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Conor James Craig Gouk,Ryan Mark Shulman,Craig Buchan,Michael John Evan Thomas,Fraser James Taylor 대한정형외과학회 2019 Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery Vol.11 No.2
Background: Massive retracted rotator cuff tears represent a therapeutic dilemma, particularly in the young and middle-aged patients who are not appropriate for a reverse total shoulder replacement. Interposition grafting using human dermal allograft offers an alternative treatment. Methods: A retrospective review of all patients who underwent interposition grafting using human dermal allograft between December 2013 and May 2015 for massive rotator cuff tears at our tertiary referral center was performed. Preoperative and 6 month postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessments were performed in all patients, with postoperative graft integrity being the primary outcome measure. Clinical evaluation was performed using the Oxford shoulder score, Constant score, and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) score. Results: The mean age at the time of follow-up was 54 years. On MRI, 84% of grafts were seen to have failed at 6 months. Strength was grossly reduced on the operative side when supraspinatus and subscapularis were tested; despite this, Constant score (mean, 48.2) was comparable to that in the previous reports. DASH and Oxford scores were a mean of 24.94 and 37.16, respectively. Conclusions: Based on these results, in particular the MRI findings, we cannot advocate the use of dermal allograft as an interposition graft for the repair of massive rotator cuff tears.
The Tenth Commandment, René Girard, And the Good Neighborhood of Hebrew Wisdom
Craig G. Bartholomew(크레이그 바돌로뮤) 한국신학정보연구원 2015 Canon&Culture Vol.9 No.2
이 논문은 십계명의 열 번째 계명과 잠언서의 지혜 사이에 공존하는 욕망(desire)과 관계되는 부분의 연구를 통해 구약의 지혜서에서 나타난 욕망의 역할을 탐구한다. 열 번째 계명이 십계명의 정신(ethos)중 가장 핵심적인 부분이라는 것과 잠언서는 소위 “갈망의 학파”(a school of desire)라는 주장이 있다. 이에 필자는 르네 지라르(René Girard)의 “모방적 욕망”(mimetic desire)의 영향력 있는 이론에 근거하여 잠언서가 소위 “욕망”을 제한하고 규제하려는 관심에 있어서 특히 오늘날에 흔히 인식되는 것보다 더 큰 사회적인 중요성이 있다는 것을 주장하려 한다. 아울러 이 고찰은 십계명과 구약의 지혜서가 공유하는 가치 체계에 대한 이해를 돕는다. This article explores the role of desire in OT wisdom through an examination of the common ground in desire between the tenth commandment and wisdom in Proverbs. It argues that the tenth commandment is of central importance to the ethos of the Decalogue as a whole and that Proverbs is similarly a school of desire. Following the seminal work of René Girard on mimetic desire, I propose that Proverbs’ concern to constrain and direct desire is of far great societal importance, not least for today, than is often recognized. In the process, light is cast on the system of values that the Ten Commandments and OT wisdom share in common.
Consequence of Regional Trade Agreements to Developing Countries
( Craig R Macphee ),( Wanasin Sattayanuwat ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2014 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.29 No.1
We investigate the effects of 12 major Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) on intra- and extra-regional trade flows in member developing countries, both intra-RTA trade and the effect of RTAs on non-member trade over 1981~2008. We address and resolve statistical problems caused by logarithms, zero observations, and heteroskedasticity. Our regression results are not favorable to regional integration as a substitute for multilateral trade liberalization, although there are exceptions. Several RTAs fail to generate intrabloc trade creation. Seven of the 12 RTAs generate import trade diversion while most of the extra-bloc export dummies are not statistically significant. However, three of the five African RTAs in the sample increased intra-bloc trade. The differences in RTA performances are related to their implementation policies.
A Literature Review of Risk-sharing Agreements
Craig A. Hunter,John Glasspool,Rebecca Singer Cohen,Abdulkadir Keskinaslan 한국보건사회약료경영학회 2010 한국보건사회약료경영학회지 Vol.2 No.1
Objective: To summarize and analyze the available literature around risk-sharing agreements and related concepts. Summary: As both payers and manufactures continue to try and maximize the value of new pharmaceutical technologies, it has become increasingly clear that the previous methods of in-market evidence generation and review have been insufficient, proving to be too costly, time consuming, and removed from real-world aspects of treatment. To counter these limitations, risk-sharing agreements have been proposed as a way to develop evidence for the market (once safety is proven) while still offering incentives to manufactures to continually develop new technology. Manufacturers can use the agreements to first get covered within a market, and then to build trust and good faith in their products with payers by proving their therapeutic value via real-world evidence collection. This literature review summarizes the available literature on the topic of risk-sharing agreements and provides key examples of agreements that were previously signed.
Craig W. Schneider,Elisabeth N. Cianciola,Thea R. Popolizio,Dylan S. Spagnuolo,Christopher E. Lane 한국조류학회I 2015 ALGAE Vol.30 No.1
Bermuda; Centroceras spp.; C. arcii sp. nov.; C. illaqueans sp. nov.; Ceramiaceae; COI-5P; rbcL; Rhodophyta
Craig W. Schneider,D. Wilson Freshwater2,Gary W. Saunders 한국조류학회I 2012 ALGAE Vol.27 No.2
Using genetic sequencing (COI-5P, LSU, rbcL) to elucidate their phylogenetic positions and then morphological characters to distinguish each from existing species, three procumbent species, including two novel species, from warm temperate Northern Hemisphere waters are added to the recently resurrected genus Halopeltis J. Agardh: H. adnata (Okamura) comb. nov. from Korea, H. pellucida sp. nov. from Bermuda and H. willisii sp. nov. from North Carolina, USA. Prior to these reports, the genus was confined to the Southern Hemisphere and tropical equatorial waters of the Northern Hemisphere although the latter records lack molecular confirmation. These three additional species join the six known species presently residing in Halopeltis.
Craig Basman,Caroline Ong,Tikal Kansara,Zain Kassam,Caleb Wutawunashe,Jennifer Conroy,Arber Kodra,Biana Trost,Priti Mehla,Luigi Pirelli,Jacob Scheinerman,Varinder P Singh,Chad A Kliger 한국심초음파학회 2023 Journal of Cardiovascular Imaging (J Cardiovasc Im Vol.31 No.1
BACKGROUND: Three-dimensional (3D) transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of degenerative mitral regurgitation (dMR) and preoperative planning for transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVr). TEE is an invasive modality requiring anesthesia and esophageal intubation. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic has limited the number of elective invasive procedures. Multi-detector computed tomographic angiography (MDCT) provides high-resolution images and 3D reconstructions to assess complex mitral anatomy. We hypothesized that MDCT would reveal similar information to TEE relevant to TMVr, thus deferring the need for a preoperative TEE in certain situations like during a pandemic. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed data on patients who underwent or were evaluated for TMVr for dMR with preoperative MDCT and TEE between 2017 and 2019. Two TEE and 2 MDCT readers, blinded to patient outcome, analyzed: leaflet pathology (flail, degenerative, mixed), leaflet location, mitral valve area (MVA), flail width/gap, anterior-posterior (AP) and commissural diameters, posterior leaflet length, leaflet thickness, presence of mitral valve cleft and degree of mitral annular calcification (MAC). RESULTS: A total of 22 (out of 87) patients had preoperative MDCT. MDCT correctly identified the leaflet pathology in 77% (17/22), flail leaflet in 91% (10/11), MAC degree in 91% (10/11) and the dysfunctional leaflet location in 95% (21/22) of patients. There were no differences in the measurements for MVA, flail width, commissural or AP diameter, posterior leaflet length, and leaflet thickness. MDCT overestimated the measurements of flail gap. CONCLUSIONS: For preoperative TMVr planning, MDCT provided similar measurements to TEE in our study.
STOP5: a hot debrief model for resuscitation cases in the emergency department
Craig Andrew Walker,Laura McGregor,Cameron Taylor,Sara Robinson 대한응급의학회 2020 Clinical and Experimental Emergency Medicine Vol.7 No.4
Objective Team-based resuscitation in emergency departments (EDs) is an excellent opportunity for hot debriefs (HDBs). In creating a bespoke HDB model for emergency medicine resuscitations, we sought to optimize learning from clinical experience, identify team strengths, challenges, encourage honest reflection and focus on ways of improving future performance. Methods Multidisciplinary ED focus groups reviewed existing models, identified benefits/barriers and created new frame works, testing and adapting further using fottage of a simulated complex resuscitation case. The new HDB tool was coined: “STOP5” (STOP for 5 minutes). Cases targeted were prehospital retrievals, major trauma, cardiac arrests, deaths in resuscitation, and staff-triggered. The framework details included a specifically scripted introduction followed by core elements that were S: summarize the case; T: things that went well; O: opportunities to improve; P: points to action and responsibilities. Staffs were surveyed at 1 month prior then 6 and 18 months post-introduction. Data collection forms were used to identify and track hard outcomes/system improvements resulting directly from HDBs. Results Potential benefits identified by respondents included: improved staff morale; team cohesion; improved care for future patients; promoting a culture for learning, patient safety and quality improvement. Ten process and equipment changes resulted directly from STOP5 over 12 months. Conclusion We anticipate the STOP5 framework to be globally generalizable and effective for many ED teams.