불량행위 청소년에 관한 사회 정신의학적 고찰 II

조동환,김정기,박영숙 메리놀병원 1997 메리놀病院論文集 Vol.7 No.-

영어 교육과의 교육 과정에 대한 연구

곽동기 부산여자대학교 교육과학연구소 1997 교육과학연구 Vol.- No.2

억양곡선의 운율적 특성에 대하여

곽동기 부산여자대학교 교육과학연구소 1997 교육과학연구 Vol.- No.2

AbstractThe English inotonational patterns which take the complex aspects due to their linguistic and nonlinguistic variables have been descrihbed in many ways. But Pierrehumnbert's generative analysis for the intonational patterns is more comprehensive approach which explains the intonation contours in terms of pitch accent, phrase accent, and boundary tone. The pitch accent is the most prominent element in the given scope. The phrase accent is realized at the end of phrase including the pitch accent, and it is the sign for intenmediate phrase boundary. The boundary tone is located at the ends of intonatioanl phrases. The three components of intonation contour theoretically make up the 24 pattern, `vhich is, the basis for the vaIious intonational patterns.Even the intonation contours in tenns of Pierrehumnbert's analysis, however, cannot be fu1ly explaine1 without the help of semantic and pragmatic information . So the focus structure can be one way to provide the broader explanation for the intonation contours. The topic and focus relation can be a good guide to define the meaning of intonation contours, The pitch accent allocated to the focus in the given phrase or sentence is related to new information. And the pragmatlc bases are needed to explain the various intonation contours, so the Pierrehumnbert& Hirschberg's explanation can be a good example of such cases, In addidion, the nonlinguistic factors such as length, tempo, the malfuntions of utterance can affect the intonation contours. Therefore the further research should be carried out to explain the intonatlon contours.

의미단위에 의한 읽기 지도방안

곽동기 신라대학교 교육과학연구소 1999 교육과학연구 Vol.- No.4

AbstractReading process is a productive activity through which a reader will catch the author's ideas with the help of his own background knowledge. It can help the students to improve the fluency of English in our situations in which there are not enough chances to meet native speakers.An experiment was performed to the 5 middle school students to know whether reading the texts by way of the sense units is effective or not. The sense unit was proposed by Selkirk to express the argument structure and modifying structure. The result of the experiment shows that reading through the sense units help the students to reduce the reading time, understand the given texts more precisely and feel comfortable.The informants also shows the tendencies that they usually read the given texts word by word, or with unsuitable phrasing if they are not controlled by the sense unit. That habit can be a factor to block the improvement of reading comprehension ability. So a careful instruction should be given to the learner to catch the meaning or the texts by way of sense units. In particular, learners should be guided to practice combining the given words to understand the modifying structures such as noun phrases and argument structure such as prepositional phrases.Reading comprehension ability can be affected by many factors such as learners' background knowledges, vocabulary, cohesion and syntactic structures. But a reading strategy can be focused on the sense units based on the syntactic structures which can be helpful to catch the meaning of the texts maximally regardless of learners' individual differences.

카드뮴의 血液內 ALAD 活性沮害作用에 對한 마늘의 抑制效果에 關한 試驗管內實驗

李東基,閔在基,車喆煥 고려대학교 의과대학 1985 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.22 No.1

It has been already reported through animal(albino rat) experiments that Korean garlic containing abundant amount of thiol compounds such as -SH and -S-S- radicals, has the effects of reducing heavy metals and consequently improving the histopathological changes 'in some organs in case of heavy metal poisoning with cadmium and mercury. However, the mechanism of such effects produced in human body by the garlic has yet to be revealed. The hypothesis of this study is that garlic may bind with cadmium and render cadmium inactive before producing toxic effects in tissues. Therefore. to examine the binding action of garlic with the heavy metal, cadmium, garlic extracts and garlic ingredient, allyldisulfide, were first mixed prior to reacting the mixture with various concentrations of cadmium in human blood specimens, in vitro, and activities of ALAD in blood were observed. The same procedure was done with penicillamine, a chelating agent used to treat heavy metal poisoning clinically, to compare with the effect of garlic. The results are as follows: 1. While the ALAD activities of 0.01, 0.05, 0.1 mMoles of cadmium in blood were 17~33% of the normal one, those of cadmium reacted with garlic extract were 33~68% of the normal one. Consequently, the latter showed 15~35% increase of activity. The data shows the possibility that some part of cadmium was inactivated by garlic, by the fact that the ALAD activity of 0.01 mMole cadmium and that of 0.1 mMole cadmium with garlic extract were nearly the same. 2. In case of allyldisulfide, the suppressive effect in the inhibitory action of cadmium on the ALAD activity in blood was also observed; the potency of effect was lower than that of garlic extract. 3. Compared with penicillamine, the effect of garlic was 1.2 times that of penicillamine, and that of allyldisulfide was similar to that of penicillamine.

우리말의 운율적 단위에 관하여

곽동기 新羅大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.28 No.-

Prosodic phonology is presented by Nespor and Vogel to explain the inconsistent mapping of morpho-syntax and phonology since there are some phono ogical phenomena which cannot be explained in terms of morpho-syntactic informations such is boundaries. They established the hierarchical prosodic units, that is, syllable, foot, phonologcal word, clitic group, phonological phrase, intonational phrase, utterance. Selkirk also propose the hierarchical prosodic structure similar to that of Nespor and Vogel. Some prosodic units should be established in Korean, too, since we can find the insufficiency of the morpho-syntactic information in the application of phonological rules. But syllable and phonological word are mainly discussed as the prosodic units in this paper. Syllabification is applied within the phonoloical word, obeying the Maximal Onset Principle, but resyllabification is applied across the phonological words. Resyllabification, however, has two phases: it is obligatory when the outer domain is phonological word, whereas, it is optional when the outer domain is phonological phrase. Syllable also provied the applicational domain of the phonological rules more consistently in the description of phonological rules such as Obstruent Neutralization and Consonant Cluster Reduction if syllable is used as the prosodic unit. The phonological word is not necessarily identical with syntactic terminal element. There can be two or more phonological words in compound. Some phonologcal rules can be formulated simplier without any boundary symbols or other devices when the phonological words provide the applicational domain of the phonological rules. This fact is comfirmed in the description of the phonological rules such as n-epenthesis rule, n-deletion rule. 1→n rule, and 1-insertion rule. Further studies about the other prosodic units should be done to prove the validity of the above suggestion since this paper deal with a small number of data.

중등학교 국어과 듣기평가의 자료개발에 관한 연구

박동규,신기태,신동일,송갑석,유상준 전주대학교 교육문제연구소 2000 敎育論叢 Vol.15 No.-

PEO가 첨가된 원형관 난류운동에서의 마찰저항 감소 측정

이동원,김신,현명택,천원기,이보안 濟州大學校 工科大學 産業技術硏究所 1998 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.9 No.2

The drag reduction by polymer additive is a well-known phenomenon and has been widely studied due to its high usefulness. In this study. in order to obtain the fundamental data on the drag reduction by polymer additive. we measured the friction factors in the polymer added turbulent flow through a circular pipe for Reynolds number ranging 10000∼50000. As Polymer additive, PEO (polyethylene oxide : molecular weight 4×10의 6제곱)was used. We also performed the experiments varying the concentration of PEO from 3 to 24 wppm to investigate the effect of the PEO concentration on the drag reduction. We observed more than 25% drag reduction under the above experimental conditions and the most effective drag reduction was found at 6 wppm (31% drag reduction).

수준별 영어과 수업에서의 학습지 모형에 관한 연구

곽동기,김영경 부산여자대학교 교육과학연구소 1998 교육과학연구 Vol.- No.3

영어오류음의 분석에 대하여

곽동기,손태정 부산여자대학교 교육과학연구소 1998 교육과학연구 Vol.- No.3

When learners acquire English as a second language or a foreign language, there are many pronunciation errors. In the contrastive analysis, the errors come from the difference of consonant and vowel system, the difference of syllable structures, and the difference of phonological rules. In this thesis the way of error analysis is carried out on the basis of Optimality Theory. In Optimality Theory, rules or constraints are violable and ranked, then the candidate which can best-satisfy the constraint hierarchy is selected. The optimal form, the best-satisfying candidate, for Korean learners may be an incorrect pronunciation for native speakers. Korean phonological rule hierarchy intervene English phonological rule hierarchy. The disturbance of rule hierarchy is the cause of pronunciation errors. Errors which are related the Cluster Condition, Nasalization, Vocalization, Tensification, Palatalization, Aspiration, and Hiatus Avoidance are analyzed. The larger part of analysis is focused on the Cluster Condition that prevents consonant cluster on a syllable onset and coda. Korean learners pronounce consonant cluster with ??-epenthesis. For reduction of pronunciation errors related with consonant cluster, I recommend to use fifteen century consonant cluster to English teachers. In case of errors related with Nasalization, Vocalization, Tensification, Korean learners lose nasality, and vocality feature In Palatalization, they insert 'n' and in Hiatus Avoidance they insert 'y' when they pronounce. In Aspiration they lose 'h' and add aspiration feature to the neighboring segment. And in this thesis, the replacement of some phonemes are not explained such as replacing /??/ with /우/ , /??/ with /이/, /??/ with /ㅅ/, /??/ with /ㄷ/.