Introduction of the Saiban-in System and Reformation of Criminal Procedure in Japan

( Inouye Masahito ) 서울대학교 법학연구소 2014 서울대학교 法學 Vol.55 No.2

In 2004, Japan enacted a statute (the Saiban-in Act) to introduce a system of lay participation in criminal trials. In the new system, six people selected randomly from among the citizens in each case would serve as Saiban-in (lay assessor) and, in collaboration with three professional judges, engage themselves in deciding both guilt and sentence in the trials involving capital and other serious offenses.1) After five years of preparation, the Saiban-in Act came into force on May 21, 2009. In the four years and eight months since the first Sainban-in trial was held in August that year, 6,530 defendants were tried by the mixed panel courts, in which 36,837 citizens served as Saiban-in and 12,597 as supplementary Saiban-in.2) The introduction of this new system, which almost necessarily accompanied several important revisions in the Code of Criminal Procedure (CCP), has already led to not only dramatic changes in the management and manner of criminal trials but also significant developments in judicial precedents. It also seems to have been changing the attitudes of criminal justice professionals and even the public views on criminal law and justice in the long run. In the following parts, I will give a brief survey on the backgrounds of the introduction of the Saiban-in system and the ongoing reform which it has brought about in the Japanese criminal procedure.

Parasporin-4, A Novel Cancer Cell-killing Protein Produced by Bacillus thuringiensis

Kuniyo Inouye,Shiro Okumura,Eiichi Mizuki 한국식품과학회 2008 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.17 No.2

Bacillus thuringiensis was isolated as a pathogen of the sotto disease of silkmoth larvae about a hundred years ago. Since then, this bacterium has attracted attentions of not only insect pathologists but also many other scientists who are interested in its strong and specific insecticidal activity. This has led to the recent worldwide development of B. thuringiensisbased microbial insecticides and insect-resistant transgenic plants, as well as a landmark discovery of parasporin, a cancer cellspecific cytotoxin produced by B. thuringiensis. In this review, we describe examination of interaction between inclusion proteins of B. thuringiensis and brush border membrane of insects using a surface plasmon resonance-based biosensor, identification and characterization of parasporin-4, the latest parasporin produced by the B. thuringiensis A1470 strain, and an effective method for preparing the parasporin-4 from inclusion bodies expressed in the recombinant Escherichia coli cells.

日本型水稻と日印交雜水稻における 分離種子根の伸長性の比較(I報)

井之上 準,折谷 隆志,金晋鎬 順天大學校 1985 論文集 Vol.4 No.1

日本型水稻20品種, 一印交雜水稻20品種の種子根·分離根を川田らの"改良培地"で培養し,分離根の發育を調査した. 1.分離根の長さは,27℃區では日本型水稻の10.9∼18.0㎝に대??して日印交雜水稻は13.2∼19.7㎝で,兩水稻品種間に著しぃ差異はなかったが,30℃區はでは9.1∼19.0㎝と16.7∼27.3㎝で,日本型水稻して日印交雜水稻の伸長は著しく良好であった. 2.分離根の乾物重は,27℃區ては日本型水稻が0.9∼2.0㎎でなったのに對し,日印交雜水稻は3.2∼5.7㎎, 30℃區では0.9∼2.3㎎に對し,4.2∼10.1㎎で,兩溫度흉にねい て兩品稻群間に明からな差が認られた.なね,この差異は30℃區にねいてより著しか った. 3.日本型水稻と日印交雜水稻の間にみられた分離根の乾物重の差異は,主に分지??根の發育の良否によるもので,特に長さ1∼5㎝の分岐根數に 差異が認られた. 4.上記のよらな分岐根の發育の違いは品種群の特性によるものか,あるいは"改良培地"に對する適應度が異なることによるものかについては不明であり,今後にまちたい. 謝辭:本實驗の遂行にあたり有益な助言をいただいた佐賀大學農學部田中典幸博土に深く 感謝いたします. Based on a culture method of excised root tip reported by Kawata et al.??, this study examined growth of seminal root tips of Japonica type and Japonica-Indica hybrid rices. Throughout the studies, the 1㎝ long root tips to initiate experiments were excised from seminal roots and the two root tips had grown in each flask containing 15ml of the culture solution. They had grown at 27 or 30℃ in the dark for three weeks, until the root growth ceased. Plant materials used were 20 varieties of Japonica-Indica hybrids bred in Korea, 10 varieties of Korean paddy rice and 10 ones of Japanese paddy rice. The following results were obtained. 1. Root length at 27℃ varied from 10.9 to 18.0㎝ in the Japonica type rice and from 13.2 to 19.7㎝ in the Japonica-Indica hybrid rice. At 30℃, it was from 9.1 to 19.0㎝ in the former and from 16.7 to 27.3㎝ in the latter. 2. In the both cultural temperatures of 27 and 30℃, Japonica-Indica hyvrid rice had more number of the well developed branched roots than the Japonica type rice. The dry root weight which seems to represent the root growth was from 0.9 to 2.0㎎ in the Japonica type rice and from 3.2 to 5.7㎎ in the Japonica-Indica hyvrid rice at 27℃, while it was from 0.9 to 2.3㎎ in the frmer and from 4.2 to 10.1㎎ in the latter at 30℃. 3. Excised root growth of the Japonica type rice was better at 27℃, than at 30℃, while in the case of the Japonica-Indica hybrid rice this was reverse.

Decision of death or life by heat shock transcription factor 1

Hayashida, Naoki,Inouye, Sachiye,Fujimoto, Mitsuaki,Takaki, Eiichi,Ichikawa, Hitoshi,Rho, Jaerang,Nakai, Akira 충남대학교 형질전환복제돼지연구센터 2007 논문집 Vol. No.10

A novel HSF1-mediated death pathway that is suppressed by heat shock proteins

Hayashida, Naoki,Inouye, Sachiye,Fujimoto, Mitsuaki,Tanaka, Yasunori,Izu, Hanae,Takaki, Eiichi,Ichikawa, Hitoshi,Rho, Jaerang,Nakai, Akira Wiley (John WileySons) 2006 The EMBO journal Vol.25 No.20

<P>Heat shock response is an adoptive response to proteotoxic stress, and a major heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) has been believed to protect cells from cell death by inducing heat shock proteins (Hsps) that assist protein folding and prevent protein denaturation. However, it is revealed recently that HSF1 also promotes cell death of male germ cells. Here, we found a proapoptotic Tdag51 (T-cell death associated gene 51) gene as a direct target gene of HSF1. Heat shock and other stresses induced different levels of Hsps and Tdag51, which depend on cell types. Hsps bound directly to the N-terminal pleckstrin-homology like (PHL) domain of Tdag51, and suppressed death activity of the C-terminal proline/glutamine/histidine-rich domain. Tdag51, but not major Hsps, were induced in male germ cells exposed to high temperatures. Analysis of Tdag51-null testes showed that Tdag51 played substantial roles in promoting heat shock-induced cell death in vivo. These data suggest that cell fate on proteotoxic condition is determined at least by balance between Hsp and Tdag51 levels, which are differently regulated by HSF1.</P>

Gibberellin(GA₃)處理에 依해서 誘起되는 浮稻의 幼苗에 있어서 節間伸長의 品種間差異

金晋鎬,井之上 準 順天大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.3 No.1

幼苗時에 있어서 浮稻와 非浮稻의 區別 및 浮稻의 節間伸長性에 對한 差異를 判定하는 檢定方法을 探求할 目的으로 GA₃의 葉面撒布에 依해 誘起되는 節間伸長의 位置에 對해서 檢討하였다. 供試材料는 "방글라데시" 産浮稻 181品種, "타이랜드"産浮稻85品種 및 非浮稻101品種이었다. 얻어진 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 第 3~5葉期에 GA₃1~1000ppm을 1回 葉面撒布하여 節間伸長이 誘起되었으나伸長이 誘起된 節間의 最低位置는 GA₃濃度가 낮을수록, 또한 節間伸長性이 낮은 品種일수록 높은 傾向으로 나타난다 2. "타이랜드" 産에 있어서 節間伸長이 良好한 品種과 不良한 品種 또는 非浮稻의 區別은 GA₃1000 또는 100ppm 1回의 葉面撒布處理에 依해서 伸長이 誘起된 節間 最低位置의 差異에 依해서 거의 區別될수 있었으나 節間伸長이 不良한 浮稻와 非浮稻의 區別은 困難하였다. 3. "방글라데시"産의 浮稻는 "타이랜드"産의 浮稻보다 GA₃에 依한 節間伸長의 誘起作用을 强하게 받았다. 따라서 GA₃100ppm의 葉面撒布에 依해서 誘起되는 最低伸長節間位置의 差異에 依해서 兩者를 區別할수 있었다. Internode elongation was induced during the seedling stage by foliar application of gibberellic acid (GA₃, 1-1,000 ppm) in floating rice and non-floating rice. The induction effect of GA₃was stronger in floating rice than in non-floating rice. Comparing with Bangladesh floating rice with Thai floating rice, the induction effect was generally stronger in the former than in the latter. In each of both floating rices, it was stronger in the varieties which have good elongation ability than in those with inferior elongation ability. But, the promotion of elongation of both leaf sheath and leaf blade by GA₃did not differ among Bangladesh floating rice, Thai floating and non-floating rices.

Identification of Two DNA Helicases UvrD and DinG as Suppressors for Lethality Caused by Mutant <b><i>cspA</i></b> mRNAs

Hwang, Jihwan,Lee, Kangseok,Phadtare, Sangita,Inouye, Masayori S. Karger AG 2012 Journal of molecular microbiology and biotechnolog Vol.22 No.3

<P>Abstract</P><P>CspA is a major cold shock-inducible protein (70 aa), and its major role in the cold shock response was shown to be as an RNA chaperone destabilizing secondary structure of mRNAs at low temperature. Previously, we showed that the overexpression of mutant <I>cspA</I> containing premature non-sense codons at various positions led to stalled ribosomes on mutant <I>cspA</I> transcripts, ultimately leading to cell death. This lethality is primarily due to the highly translatable <I>cspA</I> 5′-<I>UTR</I> that recruits most of the ribosomes from other mRNAs, which are then stalled at the abnormal stop codon. This was called the ‘LACE’ effect. We show here that non-sense mutation even at the 67th position as well as substitutions of aromatic amino acid residues present on the RNA-binding surface of CspA protein to alanine caused the LACE effect by trapping a substantial amount of ribosomes on <I>cspA</I> mRNAs. In an attempt to identify a suppressor(s), which may help the cells to recover from the inhibitory LACE effect, genetic screening of an <I>Escherichia coli</I> genomic library was performed. We isolated suppressors that contained the genomic fragments encoding <I>uvrD</I> and <I>dinG</I>, respectively, whose gene products are ATP-dependent DNA helicases. The nucleic acid-binding and ATPase activities of these two helicases were found to be essential for their suppression activity. This genomic screening offers an approach to shed light on the mechanistic of 5′-<I>UTR</I> of <I>cspA</I> mRNA and novel roles of <I>E. coli</I> helicases that function in DNA repair.</P><P>Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel</P>

Simulation of Mammalian Circadian Clock for the Analysis of Interlocked Feedback Loops in Robust Oscillation

Hiroshi Matsuno,Natsumi Mitou,Shin-Ichi T. Inouye 대한전자공학회 2009 ITC-CSCC :International Technical Conference on Ci Vol.2009 No.7

Mammalian circadian clock is composed of two feedback loops, a Per-Cry and Clock-Bmal1-Rev-erb loops, which are interlocked each other. This paper examines the effect of the interlocked loops from an aspect of robustness by means of simulations with hybrid functional Petri net technique, showing that Ror gene plays an important role for keeping robust oscillation in the interlocked loops of mammalian circadian clock.

Intramolecular regulation of the sequence-specific mRNA interferase activity of MazF fused to a MazE fragment with a cleavable linker by specific proteases.

Jung-Ho PARK,Yoshihiro YAMAGUCHI,Masayori INOUYE 한국생물공학회 2013 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2013 No.4

아프리카 벼 Oryza glaberrima의 종실 이층조직의 발달과정과 등숙기간 중 탈립성의 변화

Il Doo Jin,Yeong Hwan Bae,Jun Inouye 韓國作物學會 1995 Korean journal of crop science Vol.40 No.1

아프리카 벼에 있어서 벼알과 소피경 사이에 형성되는 이층조직의 특이성에 따라, '부분이층', '불규칙이층' 및 '완전이층'의 품종을 각각 2품종씩 공시하여 유수형성 이후 유수와 영화의 신장에 따른 이층조직의 형성 및 발달과정을 해부형태학적으로 관찰하였다. 또한 출수후 수확기까지 등숙과정에 있어서 탈립성정도의 변화와 이층조직과의 관계에 대하여 검토하였다. 아프리카 벼의 유수와 영화는 출수전 15일 이후 급격한 신장을 보여 출수전 5일 경에는 출수기와 거의 동일한 길이로 신장되었다. 출수전 15일 경에는 작은 유조직세포로 구성된 이층조직의 형성부위를 인정할 수 있었는데, 부분이층의 외영쪽에는 이층조직의 형성부위를 인정할 수 없었고, 불규칙이층의 외영쪽에는 부분적으로 집단화되어 있는 소형의 유조직세포들을 관찰할 수 있었다. 출수전 10일경 이층조직 주변의 세포들은 세포벽이 식후하고 목화되어 1-2층의 유조직세포로된 이층조직을 더욱 뚜렷하게 구분할 수 있었는데, '부분이층'의 외영쪽에는 후벽조직속에 1-2개의 유조직세포가 혼재되어 있었고, '불규칙이층'의 외영쪽에는 불규칙하게 집단화된 유조직세포를 관찰할 수 있었다. 아프리카 벼에 있어서는 출수후 2주째 벼알의 등숙이 수확기와 거의 비슷하게 진전되었는데, 이때 이층구조의 붕괴현상 관찰할 수 있었으며, 또한 벼알과 소피경 사이의 인장강도도 수확기와 동일하게 저하하였다. Six African rice varieties, two each from three types having the characteristics of partially, irregularly, and completely developed abscission layers, were selected and grown 1) to investi-gate the histological differences during the formation and development of the abscission layers and 2) to evaluate the changes in the breaking tensile strength required to detach a grain from its pedicel dur-ing ripening period in relation with developmental stage of the abscission layers. In African rice, the panicle and spikelet grew rapidly from 15 days before heading and almost completely grown in length at five days before heading. The abscission regions were recognized at 15 days before heading. However, any apparently developed abscission layers were not recognized in the lemma side for partially developed abscission layers. A group of parenchymatous cells could be observed sporadically in the abscission layers of the lemma side for irregularly developed ab-scission layers. At ten days before heading, abscission layers consisting of one or two layers of parenchymatous cells were clearly distinguished from neighboring cells due to thickened and lignified cell walls. There were a number of individual parenchymatous cells scattered sporadically in the lemma side of partially developed abscission layers, and a number of grouped parenchymatous cells scattered randomly in the lemma side of irregularly developed abscission layers. At two weeks after heading, the grains became almost fully filled. The cracking of abscission layers between rachilla and pedicel was observed, and the breaking tensile strength required to detach a grain from its pedicel was as low as that at harvest time.