미술교육에서 우리는 무엇을 가르치는가?

Nicholas Houghton,고홍규(옮김) 한국국제미술교육학회 2017 미술과 교육 Vol.18 No.2

논문은 오늘날 미술교육에서 가르쳐지고 있는 것을 이해하기 위해 미술교육과정의 역사적 측면을 다룬다. 어떻게 현재 미술의 개념이 낭만주의와 계몽주의의 영향 아래 유럽에서 발생한 사회 체제에 의존하고 있는지 설명한다. 이러한 개념들은 60년대부터 현대에 이르기까지 모더니즘에 의해 조절되고 방해되어 왔다. 미술교육과정은 기술을 가르치는 도제제도와 드로잉, 미학을 가르치는 아카데미의 혼합 형태라고 볼 수 있다. 단지 20세기에 모더니즘 미술만이 그 영향에서 벗어났고, 그것은 자기표현과 형식주의의 영향 때문이었다. 이 두 가지 영향은 미술 생산의 기계화된 방식을 옹호하고, 전통적인 위계를 전복시키는 아이디어와 이론을 강조하는 동시대 미술에 의해 도전을 받았다. 동시대 미술은 학과중심(discipline-based), 이슈기반(issue-based), 시각문화에 관한 학습, 그리고 렌즈기반의 미디어와 같은 기계적인 방식의 사용과 같이 중요한 미술교육 운동에 영향을 주었다. 이제 미술교육의 핵심은 미술작품에 대해 설명하고, 맥락화하며, 이론화하는 능력을 길러주는 것이 되었다. 하지만 미술교육은 생각을 고무하고, 즐기며, 움직이는 것과 같이 미술이 할 수 있는 것들을 피하지 말고 받아들여야 할 필요가 있다.

What Are We Teaching When We Teach Art?

Nicholas Houghton 한국국제미술교육학회 2017 미술과 교육 Vol.18 No.2

This paper presents a historical account of the art curriculum, in order to understand what is being taught in art today. It explains how present-day conceptions of art owe much to Romanticism and the social order which emerged in Europe under the influence of the Enlightenment. These conceptions have been tempered and disrupted by a hundred years of modernism, following from the 1960s by contemporary art. The art curriculum owed much to a combination of apprenticeships to teach skills and art academies to teach drawing and aesthetics. Only in the twentieth century did modern art exert an influence and when it did it was in the form of self-expression and formalism. Both of these have been challenged by contemporary art, which embraces mechanised means of producing art, places the emphasis on ideas, theories and contextual knowledge while subverting some traditional hierarchies. Contemporary art influenced significant art education movements, such as discipline-based and issues-based, learning about visual culture, as well as the use of mechanical means of making art, such as lens-based media. The core of art education is now the ability to explain, contextualise and even theorise. This should abet but not eclipse some of the things art can be, such as thought provoking, entertaining and moving.

Complex percutaneous biliary procedures: Review and contributions of a high volume team

Eduardo Houghton 소화기인터벤션의학회 2019 Gastrointestinal Intervention Vol.8 No.1

A comprehensive literature review was performed to evaluate the state of art and level of evidence of complex percutaneous biliary procedures and their safeness and effectiveness. Amidst those procedures, the review focused on techniques to achieve non-dilated biliary drainage, multiple self-expandable metallic stents, multiple plastic stents for the treatment of benign biliary strictures, simultaneous biliary and duodenal stent placement, rendezvous maneuvers, and use of magnets to treat biliary stenosis or even create new anastomosis with the jejunum or duodenum. A description of each technique and revision of literature provides useful tools for clinical practice decisions.

Complex percutaneous biliary procedures: Review and contributions of a high volume team

Eduardo Houghton 소화기인터벤션의학회 2019 International journal of gastrointestinal interven Vol.8 No.1

A comprehensive literature review was performed to evaluate the state of art and level of evidence of complex percutaneous biliary procedures and their safeness and effectiveness. Amidst those procedures, the review focused on techniques to achieve non-dilated biliary drainage, multiple self-expandable metallic stents, multiple plastic stents for the treatment of benign biliary strictures, simultaneous biliary and duodenal stent placement, rendezvous maneuvers, and use of magnets to treat biliary stenosis or even create new anastomosis with the jejunum or duodenum. A description of each technique and revision of literature provides useful tools for clinical practice decisions.

Art Education and the Industrialization of Art

Nicholas Houghton 한국국제미술교육학회 2004 미술과 교육 Vol.5 No.2

A CLIMATOLOGY OF LARGE-SCALE NORTH PACIFIC CYCLONES AND THEIR PREDICTABILITY

David D. Houghton,Linda M. Keller,Michael C. Morgan 한국기상학회 2004 한국기상학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

Twenty-five years of reanalyzed observed 500 mb height and surface pressure data over the Northern Hemisphere were examined to investigate the flow sequences related to persistent largeamplitude 500mb trough patterns over the North Pacific. Time sequences for composites for such events were analyzed to determine the evolution and vertical structure for the onset and dissipation of these trough patterns and the associated anomaly fields elsewhere in the Northern Hemisphere. Precursors for onsets of these events were determined by adjoint-derived forecast sensitivity analysis. Global connections were identified for these North Pacific trough patterns and the primary precursors 36 hours before the onset of the anomaly were found to be upstream in the middle latitude jet flow.

Surgical management of the postoperative complications of hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery

Eduardo Javier Houghton,Juan Santiago Rubio 소화기인터벤션의학회 2022 International journal of gastrointestinal interven Vol.11 No.4

Gastrointestinal surgery is a vast field with many types of procedures, of which hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) operations are among the most frequently performed worldwide. Several complications of HPB surgery may occur. Most of these complications, such as wound infection, bleeding, abdominal wall eventrations, and intestinal obstruction, also occur with other procedures. This review analyzes surgical management-related complications associated with HPB surgery, including pancreatic fistula, bile leakage, biliary stenosis, and bile duct damage. Most of the complications of HPB surgery can be managed conservatively or with minimally invasive procedures. Nevertheless, surgical management still plays an important role.

Surgical management of the postoperative complications of hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery

Eduardo Javier Houghton,Juan Santiago Rubio 소화기인터벤션의학회 2022 Gastrointestinal Intervention Vol.11 No.4

Gastrointestinal surgery is a vast field with many types of procedures, of which hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) operations are among the most frequently performed worldwide. Several complications of HPB surgery may occur. Most of these complications, such as wound infection, bleeding, abdominal wall eventrations, and intestinal obstruction, also occur with other procedures. This review analyzes surgical management-related complications associated with HPB surgery, including pancreatic fistula, bile leakage, biliary stenosis, and bile duct damage. Most of the complications of HPB surgery can be managed conservatively or with minimally invasive procedures. Nevertheless, surgical management still plays an important role.

HEAT EXCHANGER/CATALYTIC SYSTEM FOR REDUCING THE EXHAUST EMISSIONS FROM DIESEL ENGINES

J. LUCAS,M. A. HOUGHTON,I. G. MAS 한국자동차공학회 2012 International journal of automotive technology Vol.13 No.6

A system has been researched over the past 3 years for reducing the exhaust pollutants from diesel engines for light commercial vehicles. The system researched achieves Euro 6 standards for reduction of polluting gases (CO, HC, PM, NO). It consists of 4 main sections: 1. A heater and heat exchanger (HE); 2. A CO/HC oxidising catalyst (DOC); 3. Pt catalyst on a diesel particulate filter (DPF); 4. A NO reducing reaction (SCR) within the DPF. The system operates as follows. The exhaust gas contains oxidising gases, namely both O2 and NO2. The levels of CO and HC are oxidised by O2 to CO2 for temperatures above 200oC. Carbon (PM) is oxidised to CO2 by NO2 but requires a temperature above 250oC. The operating exhaust temperature of 300oC is ideal for the removal of NO by using the Pt catalyst and the CO generated within the DPF, The heater is required to be able to raise the exhaust temperature at any time to 300oC in order to optimise the performance of the system, since diesel engine exhaust temperatures vary between 160oC (slow speeds) to 350oC (high speeds). Considerable heat is required (~3 kW) to maintain the exhaust gas for a 2l engine at 300oC for engine idle conditions. Therefore a heat exchanger is required to re-circulate the input heat and thereby reduce the maximum power consumption to a maximum of 500W over the engine full operating test cycle. This energy is supplied by the engine battery and alternator. Experimental results have been obtained for the exhaust from a Kubota diesel engine and the reductions in exhaust emissions of 83% (CO/ HC), 58% (NOx) and 99% (PM) were obtained. The PM was continuously cleaned so that there was no build up of back pressure.

What School Children Value about Craft and Why it is Important

Rachel Mason,Nicolas Houghton 한국국제미술교육학회 2001 미술과 교육 Vol.2 No.-