Surface modification of poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane with hydrophilic and anti-fouling performance via a two-step polymerization

Gui-E Chen,Li Sun,Zhen-Liang Xu,Hu Yang,Hui-Hong Huang,Yan-Jun Liu 한국화학공학회 2015 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.32 No.12

The surface modification of poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) membrane was performed via a two-step polymerization reactions. Poly (acrylic acid) (PAAc) was first grafted onto the membrane surface for the preparation of PVDF-g-PAAc membrane, and then poly (ethylene glycol) 200 (PEG 200) was immobilized on the membrane surface by the esterification reaction for the fabrication of PVDF-g-PEGA membrane. Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) FTIR, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and protein adsorption, water flux, water content and dynamic contact angle were conducted to characterize the structures and performance of the resultant PVDF membranes. The experimental results showed that the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on the PVDF-g-PEGA membrane decreased about 80% when the grafting ratio reached to 15 wt%, compared with the pristine PVDF membrane. Moreover, the water contact angle of the membrane dropped to 60.5o, while the membrane pore sizes remained little changed.

染和林白的小說意義

이우정,Li Gui-e 중국인문학회 2007 中國人文科學 Vol.0 No.36

陈染、林白은 중국의 신시기 페미니즘 문학을 대표하는 작가라 할 것이다 이들은 작품 속에서 도저히 감지해내기 어려운 여성만의 개인적인 경험의 자락을 독자에게 드러내 보임으로서 상당한 반향을 불러일으켰다. 특히 여성의 참된 자아에 대한 진지한 묘사와 세세한 경험적 차원의 소재를 발굴했다는 점에서 페미니즘 문학의 선구자적인 역할을 담당한다. 이들은 작품을 통하여 구름 위를 걸어가듯 우아한 자태로 남성 우월주의에 대한 거리감을 유지하였을 뿐 아니라 남성적인 문학의 언어와는 구별되는 나름대로 독특한 언어구사의 영역을 구축해냈다. 때문에 이들의 페미니즘 문학은 기존의 남성소설에 대한 철저한 반란이라고 할 수 있다. 여성의 신체적 감각과 여성성의 원초적 욕망에 대한 시적인 묘사를 통하여 이들 작품의 행간에는 강렬한 페미니즘이 넘쳐난다. 이들은 솔직하고 대담하게 여성의 신체적인 감각을 묘사함으로써 전통적인 문학의 주제 가운데 “解讀되어지는” 여성의 절대적인 위치를 변화시켰다. 그리고 이들이 구축한 여성성의 원초적 욕망에 대한 이야기는 여성의 의식과 여성의 언어와 요구에 따라 여성 “스스로의 이야기”를 탐구해낸 결과물인 것이다. 여성의 판타지에 대한 거듭된 또 세부적인 묘사에 집착하는 자연스러우면서도 유창한 소설 창작을 통해 이들은 전통적인 소설의 구성이나 격식에 과감히 반기를 들었다. 이들의 작품은 비록 한 여인의 독자적인 경험을 다루고는 있지만, 그 경험은 이 시대를 살아가는 여인들의 집단적인 생존경험임을 누구나 알 수 있다. 작가인 그들의 눈에 비친 개인의 전형적인 생존 경험이야말로 여인들의 총체적인 경험의 근원이기 때문이다.

Excellent anti-fouling performance of PVDF polymeric membrane modified by enhanced CaA gel-layer

Sun-Jie Xu,Gui-E Chena,Zhen-Liang Xu 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.58 No.-

Calcium alginate gel-layer polymeric membranes with excellent anti-fouling ability were developed viadip-coating method through sodium alginate and calcium chloride to form gel-layers onto differentpolyvinylidenefluoride membranes. SEM, FT-IR, DCA and mechanical properties were operated forcharacterization. Comprehensive investigation of anti-fouling ability including PWF, FRR%, long-termperformances with fouling resistances were conducted. Results showed a significant improvement aftercross-linking, in which recovery rate reached to 99.2% and kept steady while contact angle decreasedremarkably. Enhanced gel-layer with MWCNTs-COOH was also developed and applied in the commercialPVDF MF membrane and applied in fresh milk emulsion concentration.

Highly heat-resistant NF membrane modified by quinoxaline diamines for Li+ extraction from the brine

Huan-Yin Xie,Run-Hua Tang,Gui-E Chen,Zhen-Liang Xu,Haifang Mao 한국공업화학회 2022 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.112 No.-

The Functional layers with excellent heat-resistence nanofiltration (HRN) property were designed by fixingthermal stabilized quinoxaline diamines (QHDA) on poly (m-phenyleneisophthalamide) (PMIA) substratethrough interfacial polymerization. QHDA was used as aqueous monomer while cinnamoylchloride (CNC), isophthaloyl chloride (IPC) and trimesoyl chloride (TMC) were served as organic monomersto realize the immobilization of thermally stable N heterocycles. The experimental results statedclearly that the compact package reaction of QHDA with TMC lead a raise of thermal stability and saltsrejection at high temperature stream. With the optimal TMC and 0.5 wt.% QHDA, the as-developed membraneachieved the excellent NF performance and thermal stability. The rejection of MgSO4 reached to94.6 % at 30 C and hardly decrease at 90 C. The reduction in rejection was satisfactory at high temperatures. The functional layer still showed highly stability after 10 h long-term operation at 90 C with only2.8 % reduction in MgSO4 rejection. Besides, the excellent Mg2+ and poor Li+ rejection made this membranehave huge potential in the application of extracting Li+ from brine. The separation factor ofMg2+-Li+ at high temperature was satisfactory. Over all, this study offered a prospect technology toexploit heat-resistant membranes for extraction lithium at high temperature.

4분과 : 미래 기후변화 시나리오에 따른 우리나라 소나무 임부의 재적 추정

김문일 ( Moon Il Kim ),이우균 ( Woo Kyun Lee ),( Gui Shan Gui ),( Hang Nan Yu ),최솔이 ( Sol E Choi ),김창길 ( Chang Gil Kim ),권태성 한국임학회 2014 한국산림과학회지 Vol.103 No.1

본 연구는 우리나라 주요 수종인 소나무림을 대상으로 RCP(Representative Concentration Pathway)8.5 시나리오에 따른 임목 재적의 시·공간적 변이를 예측하기 위해 수행되었다. 전국 규모의 예측을 위해 5차임상도와 국가산림자원조사 자료를 이용하였으며, 기후와 공간의 변이가 임목 생장에 미치는 영향을 반영하기 위해 기상 및 지형인자를 반영한 생장모형을 적용하였다. 모형의 검증을 위해 시, 도별 산림통계와 모형 결과를 비교한 결과, 비교적 높은 적합도를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 기후변화를 고려하였을 때, 소나무림의 임분 재적은 현재 131 m3/ha에서2050년에는 212.42 m3/ha까지 증가 할 것으로 예측되었으며, 현재의 기후가 유지될 경우에는 221.92 m3/ha까지 증가할 것으로 예측되었다. 기후변화의 영향으로 인해 일부 고산지대를 제외한 대부분의 지역에서 소나무림의 생장률이감소할 것으로 예측되었으며, 특히 해안지역과 남부지역에서 생장률의 감소가 클 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 통해 기후변화가 소나무림 생장에 미치는 영향을 시·공간에 따라 정량화 할 수 있었으며, 이는 기후변화 적응을 고려한 산림관리 및 시업계획을 수립하는데 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것이다. The main purpose of this study is to measure spatio-temporal variation of forest tree volume basedon the RCP(Representative Concentration Pathway) 8.5 scenario, targeting on Pinus densiflora forests which is the main tree species in South Korea. To estimate nationwide scale, 5th forest type map and National Forest Inventory data were used. Also, to reflect the impact of change in place and climate on growth of forest trees, growth model reflecting the climate and topography features were applied. The result of the model validation, which compared the result of the model with the forest statistics of different cities and provinces, showed a high suitability. Considering the continuous climate change, volume of Pinus densiflora forest is predicted to increase from 131 m3/ha at present to 212.42 m3/ha in the year of 2050. If the climate maintains as the present, volumeis predicted to increase to 221.92 m3/ha. With the climate change, it is predicted that most of the region, except for some of the alpine region, will have a decrease in growth rate of Pinus densiflora forest. The growth rate of Pinus densiflora forest will have a greater decline, especially in the coastal area and the southern area. With the result of this study, it will be possible to quantify the effect of climate change on the growth of Pinusdensiflora forest according to spatio-temporal is possible. The result of the study can be useful in establishing the forest management practices, considering the adaptation of climate change.

Targeting Bcr–Abl by combining allosteric with ATP-binding-site inhibitors

Zhang, Jianming,Adriá,n, Francisco J.,Jahnke, Wolfgang,Cowan-Jacob, Sandra W.,Li, Allen G.,Iacob, Roxana E.,Sim, Taebo,Powers, John,Dierks, Christine,Sun, Fangxian,Guo, Gui-Rong,Ding, Qiang,Okra Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved 2010 Nature Vol.463 No.7280

In an effort to find new pharmacological modalities to overcome resistance to ATP-binding-site inhibitors of Bcr–Abl, we recently reported the discovery of GNF-2, a selective allosteric Bcr–Abl inhibitor. Here, using solution NMR, X-ray crystallography, mutagenesis and hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry, we show that GNF-2 binds to the myristate-binding site of Abl, leading to changes in the structural dynamics of the ATP-binding site. GNF-5, an analogue of GNF-2 with improved pharmacokinetic properties, when used in combination with the ATP-competitive inhibitors imatinib or nilotinib, suppressed the emergence of resistance mutations in vitro, displayed additive inhibitory activity in biochemical and cellular assays against T315I mutant human Bcr–Abl and displayed in vivo efficacy against this recalcitrant mutant in a murine bone-marrow transplantation model. These results show that therapeutically relevant inhibition of Bcr–Abl activity can be achieved with inhibitors that bind to the myristate-binding site and that combining allosteric and ATP-competitive inhibitors can overcome resistance to either agent alone.