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전정례 건국대학교 인문과학연구소 1998 인문과학논총 Vol.30 No.-
This article studied about 'hada' and 'suru, which are the most frequent verbs in two languages, in the view of grammaticalization and lexicalization. This study showed the same process of this change in two verbs, and the similarities and differencies also. Both of two verbs showed the process of diachronic change-verb (V1)> auxiliary(V2)> affix(V3), and these three grammatical forms exist in synchronic status of two languages. 1) In V1 form, the lexicalization becoms similarly except some differnet ones. 2) In V2 form, grammaticalization has been processed in two languages but 'hada' has more auxiliary forms, and we can say that 'hada' has been more grammaticalized than 'suru'. 3) The differencies can be seen morein V3 form as an affix, first of all, '-hada' is affixiated in [+ -action] predicate but '-suru' is done in [+action] predicate only and elsewhere '-hada' has been affixiated to other forms which '-suru' has not been. In conclusion, grammaticalization and lexicalization have been processed in 'hada' and 'suru' in same direction and almost same form but those speed has been different, and so we can hypothize very cautiously that grammatical change has been processing earlier in Korean than in Japanese. Of course, this hypothesis must be proved other many grammatical changes in two language.
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Jung Lye Kim,In Sook Chae,Young Hee Kang,Jung Sook Kang 대한지역사회영양학회 2008 Nutrition Research and Practice Vol.2 No.4
This study was purposed to investigate the effect of onion or beet on plasma and liver lipids, erythrocyte Na efflux channels and platelet aggregation in simvastatin (SIM) treated hypercholesterolemic rats. Forty Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups and fed 0.5% cholesterol based diets containing 2 ㎎/㎏ BW simvastatin or simvastatin with 5% onion or beet powder. Plasma total cholesterol was significantly increased in SIM group compared with the control (p<0.01), and the elevated plasma total cholesterol of SIM group was significantly decreased in SIM-onion and SIM-beet groups (p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol in SIM-beet group was significantly increased compared with other groups (p<0.05). Platelet aggregation in both the maximum and initial slope was significantly decreased in SIM group compared with SIM-onion group (p<0.05). Na-K ATPase was significantly decreased in SIM group compared with the control, SIM-onion and SIM-beet groups (p<0.05). Na passive leak was significantly increased in all groups treated with SIM compared with the control (p<0.05). The total Na efflux was decreased in SIM group and increased in SIM-onion group and the difference between these two groups was significant (p<0.05). There was no difference in intracellular Na among groups. In present study, simvastatin, a HMG CoA reductase inhibitor at dose of 2㎎/㎏ BW/day rather increased plasma total cholesterol in rats, inferring that the action mechanism of simvastatin on cholesterol metabolism differ between rat and human. Onion and beet play favorable roles in cardiovascular system by restoring the reduced Na efflux through Na-K ATPase and Na-K cotransport in SIM treated rats.
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Kim, Jung-Lye,Park, Sin-Hye,Jeong, Daewon,Nam, Ju-Suk,Kang, Young-Hee The Society 2012 Experimental biology and medicine Vol.237 No.4
<P>Bone-remodeling imbalance induced by increased bone resorption and osteoclast formation is known to cause skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis. There has been growing interest in the anabolic natural agents that enhance bone formation. Silymarin is flavonolignans extracted from blessed milk thistle. Several studies suggest that silymarin possesses antihepatotoxic properties and anticancer effects against carcinoma cells. This study investigated promoting effects of silymarin on differentiation and mineralization of osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 mouse cells and on bone mineral density (BMD) by in vivo fracture experiments. Osteoblasts were treated with 1-20 μmol/L silymarin for 15 days in a differentiating medium. In addition, this study explored signaling pathways implicated in the osteoblastogenesis of silymarin. It was found that silymarin stimulated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium nodule formation in a dose-dependent manner with a substantial effect on osteoblast proliferation. Silymarin treatment enhanced collagen secretion, osteocalcin transcription and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) expression. The BMP inhibitor noggin suppressed the silymarin-promoted ALP activity in differentiated osteoblasts, suggesting that its osteoblastogenic actions entail the BMP pathway. This was proved by increased SMAD1/5/8 phosphorylation and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) expression in the presence of silymarin. In 21-day fracture-healing experiments, fractured and silymarin (10 mg/kg)-treated C57BL/6 mice showed better bone healing than fractured mice. Silymarin supplementation improved tibial bone strength with elevated BMD and serum levels of osteogenic ALP and osteocalcin. Taken together, these results demonstrate, for the first time, that silymarin has a potential to enhance osteoblastogenesis through accelerating BMP/SMAD/Runx2 signal pathways and to improve fracture healing and bone strength in mouse tibiae.</P>
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Kim, Jung-Lye,Kim, Yun-Ho,Kang, Min-Kyung,Gong, Ju-Hyun,Han, Seoung-Jun,Kang, Young-Hee Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2013 BioMed research international Vol.2013 No.-
<P>Bone integrity abnormality and imbalance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts are known to result in metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis. Silymarin-rich milk thistle extract (MTE) and its component silibinin enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts but reduced tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity of osteoclasts. The osteoprotective effects of MTE were comparable to those of estrogenic isoflavone. Low-dose combination of MTE and isoflavone had a pharmacological synergy that may be useful for osteogenic activity. This study attempted to reveal the suppressive effects of MTE on bone loss. C57BL/6 female mice were ovariectomized (OVX) as a model for postmenopausal osteopenia and orally administered 10 mg/kg MTE or silibinin for 8 weeks. The sham-operated mice served as estrogen controls. The treatment of ovariectomized mice with nontoxic MTE and silibinin improved femoral bone mineral density and serum receptor activator of nuclear factor-<I><I>κ</I></I>B ligand/osteoprotegerin ratio, an index of osteoclastogenic stimulus. In addition, the administration of MTE or silibinin inhibited femoral bone loss induced by ovariectomy and suppressed femoral TRAP activity and cathepsin K induction responsible for osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Collectively, oral dosage of MTE containing silibinin in the preclinical setting is effective in preventing estrogen deficiency-induced bone loss.</P>
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Kim, Jung-Lye,Li, Hong Mei,Kim, Yun-Ho,Lee, Yong-Jin,Shim, Jae-Hoo,Lim, Soon Sung,Kang, Young-Hee Institute for Advanced Research in Asian Science a 2012 The American journal of Chinese medicine Vol.40 No.6
<P>Bone integrity is maintained through a balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and bone resorption by osteoclasts. Imbalance of the process results in metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis. This study investigated the yellow flag iris extract (YFIE) and revealed its anti-osteoporotic effects in osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 mouse cells and RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. When osteoblasts were treated with 1-20 μg/ml YFIE in an osteogenic medium, the bone nodule formation by calcium deposits was markedly enhanced during differentiation. Consistently, YFIE stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity and collagen type I secretion with a substantial effect on osteoblast proliferation. On the other hand, RAW 264.7 macrophages were pre-incubated with 1-20 μg/ml YFIE for 5 days in the presence of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). Non-toxic YFIE markedly attenuated the differentiation of macrophages to multi-nucleated osteoclasts. YFIE diminished RANKL-elevated tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity and bone resorption. In addition, the YFIE treatment retarded RANKL-induced cathepsin K production and carbonic anhydrase II expression, both of which are involved in bone resorption. Therefore, YFIE potentially posesses therapeutic agents that may prevent osteoporosis through promoting bone formation and reducing bone resorption.</P>
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( Soo-jung Kim ),( Yul-lye Hwang ),( Su-hyuk Yim ),( Dongkyun Hong ),( Chong Won Choi ),( Kyung Eun Jung ),( Young-joon Seo ),( Chang-deok Kim ),( Jung Min Shin ),( Young Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2019 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.71 No.2
Background: Female-pattern hair loss (FPHL) is a common hair loss disorder in women. The various treatments include topical minoxidil and 17α-estradiol, and oral anti-androgens. However, the clinical efficacy of 5α-reductase inhibitors remains controversial. Objectives: We evaluated the clinical utility of dutasteride in FPHL patients, and how dutasteride promotes hair growth. Methods: We evaluated hair follicle density and thickness before and after oral dutasteride treatment in 24 FPHL patients. We measured β-catenin activity in primary cultures of human dermal papilla cells (DPCs) using the TOP Flash reporter assay and Western blotting. The expression levels of genes promoting hair growth were quantitatively assessed via Q-PCR. Results: The mean vertex hair density increased significantly from 67±14 to 76±13/ ㎠ (P=0.001) and the mean occipital hair density increased from 89±11 to 94±13/cm2 (P=0.012) after dutasteride treatment. When DPCs were treated with dutasteride, TOP Flash activity was increased in a dose-dependent manner and the protein level of non-phosphorylated (active) β-catenin was also increased by dutasteride. The mRNA level of vascular endothelial growth factor was increased, but the mRNA levels of keratinocyte growth factor, IGF-1,and Noggin were not affected by dutasteride. Conclusion: This study shows a novel mechanism of dutasteride in promoting hair growth and provides support for possible clinical application of 5α-reductase inhibitors for treatment of FPHL.
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Kim, Jung-Mi,Park, Seung-Moon,Kim, Jung-Ae,Park, Jin-Ah,Yi, Min-Hee,Kim, Nan-Sun,Bae, Jong-Lye,Park, Sung Goo,Jang, Yong-Suk,Yang, Moon-Sik,Kim, Dae-Hyuk American Society for Microbiology 2011 Clinical and vaccine immunology Vol.18 No.12
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>A coexpression strategy inSaccharomyces cerevisiaeusing episomal and integrative vectors for theEscherichia coliheat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) and a fusion protein of an ApxIIA toxin epitope produced byActinobacillus pleuropneumoniaecoupled to LTB, respectively, was adapted for the hetero-oligomerization of LTB and the LTB fusion construct. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with GM1 ganglioside indicated that the LTB fusion construct, along with LTB, was oligomerized to make the functional heteropentameric form, which can bind to receptors on the mucosal epithelium. The antigen-specific antibody titer of mice orally administered antigen was increased when using recombinant yeast coexpressing the pentameric form instead of recombinant yeast expressing either the LTB fusion form or antigen alone. Better protection against challenge infection withA. pleuropneumoniaewas also observed for coexpression in recombinant yeast compared with others. The present study clearly indicated that the coexpression strategy enabled the LTB fusion construct to participate in the pentameric formation, resulting in an improved induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses.</P>
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Lee, Eun-Jung,Kim, Jung-Lye,Gong, Ju-Hyun,Park, Sin-Hye,Kang, Young-Hee Hindawi Publishing Corporation 2015 BioMed research international Vol.2015 No.-
<P>This study was to explore the sequential signaling of disorganization of the actin cytoskeletal architecture by phloretin. RAW 264.7 macrophages were incubated with 1–20 <I>μ</I>M phloretin for 5 days in the presence of RANKL. C57BL/6 mice were ovariectomized (OVX) and orally treated with 10 mg/kg phloretin once a day for 8 weeks. Phloretin allayed RANKL stimulated formation of actin podosomes with the concomitant retardation of the vinculin activation. Oral administration of phloretin suppressed the induction of femoral gelsolin and vinculin in OVX mice. The RANK-RANKL interaction resulted in the <I>α</I>v<I>β</I>3 integrin induction, which was demoted by phloretin. The RANKL induction of actin rings and vacuolar-type H<SUP>+</SUP>-ATPase entailed Pyk2 phosphorylation and c-Src and c-Cbl induction, all of which were blunted by phloretin. Similar inhibition was also observed in phloretin-exposed OVX mouse femoral bone tissues with decreased trabecular collagen formation. Phloretin suppressed the paxillin induction in RANKL-activated osteoclasts and in OVX epiphyseal bone tissues. Also, phloretin attenuated the Syk phosphorylation and phospholipase C<I>γ</I> induction by RANKL in osteoclasts. These results suggest that phloretin was an inhibitor of actin podosomes and sealing zone, disrupting <I>α</I>v<I>β</I>3 integrin-c-Src-Pyk2/Syk signaling pathway for the regulation of actin cytoskeletal organization in osteoclasts.</P>
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