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강유전체 Pb(Zr_0.5₂ Ti_0.₄8)O₃박막의 성장 및 물리적 성질
표윤숙,김두회,이장기,김상수 昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2000 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.12 No.-
Ferroelectric Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3(PZT) thin films coated on Si(100), SiO2/Si(100), Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) and ITO/glass substrates were perpared by sol-gel processing of metal alkoxide solutions and solvents. The XRD investigation shows that the tetragonal phase of polycrystalline PZT was formed by more than four times coating of the concentrated solution and by the heat treatment over 600℃. It was found by SEM that the thin film had an average thickness of about 900Å/coating and surfaces were crack-free and uniform. Capacitance and dielectric loss (tan δ) of PZT thin film were amounted to 0~30nF and 0.05∼20 in the region of 1 kHz ∼ 10 MHz respectively. From the hysteresis loops of PZT/Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) and PZT/ITO/glass thin films, a remnant polarization of 0.2573 μC/cm2, 0.1873 μC/cm2 and a coercive field of 27.78 kV/cm, 24.44 kV/cm were obtained respectively. The band gap energy, refractive index, and extinction coefficient at λ =6235Å of the PZT thin films were 3.74 eV, 1.81 and 0.048 respectively.
LiNbO₃결정내의 [Li]/[Nb] 성분비에 따른 물성 변화
김상수,김두회 昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1997 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.9 No.-
A series of LiNbO₃single crystals with different [Li]/[Nb] ratios from melts having compositions varing between 48.6∼58.0 mol % Li₂O and a congruent melt with the addition of 6 wt. % K₂O were grown by the Czochralski method. A vapor transport equilibration(VTE) technique has been used to improve the homogeneity and adjust the [Li]/[Nb] ratio. These were investigated by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance(EPR), UV-and IR-spectrophotometry. The characteristics of the EPR spectra depend on the crystal field at the ?? sites, which in turn are influenced by the composition. In the VTE single crystal only the allowed transition takes place, having a very narrow width and symmetrical shape. The position of the fundamental absorption edge of LiNbO₃is a sensitive indicator for the [Li]/[Nb] composition of the single crystal. A pronounced blue shift occurs if the Li content rises. The decompositiom of the ?? vibrational bands using a Gaussian line shape function showed that in Li-dificient crystal the absorption bands consist of five(3465.9, 3469.5, 3480.8, 3489.4, 3500.6 ??) components in contrast to more or less perfect stoichiometric crystals which reveal to three(3465.8, 3469.7, 3481.1 ㎝??) components. When equilibrated which a Li-rich powder(65 mol % Li₂O), containing a mixture of LiNbO₃and Li₃NbO₄, crystal of nearly stoichiometric composition can be obtained.
주개 이온을 첨가한 강유전체 Bi₄Ti₃O_12(BIT) 박막의 특성
최은경,박문흠,김두회,구영건,김상수 昌原大學校 基礎科學硏究所 2001 基礎科學硏究所論文集 Vol.13 No.-
Bismuth layered structure ferroelectric thin films, BIT and donor (V, Nb and W) doped BIT, were prepared on the Pt/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by sol-gel method. BIT film was characterized by strong c-axis prepared orientation. In the case of donor doped BIT thin films, the degree of c-axis prepared orientation decreased systematically V-BIT→W-BIT→Nb-BIT and Nb-BIT film was shown random orientation. Surface morphologies of BIT and V-BIT films had a plate-like and Nb-BIT and W-BIT had a mixture of plate-like and rod-like. In the results of ferroelectric hysteresis loops, the remanent polarization (2Pr) of random-oriented Nb-BIT capacitor was 26 μC/cm2, and this value was over two times higher than that of 12 μC/cm2 for BIT capacitor. The polarization fatigue up to 4.5×1010 read/write switching cycles of W-BIT capacitor was shown superior to the other capacitors. The polarization of the W-BIT capacitor decreased only 10% of the initial value after 4.5×1010 switching cycles.
최두희(Du-Hoi Choi),성좌경(Jwa-Kyung Sung),이상민(Sang-Min Lee),이용환(Yong-Hwan Lee),김종문(Jong-Mun Kim),정정아(Jung-Ah Jung),송범현(Beom-Heon Song) 한국토양비료학회 2008 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.41 No.3
본 연구는 유기농 시설재배지 고추의 후기양분공급을 위한 유기자원을 선발하고 시용효과를 알아보기 위하여 유기자원의 양분특성과 선발유기자원의 액비화 과정 중 질소용출양상 및 작물에 대한 효과를 조사하였다. 주요 유기자원 중 글루텐을 제외한 대두박, 유채박, 면실박 및 해바라기박 등 박류에서 높은 질소 함량을 나타냈다. 활용성이 높고 구입이 용이한 유기 자원(쌀겨, 유채박, 피마자박, 대두박)을 액비화하기 위하여 당밀액과 요쿠르트(Lactobacillus bifidus)를 혼합하여 총 질소함량을 분석한 결과 유채박과 요쿠르트를 혼합·액비화 하였을 때 약 3,000 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>로 나타났다. 선발된 액비의 시용효과를 알아보고자 고추 정식 후 30일부터 토양관주 또는 엽면시비를 하였다. 정식 후 150일에 조사한 엽중 총 질소함량은 엽면시비(4.4%)에서 가장 높았으나, 지상부 건물중과 총 생과중은 토양관주에서 가장 높아 화학비료 또는 유기 농가 관행보다 우수하였다. This study was conducted to select some effective organic materials for supplying mineral nutrients at the later red-pepper growing period under organic farming system, and to evaluate the application effect. Nutritional characteristics of organic materials, nitrogen release pattern during liquefying the selected organic materials, and crop growth were examined. Among 18 organic materials, meals such as soybean, rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed except for gluten had greater nitrogen content. Total nitrogen content liquefied solution of the mixture of organic materials and molasses or yogurt was measured after 7 days of the liquefying, thereafter, the mixture of rapeseed meal and yogurt showed the highest nitrogen, reaching about 3,000 mg L<SUP>-1</SUP>. Selected liquid manure, mixture of rapeseed meal and yogurt, was applied 8 times to red-pepper plants with fertigation or foliar application. Total nitrogen of leaves at 150 days after transplanting was the highest (4.4%) in the treatment of foliar application of the selected liquid manure, whereas shoot dry weight and fresh fruit yield were the greatest in the treatment of fertigation.
최두회(Du-Hoi Choi),이상민(Sang-Min Lee),김승환(seung-Hwan Kim),윤홍배(Hong-Bae Yoon),엄명호(Myung-Ho Um) 유기성자원학회 2001 유기물자원화 Vol.9 No.4
유기 자연농법 실천농가기술에 대한 객관적인 평가를 위해 이들 농법 실천농가에 대해 실태조사 및 현지 포장에서 작물재배 시험을 실시한결과, 다음과같다 유기 자연농법 실천농가의 토양화학성은일반토양보다 pH가높았으며 , 인산, 칼숨함량이 많았고, 특히 유기농법실천농가의 유기물함량이 높았으며 , 작물별 소득은 시설고추〉시설오이 〉과수(배) )상추〉벼 순이었다. 유기 자연농법 농가에서 사용되고 있는 농자재 는 22~25종이었고 이들 자재의 화학적 특성은 pH가 낮고 비 료성분함량이 적었으며 자재에 소요되는 경비는 토양 검정 +최소방제보다 3 ~5배 높았다. 유기 , 자연농법 재배에 의한 작물 수량은 토양검정 + 최소방제구보다 낮았으며, 농약대체 활용자재 시용에 의한 병충해 방제효과는 적었다 유기 자연농법구 모두 화학비료를 사용하고 있었으며 시험 후 토양의 화학성은 토양검정구보다 유기 자연농법구에서 가축분퇴비 시용에 의해 유기 물 및 인산,칼리,석회 함량이 높았다. 1n order to evluate me effectiveness of me organic and narural farming rechniques, me acrual conditions of me rechniques were surveyed and some crops were cultivated in siru. The contents of available P,Os, exchangeable Caι and organic matter of me organic and natal farming soil as well as soil pH were higher than mose of me non-organic and non-narural farming soil, and especially me coment of organic matter amouming 54.0 g/kg was dominam. 1ncome of me farmers cultivating me different crops wim me organic and natural farming was high in order of red pepper in vinyl house > cucumber in vinyl house > fruit(pear) > lettuce in vinyl house >rice. The agriculrural materials used in organic narural fàrming were ranged from 22 to 25 ands, representing low pH amoumed from 2.9 to 4.5 and low comems of fertilizer ingrediems. The expense for purchasing me materials was from mree to fìve rimes higher than thar of soil testing plot. The yields of resr crops in the organlc and narural farming plors were lower man mose of soil resring plor, and the efficiencies of me disease and pesr control by me application of me subsrimres for pesticide were lower than mose by pesticides