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Safety Assessment and Botanical Standardization of an Edible Species from South America
Giseli Karenina Traesel,Camila Dias Machado,Cleide Adriane Signor Tirloni,Jacqueline Vergutz Menetrier,Francislaine Aparecida dos Reis Lı´vero,Emerson Luiz Botelho Lourenco,Silvia Aparecida Oesterreic 한국식품영양과학회 2017 Journal of medicinal food Vol.20 No.5
Tropaeolum majus L. (Tropaeolaceae), commonly known as nasturtium, is an important edible plant native to the Andean States and widely disseminated throughout South America. Despite the use of this species is quite widespread, there are no minimum quality control standards or data on its genotoxicity. So, the aim of this study was to present a detailed anatomical and histochemical study for Tropaeolum majus and provide genotoxicity parameters of a preparation routinely used in South American countries. First, three different Tropaeolum majus aqueous extracts (TMAEs) at concentrations of 1.5%, 7%, and 15% were prepared according to the popular use. Then, genetic toxicity of TMAE was evaluated on bacterial reverse mutation, genomic lesions, and micronucleus formation in male rats. Furthermore, a detailed anatomical and histochemical study of the leaves and stems of Tropaeolum majus were performed. No revertant colonies were found in any bacterial cultures examined. In the comet assay, TMAE showed no significant DNA damage in all tested doses. Micronucleus assay showed no significant increases in the frequency of inducing micronuclei in any dose examined. Light and electron microscope images of cross-section of leaves and stems from Tropaeolum majus revealed useful diagnostic features. The presented data showed significant safety parameters for the use of TMAE and provided important data for the quality control of this plant species.
Giseli Karenina Traesel,Flavio Henrique Souza de Araujo,Luis Henrique Almeida Castro,Fernando Freitas de Lima,Sara Emilia Lima Tolouei Menegati,Priscilla Narciso Justi,Candida Aparecida Leite Kassuya 한국식품영양과학회 2017 Journal of medicinal food Vol.20 No.8
Genotoxic data of medicinal plants and functional foods are required as part of the risk assessment by international regulatory agencies. Due to its food consumption and ethnopharmacological relevance, pequi oil (Caryocar brasiliense Camb.) is one of these compounds to be studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and clastogenic effects of the oil from the pulp of C. brasiliense (OPCB) in vivo and in vitro. Initially, the Artemia salina in vitro assay was conducted to determine the cells viability rate of different doses of the OPCB. Subsequently, comet assay (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, OECD 489) and micronucleus test (OECD 474) were performed in blood and bone marrow of Wistar rats treated orally with a 125, 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg/bw of the OPCB for 4 weeks. The chemical analysis indicated the presence of β-carotene and lycopene in the oil. In the A. salina test, all OPCB doses maintained cell viability rates statistically similar to the negative control. The in vivo tests performed showed that OPCB did not show significant genotoxic or clastogenic effects in cells analyzed with the four doses tested. Altogether, these results indicate that, under our experimental conditions, C. brasiliense fruit oil did not reveal genetic toxicity in rat cells.
André L.F. Souza,Adriana L. Invitti,Fabiane G.M. Rego,Rose A. Monteiro,Giseli Klassen,Emanuel M. Souza,Leda S. Chubatsu,Fábio O. Pedrosa,Liu U. Rigo 한국미생물학회 2010 The journal of microbiology Vol.48 No.1
The pathway of electron transport to nitrogenase in the endophytic β-Proteobacterium Herbaspirillum seropedicae has not been characterized. We have generated mutants in two nif-associated genes encoding putative ferredoxins, fdxA and fdxN. The fdxA gene is part of the operon nifHDKENXorf1orf2fdxAnifQmodABC and is transcribed from the nifH promoter, as revealed by lacZ gene fusion. The fdxN gene is probably cotranscribed with the nifB gene. Mutational analysis suggests that the FdxA protein is essential for maximum nitrogenase activity, since the nitrogenase activity of the fdxA mutant strain was reduced to about 30% of that of the wild-type strain. In addition, the fdxA mutation had no effect on the nitrogenase switch-off in response to ammonium. Nitrogenase activity of a mutant strain lacking the fdxN gene was completely abolished. This phenotype was reverted by complementation with fdxN expressed under lacZ promoter control. The results suggest that the products of both the fdxA and fdxN genes are probably involved in electron transfer during nitrogen fixation.
Gisely Paula Gomes,Douglas Mariani Zeffa,Leonel Vinicius Constantino,Viviane Yumi Baba,Federico Pomar,Rosana Rodrigues,Leandro S. A. Gonçalves 한국원예학회 2021 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.62 No.3
Capsicum baccatum is one of the main chili peppers cultivated in South America. However, most studies on genetics andbreeding have focused on C. annuum , and not C. baccatum . To gain more insights into C. baccatum genetics and breeding,this work estimated the combinatorial abilities of dedo-de-moça-type chili peppers ( C. baccatum var. pendulum ) in relationto morphoagronomic and biochemical traits, determined the genetic action involved in the expression of these traits, andidentifi ed the superior hybrid combinations. Crosses among the fi ve genotypes in a full diallel mating design resulted in 20F 1 hybrids. Morphoagronomic, phytochemical, and antioxidant data were obtained, and Griffi ng’s diallel model was usedto estimate the general and specifi c combining ability (GCA and SCA, respectively) as well as the reciprocal eff ect (RE). High diversity was observed for all traits among the parents and hybrids. Signifi cant eff ects of GCA, SCA, and RE werealso detected for the majority of traits, indicating that additive, non-additive, and cytoplasmic eff ects are involved in thegenetic control of these traits. The non-additive eff ects were predominant for most traits, and the ‘BRS Mari’ × ‘Mexicali’and ‘BRS Mari’ × ‘Hortivale’ hybrids were the most promising in terms of their yield per plant and their biochemical traits.