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Quantification of Saponins in Extractive Solution of Mate Leaves (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.)
Geraldo Ceni Coelho,Simone B. Gnoatto,Valquı´ria L. Bassani,Eloir Paulo Schenkel 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.2
Mate (Ilex paraguariensis A. St. Hil.) is a raw material used to prepare popular beverages in South America, whose healthy effects have been pointed out. The leaves and stems of mate contain a complex assemblage of saponins, mainly ursolic acid and oleanolic acid glycosides, and their quantification presents difficulties such as weak cromophorous sites and interference of other compounds. On the other hand, the sugar moieties are a chief character that distinguishes them. We developed and validated a high-performance liquid chromatography method using a refractometer detector for quantifying the major saponins in extractive solution of mate leaves. The validation indicates the suitability of the method, presenting linearity in the concentration range between 102.5 to 854.0μg/mL to matesaponin 1 and between 103.0 to 515.0μg/mL to matesaponin 3. The repeatability coefficient of variation was 4.70% and 6.61% for matesaponin 1 and matesaponin 3, respectively. The inter-day coefficient of variation was 6.77% and 7.79% for matesaponin 1 and matesaponin 3, respectively. The analysis of plants from Brazilian States Mato Grosso do Sul and Rio Grande do Sul showed the predominance of matesaponins 1, 2, and 3 in the corresponding extractive solution. The sum of these three saponins ranged between 3 and 10mg/g for mature leaves in the majority of sampled plants.
Regina Mambeli Barros,Geraldo Lúcio Tiago Filho,Ivan Felipe Silva dos Santos,Fernando das Graças Braga da Silva 한국유체기계학회 2015 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.8 No.1
This study aims to present a hydraulic transitory study as MOC applications for solving the Saint-Venant equations in two case studies: 1) in a penstock of a small hydropower system as a simple pipeline in the case of valve-closure in the downstream boundary with a reservoir in the upstream boundary; and 2) for discharge propagation into a channel by velocity and depth of the flow channel along space evaluation. The proposed methodology by Chaudry [5] concerning the development of hydrodynamic models was used. The obtained results for first and second case study has been confirmed that MOC numerical approach is useful for several engineering purposes, including cases of hydraulic transients and discharge propagation in hydraulic systems.
Barros, Regina Mambeli,Filho, Geraldo Lucio Tiago,dos Santos, Ivan Felipe Silva,da Silva, Fernando das Gracas Braga Korean Society for Fluid machinery 2015 International journal of fluid machinery and syste Vol.8 No.1
This study aims to present a hydraulic transitory study as MOC applications for solving the Saint-Venant equations in two case studies: 1) in a penstock of a small hydropower system as a simple pipeline in the case of valve-closure in the downstream boundary with a reservoir in the upstream boundary; and 2) for discharge propagation into a channel by velocity and depth of the flow channel along space evaluation. The proposed methodology by Chaudry [5] concerning the development of hydrodynamic models was used. The obtained results for first and second case study has been confirmed that MOC numerical approach is useful for several engineering purposes, including cases of hydraulic transients and discharge propagation in hydraulic systems.
Antidepressant-Like Activity of Sonchus oleraceus in Mouse Models of Immobility Tests
Fabiana Cardoso Vilela,Marina de Mesquita Padilha,Geraldo Alves-da-Silva,Roseli Soncini,Alexandre Giusti-Paiva 한국식품영양과학회 2010 Journal of medicinal food Vol.13 No.1
The aim of the present work is to evaluate the putative antidepressant-like effects of hydroethanolic and dichloromethanic extracts from the aerial parts of Sonchus oleraceus (Family Asteraceae) on the performance of male mice in the forced swimming test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) models predictive of depression. The hydroethanolic and dichloromethanic extracts, both in doses of 30, 100, and 300mg/kg, were orally administered 1 hour before carrying out the FST or the TST. The immobility time in both the FST and the TST was significantly reduced by acute oral treatment with the extracts (dose range, 100–300mg/kg), without accompanying changes in ambulation, as assessed in an open-field test. This excluded the possibility that the effect of the extracts is due to an activation of locomotion. The efficacy of the extracts was found to be comparable to that of amitriptyline (10mg/kg, p.o.). The present study provides evidence for an antidepressant-like effect of the active principle(s) present in the extracts of S. oleraceus in mice. Therefore, a standardized S. oleraceus extract or its purified constituents could be of potential interest for the treatment of depressive disorders.
Lucas Rabelo Crunivnel,Gregorio Sandro Vieira,Juliano Geraldo Ribeiro Neto 한국강구조학회 2021 International Journal of Steel Structures Vol.21 No.6
Due to the wide variety of cross-sections and their good mass/strength ratio, cold-formed steel (CFS) components are gaining prominence among steel structures, although this material is more susceptible to local, distortional, and global buckling. The design procedure based on the direct strength method (DSM) presented in some codes as the Brazilian, the American Iron and Steel Institute, and the Australia/New Zealand (AS/NZ), have been well accepted for estimating simply and safely the moment capacity of beams subject to distortional buckling. However, more recent studies show that DSM design can lead to unsafe moment capacity for beams with a high slenderness factor of distortional buckling. This study analyzes the results from 64 models developed using the fi nite element analyses (FEA) with the Abaqus software to determine the distortional moment capacity of CFS rack type beams. The selection of the specimens in which the distortional buckling mode is predominant (modal participation analysis) was performed through a linear stability analysis using the GBTul software. The nonlinear elastoplastic fi nite element model was created, including initial imperfections, and a parametric study was developed to investigate the infl uence of the slenderness factor of distortional buckling on CFS rack beams' moment capacity. The FEA results were compared with DSM results to verify the accuracy of this method to predict distortional moment capacity. It is shown that, for CFS rack beams subject to uniform bending and distortional buckling with slenderness factor of distortional buckling higher than 1.0, the DSM overestimates the moment capacity.
Improved time and frequency synchronization for dual‐polarization OFDM systems
José Luis Hinostroza Ninahuanca,Osmar Tormena Jr.,Luís Geraldo Pedroso Meloni 한국전자통신연구원 2021 ETRI Journal Vol.43 No.6
This article presents techniques for improved estimation of symbol timing offset (STO) and carrier frequency offset (CFO) for dual‐polarization (DP) orthogonal frequency division multiplex (DP‐OFDM) systems. Recently, quaternion multiple‐input multiple‐output OFDM has been proposed for high spectral efficiency communication systems, which can flexibly explore different types of diversities such as space, time, frequency, and polarization. This article focuses on synchronization techniques for DP‐OFDM systems using a cyclic prefix, where the application of quaternion algebra leads to new improved estimators. Simulations performed for DP system methods show faster reduction of STO estimator variance with a double‐slope line in the log‐variance line versus signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) plot compared with single‐polarization (SP) counterparts, and simulations for CFO estimates show a 3‐dB gain of DP over SP estimates for same SNR values defined, respectively, for quaternion‐valued or complex‐valued signals. Cramer–Rao bounds for STO and CFO are derived for the synchronization methods, correlating with the observed gains of DP over SP OFDM systems.
From Genome-Based In Silico Predictions to Ex Vivo Verification of Leprosy Diagnosis
Geluk, Annemieke,Spencer, John S.,Bobosha, Kidist,Pessolani, Maria C. V.,Pereira, Geraldo M. B.,Banu, Sayera,Honoré,, Nadine,Reece, Stephen T.,MacDonald, Murdo,Sapkota, Bishwa Raj,Ranjit, Chaman American Society for Microbiology 2009 CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY Vol.16 No.3
<B>ABSTRACT</B><P>The detection of hundreds of thousands of new cases of leprosy every year suggests that transmission of <I>Mycobacterium leprae</I> infection still continues. Unfortunately, tools for identification of asymptomatic disease and/or early-stage <I>M. leprae</I> infection (likely sources of transmission) are lacking. The recent identification of <I>M. leprae</I>-unique genes has allowed the analysis of human T-cell responses to novel <I>M. leprae</I> antigens. Antigens with the most-promising diagnostic potential were tested for their ability to induce cytokine secretion by using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from leprosy patients and controls in five different areas where leprosy is endemic; 246 individuals from Brazil, Nepal, Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Ethiopia were analyzed for gamma interferon responses to five recombinant proteins (ML1989, ML1990, ML2283, ML2346, and ML2567) and 22 synthetic peptides. Of these, the <I>M. leprae</I>-unique protein ML1989 was the most frequently recognized and ML2283 the most specific for <I>M. leprae</I> infection/exposure, as only a limited number of tuberculosis patients responded to this antigen. However, all proteins were recognized by a significant number of controls in areas of endemicity. T-cell responses correlated with in vitro response to <I>M. leprae</I>, suggesting that healthy controls in areas where leprosy is endemic are exposed to <I>M. leprae</I>. Importantly, 50% of the healthy household contacts and 59% of the controls in areas of endemicity had no detectable immunoglobulin M antibodies to <I>M. leprae</I>-specific PGL-I but responded in T-cell assays to ≥1 <I>M. leprae</I> protein. T-cell responses specific for leprosy patients and healthy household contacts were observed for ML2283- and ML0126-derived peptides, indicating that <I>M. leprae</I> peptides hold potential as diagnostic tools. Future work should concentrate on the development of a sensitive and field-friendly assay and identification of additional peptides and proteins that can induce <I>M. leprae</I>-specific T-cell responses.</P>
Comprehensive energy analysis of natural gas transportation in molecules or in electricity
Udaeta, Miguel E.M.,Rigolin, Pascoal H.C.,Burani, Geraldo F.,Galvao, Luiz C.R. Techno-Press 2014 Advances in energy research Vol.2 No.2
This paper's aim is to do a global evaluation (considering four dimensions: technical-economic, environmental, social and political) in the ways of natural gas transportation (gas pipelines, GNL and GTL) and electric transmission, in order to supply the energy demands of Mato Grosso do Sul, a brazilian state. The transport ways had been compared between itself using a software of decision taking (Decision Lens Suite), which determined a better way for transporting natural gas in this case. In a generalized manner the gas pipeline is the best way of transporting natural gas, therefore it takes advantage in the majority of the analyzed dimensions.