Capabilities of Two Chromium Powder Metallurgy Steels for High Performance Applications at Conventional Sintering Temperatures

Kinga Patrick,Lindsley Bruce 한국분말야금학회 2006 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2006 No.1

Ancorsteel 4300, a high performance Cr-Si-Ni-Mo steel, was unveiled two years ago as the first in a series of powder metallurgy alloys that will simulate wrought steel compositions. Advantages of this alloy include good compressibility, high hardenability, and excellent dimensional stability. More important, however, is that this alloy has the ability to be effectively sintered at and maintain oxygen contents below 500 ppm. This unique blend of performance and processing capabilities provides static and dynamic properties that exceed those of conventional powder metallurgy alloys and approach wrought gearing materials. A second Cr-Si-Ni-Mo alloy has now been developed that offers complimentary performance levels at a lower Mo content. This manuscript reviews properties of the two chromium steels with comparisons to traditional sinter-hardened and heat-treated powder metallurgy alloys.

Studies on obtaining of aluminium ammonium calcium phosphates

Kinga Łuczka,Barbara Grzmil,Joanna Srenscek-Nazzal,Krzysztof Kowalczyk 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.3

Aluminium ammonium calcium phosphates were prepared with the use of AlCl3, CaCO3, H3PO4. The influence of the process parameters (pH 5 3, the molar ratios of Ca2+:Al+3:PO43 in the substrates,respectively 0.31:0.62:1; 0.5:0.5:1; 0.72:0.36:1, temperature 40 20 8C) on the phase composition and the product properties was determined. The process parameters that enable to obtain the material with expected physicochemical properties were determined based on the statistical evaluation of the experiments (fractional factorial design at three levels 3(kp)27). The phase composition of the obtained samples was studied with the use of XRD analysis. The specific surface area was calculated with the use of SBET method and the particle size was determined by the laser scanning microscopy. The materials with the molar ratio of Al3+/NH4+ and Al3+/Ca2+ in the range of 0.70–27.93 and 0.47–24.48, respectively, with an absorption oil number of 95–157 g/100 g paraffin oil, the SBET within 25–118 m2/g, the pore volume within 0.14–0.74 cm3/g and the particle size in the range of 168–285 nm were obtained.

Studies on obtaining of aluminium phosphates modified with ammonium, calcium and molybdenum

Kinga Łuczka,Barbara Grzmil,Beata Michalkiewicz,Krzysztof Kowalczyk 한국공업화학회 2015 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.23 No.-

Studies on obtaining of aluminium phosphates modified with ammonium, calcium and molybdenum were implemented. Reagent grade substrates (NH4)2HPO4, CaCO3, (NH4)6Mo7O244H2O, aqueous ammonia, and amorphous Al(OH)3 were prepared and used in the experiments. An influence of process parameters, i.e. reaction time (60 30 min) and total salt concentration (50 10 wt%) on the phase composition and product properties was determined. Statistical software STATISTICA 10 for planning and evaluation of the experiments was used. Based on the statistical evaluation of planned research by the plan fractional factorial design at three levels 3(kp), process parameters allowing to obtain the material of with expected physicochemical properties were determined. The content of aluminium, calcium and molybdenum in the products was determined using ICP-AES technique. The phosphates and ammonium content was determined by means of a spectrophotometric method and ion selective electrode Orion 11–35 type, respectively. The phase composition of the obtained materials was studied using XRD analysis. The specific surface area was calculated using the BET method and the particle size was determined by LSM. The Tafel experiments for an uncoated mild steel (immersed in an aqueous phosphate extract in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution) were performed. The steel corrosion products as well as tested phosphates were examined by means of scanning electron microscope with a cold field emission coupled with the energy dispersive X-ray analyzer. The content of the individual components was in the range of 10.52–16.33 wt% (Al), 10.59– 18.54 wt% (Ca), 0.59–5.28 wt% (Mo), 0.1–4.91 wt% (NH3), and 6.97–23.4 wt% (P2O5). The products were characterized by different physicochemical parameters. The surface area was in the range from 6 to 63 m2/g and the oil absorption was 36–71 g of oil/100 g of product, whereas the average particle size of products reached 221–319 nm. The Tafel tests revealed markedly higher anticorrosive properties of aluminium phosphates modified with ammonium, calcium, molybdenum in comparison to commercial aluminium phosphate and zinc phosphate.

Health vs. Conscience Clause: Examining Access to Contraceptives and the Observance of Women s Reproductive Rights in Poland

Kinga Ciereszko,Karolina Napiwodzka,Ewa Nowak,Kay Hemmerling 한국공공가치학회 2021 공공가치연구 Vol.1 No.1

This paper advocates for educating the moral competence in the health and pharmacy professions to enable them to respect reproductive and sexual health as core public values and human rights. In certain cultures, doctors and pharmacists follow their conscientious objection (religious conscience clause) and decline to perform certain health services, including the provision of legal contraceptives in cases protected by legal and human rights. This may violate patients and purchasers rights. The paper also presents new findings obtained in Poland with N=121 women experimentally interviewed to examine their experiences as contraception purchasers, to assess their preference with regard to facing human vs. robotic pharmacist, to manage to manage the risk of refusal argued by the conscientious objection, and to score their moral competence with one of dilemmas included in the Moral Competence Test by G. Lind. It concludes that public values in reproductive health contexts must be better balanced and managed by democratic procedures and institutions.

Relationships between Genetic Diversity and Fusarium Toxin Profiles of Winter Wheat Cultivars

Tomasz Góral,Kinga Stuper-Szablewska,Maciej Buśko,Maja Boczkowska,Dorota Walentyn-Góral,Halina Wiśniewska,Juliusz Perkowski 한국식물병리학회 2015 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.31 No.3

Fusarium head blight is one of the most important and most common diseases of winter wheat. In order to better understanding this disease and to assess the correlations between different factors, 30 cultivars of this cereal were evaluated in a two-year period. Fusarium head blight resistance was evaluated and the concentration of trichothecene mycotoxins was analysed. Grain samples originated from plants inoculated with Fusarium culmorum and naturally infected with Fusarium species. The genetic distance between the tested cultivars was determined and data were analysed using multivariate data analysis methods. Genetic dissimilarity of wheat cultivars ranged between 0.06 and 0.78. They were grouped into three distinct groups after cluster analysis of genetic distance. Wheat cultivars differed in resistance to spike and kernel infection and in resistance to spread of Fusarium within a spike (type II). Only B trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol and nivalenol) produced by F. culmorum in grain samples from inoculated plots were present. In control samples trichothecenes of groups A (H-2 toxin, T-2 toxin, T-2 tetraol, T-2 triol, scirpentriol, diacetoxyscirpenol) and B were detected. On the basis of Fusarium head blight assessment and analysis of trichothecene concentration in the grain relationships between morphological characters, Fusarium head blight resistance and mycotoxins in grain of wheat cultivars were examined. The results were used to create of matrices of distance between cultivars – for trichothecene concentration in inoculated and naturally infected grain as well as for FHB resistance Correlations between genetic distance versus resistance/mycotoxin profiles were calculated using the Mantel test. A highly significant correlation between genetic distance and mycotoxin distance was found for the samples inoculated with Fusarium culmorum. Significant but weak relationships were found between genetic distance matrix and FHB resistance or trichothecene concentration in naturally infected grain matrices.

Synthesis and in vitro antimicrobial activity screening of new pipemidic acid derivatives

Łukasz Popiołek,Anna Biernasiuk,Kinga Paruch,Anna Malm,Monika Wujec 대한약학회 2018 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.41 No.6

This article describes the synthesis and antimicrobialactivity evaluation of new pipemidic acid derivatives. New compounds were obtained on the basis ofMannich reaction of 4,5-disubstituted 1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones with pipemidic acid. Antimicrobial tests revealedhigh antibacterial activity of obtained derivatives. Gramnegativerods belonging to Enterobacteriaceae family wereparticularly most sensitive to new pipemidic acid derivatives. Synthesized compounds exhibited very strongactivity towards Proteus mirabilis ATCC 12453,Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028 and Escherichia coliATCC 25922. The minimum inhibitory concentrations ofnew pipemidic acid derivatives which inhibited the growthof these bacteria were 0.98–7.81 μg/ml, 0.98–7.81 μg/mland 0.98–3.91 μg/ml, respectively. The antibacterialactivity of newly synthesized pipemidic acid derivatives inmany cases was far better than the activity of substancesused as positive controls (nitrofurantoin, cefuroxime,ampicillin and pipemidic acid).

Pharmacological, ethnopharmacological, and botanical evaluation of subtropical medicinal plants of Lower Kheng region in Bhutan

Phurpa Wangchuk,Karma Yeshi,Kinga Jamphel 한국한의학연구원 2017 Integrative Medicine Research Vol.6 No.4

Background: The Bhutanese Sowa Rigpa medicine (BSM) uses medicinal plants as the bulk ingredients. Our study was to botanically identify subtropical medicinal plants from the Lower Kheng region in Bhutan, transcribe ethnopharmacological uses, and highlight reported pharmacological activities of each plant. Methods: We freely listed the medicinal plants used in the BSM literature, current formulations, and the medicinal plants inventory documents. This was followed by a survey and the identification of medicinal plants in the Lower Kheng region. The botanical identification of each medicinal plant was confirmed using The Plant List, eFloras, and TROPICOS. Data mining for reported pharmacological activities was performed using Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, and SciFinder Scholar. Results: We identified 61 subtropical plants as the medicinal plants used in BSM. Of these, 17 plants were cultivated as edible plant species, 30 species grow abundantly, 24 species grow in moderate numbers, and only seven species were scarce to find. All these species grow within the altitude range of 100–1800 m above sea level. A total of 19 species were trees, and 13 of them were shrubs. Seeds ranked first in the parts usage category. Goshing Gewog (Block) hosted maximum number of medicinal plants. About 52 species have been pharmacologically studied and only nine species remain unstudied. Conclusion: Lower Kheng region is rich in subtropical medicinal plants and 30 species present immediate economic potential that could benefit BSM, Lower Kheng communities and other Sowa Rigpa practicing organizations.

Dietary Beliefs and Behaviors Among Parents of Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Aleksandra Pituch-Zdanowska,Kinga Kowalska-Duplaga,El_zbieta Jarocka-Cyrta,Alicja Stawicka,Marcin Dziekiewicz,Aleksandra Banaszkiewicz 한국식품영양과학회 2019 Journal of medicinal food Vol.22 No.8

Diet is regarded as one of the important environmental factors triggering inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Many IBD patients avoid numerous types of foods in fear of disease exacerbation. The aim of the study was to investigate dietary beliefs and food avoidance among pediatric patients with IBD. This questionnaire-based study was conducted in three University-affiliated children's hospitals in Poland. Data were collected from parents of children who were diagnosed with IBD. A total of 155 parents of IBD patients participated in the survey: 104 (67.1%) had a child with Crohn's disease and 51 (32.9%) with ulcerative colitis. Parents of older children and those with longer disease duration predicted diet being considered one of the causative agents of IBD, and differences were statistically significant (P = .01 and P = .04, respectively). Also, patients with a shorter history of disease rarely shared food with other family members (P = .02). In total, 61.5% of patients avoided some kind of food in fear of disease flares. In the parent's opinion, the food the children liked but avoided included fried dishes, sweets (e.g., chocolate, cookies, cakes, candies, jellies), and fast food. Due to their dietary beliefs, parents of children with IBD commonly introduced dietary restrictions for their offspring. Frequent and unjustified food avoidance may influence not only nutritional status but also general well-being of pediatric patients. Our results underscore the urgent need for IBD patients and parents of ill children to receive reliable dietary advice based on strong scientific evidence.

Quantitative aspects of the identification of Fe(<small>II</small>) moieties in ZSM-5 zeolites with various pore hierarchies

Gó,ra-Marek, Kinga,Brylewska, Kamila,Tarach, Karolina A.,Choi, Minkee The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015 Dalton Transactions Vol.44 No.17

<P>This work was attempted in order to provide a new and well-established approach for the quantification of Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> sites in zeolites. The experimental procedure was based on carbon monoxide and nitrogen monoxide sorption in Fe-exchanged ZSM-5 zeolites with different pore hierarchies, which was followed by IR spectroscopy. The values of the absorption coefficients of the respective monocarbonyl Fe<SUP>2+</SUP>(CO) and mononitrosyl Fe<SUP>2+</SUP>(NO) IR bands were obtained. In turn, the concentrations of Fe(<SMALL>II</SMALL>) moieties of various kinds were calculated and discussed with regard to the composition (Si/Al and Fe/Al ratios) of the zeolites studied.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>This work was attempted in order to provide a new and well-established approach for the quantification of Fe<SUP>2+</SUP> sites in zeolites. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c5dt00424a'> </P>

Relationships between Genetic Diversity and Fusarium Toxin Profiles of Winter Wheat Cultivars

Goral, Tomasz,Stuper-Szablewska, Kinga,Busko, Maciej,Boczkowska, Maja,Walentyn-Goral, Dorota,Wisniewska, Halina,Perkowski, Juliusz The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2015 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.31 No.3

Fusarium head blight is one of the most important and most common diseases of winter wheat. In order to better understanding this disease and to assess the correlations between different factors, 30 cultivars of this cereal were evaluated in a two-year period. Fusarium head blight resistance was evaluated and the concentration of trichothecene mycotoxins was analysed. Grain samples originated from plants inoculated with Fusarium culmorum and naturally infected with Fusarium species. The genetic distance between the tested cultivars was determined and data were analysed using multivariate data analysis methods. Genetic dissimilarity of wheat cultivars ranged between 0.06 and 0.78. They were grouped into three distinct groups after cluster analysis of genetic distance. Wheat cultivars differed in resistance to spike and kernel infection and in resistance to spread of Fusarium within a spike (type II). Only B trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol, 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol and nivalenol) produced by F. culmorum in grain samples from inoculated plots were present. In control samples trichothecenes of groups A (H-2 toxin, T-2 toxin, T-2 tetraol, T-2 triol, scirpentriol, diacetoxyscirpenol) and B were detected. On the basis of Fusarium head blight assessment and analysis of trichothecene concentration in the grain relationships between morphological characters, Fusarium head blight resistance and mycotoxins in grain of wheat cultivars were examined. The results were used to create of matrices of distance between cultivars - for trichothecene concentration in inoculated and naturally infected grain as well as for FHB resistance Correlations between genetic distance versus resistance/mycotoxin profiles were calculated using the Mantel test. A highly significant correlation between genetic distance and mycotoxin distance was found for the samples inoculated with Fusarium culmorum. Significant but weak relationships were found between genetic distance matrix and FHB resistance or trichothecene concentration in naturally infected grain matrices.