Effect of Supplementation of Zinc, Glutamine, Fiber, and Prebiotics in Presumed Healthy Indonesian Children Aged 1-3 Years

Kadim, Muzal,Hegar, Badriul,Bardosono, Saptawati,Timan, Ina S,Gunardi, Hartono,Prasetyo, Dwi,Firmansyah, Agus,Vandenplas, Yvan The Korean Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology 2020 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.23 No.4

Purpose: Impaired intestinal mucosal integrity may affect the gastrointestinal function, especially in relation to nutrition, absorption, and barrier function. The purpose of this study was to measure the prevalence of impaired intestinal mucosal integrity in presumed healthy children aged 1-3 years and assess the effects of zinc, glutamine, fiber, and prebiotic supplementation in them. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 200 children aged 1-3 years in Pasar Minggu, South Jakarta, Indonesia. A randomized double-blind parallel group method clinical trial was then performed to assess the effects of zinc, glutamine, fiber, and prebiotic supplementation. Results: Elevated calprotectin was found in 91/200 subjects (45.5%) at the onset of the study. After 10 months, 144 subjects completed the study: 72 subjects received the trial formula, whereas the other 72 received the standard formula. A transitory decrease in fecal calprotectin (FC) was observed after 6 months in the subgroup with normal FC levels, who were fed the test formula (p=0.012). Conclusion: The prevalence of impaired intestinal mucosal integrity in this group of Indonesian children aged 1-3 years was high. Supplementation with zinc, glutamine, fiber, and prebiotics during 6 months reduced FC only in those who had low levels at baseline but not in those with impaired integrity.

Effect of Zn-doping CdTe on the internal and external quantum efficiency: ab initio calculations

Kadim G.,Masrour R. 한국세라믹학회 2023 한국세라믹학회지 Vol.60 No.6

The photovoltaic properties depend on the internal (IQE) and external (EQE) quantum efficiency. However, to calculate this quantum efficiency theoretically, we have determined the optical and electronic properties of Cd1−xZnxTe bulk and CdTe thin film. CdTe thin film is immensely interesting narrow band gap semiconductor with high absorption 100 × 104 cm−1 for the visible solar spectrum having promising applications in new-generation electronics and photo-electronic devices. Cd1−xZnxTe bulk is a semiconductor with a narrow bandgap value. The band gap values decrease slightly linearly from 1.708 to 1.642 eV with increase of Zn content. Optical reflectivity and absorption are discussed in detail. The IQE and EQE quantum efficiency of CdTe thin film and Zn doping CdTe bulk are investigated and analyzed. Our results are more consistent with the experimental results.

Effect of Transportation at High Ambient Temperatures on Physiological Responses, Carcass and Meat Quality Characteristics in Two Age Groups of Omani Sheep

Kadim, I.T.,Mahgoub, O.,AlKindi, A.Y.,Al-Marzooqi, W.,Al-Saqri, N.M.,Almaney, M.,Mahmoud, I.Y. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.3

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of short road transportation in an open truck during hot season on live weight shrink, physiological responses, and carcass and meat quality of Omani sheep at 6 and 12 months of age. Thirty-six male sheep, 18 of each age group, were used. Age groups were assigned randomly to transported and not-transported groups. The transported group was transported to the slaughterhouse the day of slaughter in an open truck covering a distance of approximately 100 km. The average temperature during transportation was $37^{\circ}C$. The not-transported group was kept in a lairage of a commercial slaughterhouse with ad libitum feed and water for 48 h prior to slaughter. Blood samples were collected from sheep before loading and prior to slaughter via jugular venipuncture to assess their physiological response to transport in relation to hormonal levels. Animals were weighed just before loading onto a truck and after transport to assess shrinkage. Muscle ultimate pH, expressed juice, cooking loss percentage, WB-shear force value, sarcomere length and colour L*, a*, b* were measured on samples from longissimus dorsi, biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscles collected at 24 h postmortem at $1-3^{\circ}C$. Live weight shrinkage losses were 1.09 and 1.52 kg for 6 and 12 month transported sheep, respectively. The transported sheep had significantly (p<0.05) higher cortisol, adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine concentration levels prior to slaughter at both ages than the not-transported sheep. Transportation significantly influenced meat quality characteristics of three muscles. Muscle ultimate pH and shear force values were significantly higher, while CIE L*, a*, b*, expressed juice and cooking loss were lower in transported than not-transported sheep. Age had a significant effect on meat quality characteristics of Omani sheep. These results indicated that short-term pre-slaughter transport at high ambient temperatures can cause noticeable changes in physiological and muscle metabolism responses in sheep.

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Pediatrician Awareness of Infant Dyschezia in Indonesia

Muzal Kadim,Ucha Merendar Putri,Hartono Gunardi,HF Wulandari,Pustika Amalia Wahidiyat,Sudung O Pardede,Wahyuni Indawati 대한소아소화기영양학회 2023 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.26 No.2

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of infant dyschezia as well as pediatrician awareness regarding this disease in Indonesia. Methods: This is a two-part cross-sectional study, which was divided into study A and B. Study A: Parents whose infants were under 9 months old and attended well-baby clinics were recruited at two randomly selected primary health centers. Parents also provided information on the infant’s previous medical history, and socio-demographic and family details. The Rome IV criteria was translated and validated to be used for diagnosis of infant dyschezia. Study B: Randomly selected pediatricians were surveyed by using a questionnaire to evaluate their knowledge regarding infant dyschezia. Results: The prevalence of infant dyschezia based on the result of this study was 11.8%. Three risk factors had a significant relationship with infant dyschezia i.e., the number of children in the family (odds ratio [OR], 5.619; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.194–14.390; p<0.001), complementary food diet (OR, 4.238; 95% CI, 1.902–9.443; p<0.001), and social-emotional disturbance (OR, 5.670; 95% CI, 2.550–12.609; p<0.001). The percentage of pediatricians correctly diagnosed infant dyschezia was 71.5%. Most pediatricians agreed that they did not perform any diagnostic testing (79.7%) and only provided education in cases of infant dyschezia (58.5%). Conclusion: The prevalence of infant dyschezia identified in our study was higher than that in other neighboring Asian countries, with the highest prevalence observed in infants 7–9 months old. Being an only child, receiving complementary food diet, and sociao-emotional disturbances were significant risk factors of infant dyschezia.

Effect of Supplementation of Zinc, Glutamine, Fiber, and Prebiotics in Presumed Healthy Indonesian Children Aged 1–3 Years

Muzal Kadim,Badriul Hegar,Saptawati Bardosono,Ina S Timan,Hartono Gunardi,Dwi Prasetyo,Agus Firmansyah,Yvan Vandenplas 대한소아소화기영양학회 2020 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.23 No.4

Purpose: Impaired intestinal mucosal integrity may affect the gastrointestinal function, especially in relation to nutrition, absorption, and barrier function. The purpose of this study was to measure the prevalence of impaired intestinal mucosal integrity in presumed healthy children aged 1–3 years and assess the effects of zinc, glutamine, fiber, and prebiotic supplementation in them. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 200 children aged 1–3 years in Pasar Minggu, South Jakarta, Indonesia. A randomized double-blind parallel group method clinical trial was then performed to assess the effects of zinc, glutamine, fiber, and prebiotic supplementation. Results: Elevated calprotectin was found in 91/200 subjects (45.5%) at the onset of the study. After 10 months, 144 subjects completed the study: 72 subjects received the trial formula, whereas the other 72 received the standard formula. A transitory decrease in fecal calprotectin (FC) was observed after 6 months in the subgroup with normal FC levels, who were fed the test formula (p=0.012). Conclusion: The prevalence of impaired intestinal mucosal integrity in this group of Indonesian children aged 1–3 years was high. Supplementation with zinc, glutamine, fiber, and prebiotics during 6 months reduced FC only in those who had low levels at baseline but not in those with impaired integrity.

Prediction of Crude Protein, Extractable Fat, Calcium and Phosphorus Contents of Broiler Chicken Carcasses Using Near-infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy

I. T. Kadim,O. Mahgoub,W. Al-Marzooqi,K. Annamalai 아세아·태평양축산학회 2005 Animal Bioscience Vol.18 No.7

Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopic (NIRS) calibrations were developed for accurate and fast prediction of whole broiler chicken carcass composition. The Feed and Forage Foss systems Model 5000 Reflectance Transport Model 5000 with nearinfrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS)-WinISI II windows software was used for this purpose. One equation was developed for the prediction of each carcass component. One hundred and fifty freeze dried broiler whole carcass samples were ground in a Cyclotech 1,093 sample mill and analyzed for dry matter, protein, fat, calcium and phosphate. Samples were divided into two sets: a calibration set from which equations were derived and a prediction set used to validate these equations. The chemical analysis values (mean짹SD) were calculated based on dry matter basis as follows: dry matter: 33.41짹2.78 (range: 26.41-43.47), protein: 54.04짹6.63 (range: 36.20-76.09), fat 35.44짹8.34 (range: 7.50-55.03), calcium 2.55짹0.65 (range: 0.99-4.41), phosphorus 1.38짹0.26 (range: 0.60-2.28). One hundred and three samples were used to calibrate the equations and prediction values. The software used was modified to obtain partial least square regression statistics, as it is the most suitable for natural products analysis. The coefficients of determination (R2) and the standard errors of prediction were 0.82 and 1.83 for the dry matter, 0.96 and 1.98 for protein, 0.99 and 1.07 for fat, 0.90 and 0.30 for calcium and 0.91 and 0.11 for phosphorus, respectively. The present study indicated that NIRS can be calibrated to predict the whole broiler carcass chemical composition, including minerals in a rapid, accurate, and cost effective manner. It neither requires skilled operators nor generates hazardous waste. These findings may have practical importance to improve instrumental procedures for quick evaluation of broiler carcass composition.

The Specificity Property for the Exchange-Interaction

H.J. Kadim 보안공학연구지원센터 2011 International Journal of Future Generation Communi Vol.4 No.3

Assessment of structural behavior of reinforced concrete slab ceiling under full load test in a residential complex project

Jaffar A. Kadim,Oday A. Abdulrazzaq,Abdulamir A. Karim,Aqeel H. Chkheiwer 국제구조공학회 2024 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.89 No.6

This research deals with the process of conducting a reinforced concrete slab loading test of a Residential Complex Project at the Shatt Al Arab District which is located in southern Iraq. The purpose of the test which represents a destructive test is to evaluate the structural behavior of the slab condition state during and after the examination of the test process in order to ascertain the ability of the slab ceiling to withstand the loads generated during the use of the building. The test was carried out accordant to ACI 437.2-13 code. The reason for this test is the postponed 8 years of building project construction. Concrete blocks were used to simulate and conduct a loading test of 30-tons for 3 days. The central point has been installed to measure the slab deflection that occurred during the test. The results showed that both the total deflection and residual deflections were lesser than the permissible values according to the ACI 437.2-13, the RC slab behavior was mainly linear structural behave, and that the purpose of the examination was achieved. Finally, a new method was introduced to the assessment of the slab condition at the support which is found in good condition.

An Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility Assay for the Growing Meat Chicken-Effect of Feeding Method and Digesta Collection Procedures

Yap, K.H.,Kadim, I.T.,King, R.D.,Moughan, P.J. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 1997 Animal Bioscience Vol.10 No.6

The objective was to evaluate method of feeding (free access or intubation), method of slaughter (carbon dioxide gas or barbiturate) and digesta flushing medium (distilled water or physiological saline), in the development of an ileal amino acid digestibility assay for 4 week-old broiler chickens. Three diets were used (commercial (C), semi-synthetic meat-and bone meal (MBM) or wheat (W)). For the coarser C and W diets but not for the MBM diet, feeding method had a significant effect on concentrations of chromium (Cr), nitrogen (N), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) in the crop contents at a set time after a meal. There appeared to be a selection of food particles under free-access feeding. For birds receiving the wheat diet there was an effect (p < 0.05) of sampling time after feeding on the concentrations of Cr, N, ADF and NDF/Cr in the crop contents. Flushing ileal digesta with distilled water or saline led to similar apparent ileal N digestibility coefficients. Birds given the MBM diet, and killed by inhalation of $CO_2$, had significantly (p < 0.05) lower apparent ileal N digestibility coefficients (73 versus 80%) than those killed by barbiturate overdose.

Towards Conservation of Omani Local Chicken: Phenotypic Characteristics, Management Practices and Performance Traits

Al-Qamashoui, B.,Mahgoub, O.,Kadim, I.,Schlecht, E. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2014 Animal Bioscience Vol.27 No.6

Characterizing local chicken types and their mostly rural production systems is prerequisite for designing and implementing development and conservation programs. This study evaluated the management practices of small-scale chicken keepers and the phenotypic and production traits of their chickens in Oman, where conservation programs for local livestock breeds have currently started. Free-range scavenging was the dominant production system, and logistic regression analysis showed that socio-economic factors such as training in poultry keeping, household income, income from farming and gender of chicken owners influenced feeding, housing, and health care practices (p<0.05). A large variation in plumage and shank colors, comb types and other phenotypic traits within and between Omani chicken populations were observed. Male and female body weight differed (p<0.05), being $1.3{\pm}0.65$ kg and $1.1{\pm}0.86$ kg respectively. Flock size averaged $22{\pm}7.7$ birds per household with 4.8 hens per cock. Clutch size was $12.3{\pm}2.85$ and annual production $64.5{\pm}2.85$ eggs per hen. Egg hatchability averaged $88{\pm}6.0%$ and annual chicken mortality across all age and sex categories was $16{\pm}1.4%$. The strong involvement of women in chicken keeping makes them key stakeholders in future development and conservation programs, but the latter should be preceded by a comprehensive study of the genetic diversity of the Omani chicken populations.