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Sperm maturation screening and the effect of ecdysone on sperm development of silkworm Bombyx mori
Cheng Hao,Wang Yanyan,Chang Meiling,Zhang Kun,Cai Zhiyan,Qian Yuxin,Li Dandan 한국응용곤충학회 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.25 No.2
There are two sperm morphs of silkworm, the nucleated spermatozoa (eupyrene) and anucleated spermatozoa (apyrene). Eupyrene sperm cannot complete fertilization successfully without the apyrene sperm. Here a modified rapid and efficient method for sperm identification was developed, after 10 s of fixation in para formaldehyde and 30 s of 4 ′ 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) or propidium Iodide (PI) staining, the sperm bundles can be detected easily using a fluorescence microscope. Sperm maturation process of silkworm from the fifth instar larvae to the adult was described with the above method, the precise time of earliest elongate apyrene bundles was detected on day 2 of pre-pupation, with a ratio of 5% in total sperm bundles, after which the percentage of apyrene sperm bundles increased rapidly and attained a relatively stable ratio of 75% at the end of pupation and nearly 80% after eclosion. Delayed mating leads to apyrene sperm accumulation and damaged fertilization. Previous study showed that ecdysone can increase the frequency of apyrene sperm bundles in vitro. Here 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E) was injected into hemolymph of the 2-d-old fifth instar larvae, the worms entered into mounting period after three days injection, but no apyrene sperm bundles were induced unless day 2 of pre-pupation. Interestingly, maturation of eupyrene sperm bundles were accelerated, and the ratio of eupyrene sperm bundles increased and exhibited a dose-dependent effect after 20E injection, which indicated that the development of eupyrene sperm can be accelerated by ecdysone before pupation of silkworm in vivo. These results will provide new clues for lepidopteran pest control.
A Novel Family of Biodegradable Poly(ester amide) Elastomers
Cheng, Hao,Hill, Paulina S.,Siegwart, Daniel J.,Vacanti, Nathaniel,Lytton‐,Jean, Abigail K. R.,Cho, Seung‐,Woo,Ye, Anne,Langer, Robert,Anderson, Daniel G. WILEY‐VCH Verlag 2011 ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol.23 No.12
<P><B>Biodegradable elastomeric materials</B> have particular utility in tissue engineering applications because their compliance under force closely resembles the elastic nature of many human tissues. A family of biodegradable poly(ester amide) elastomers were developed, with excellent elasticity under hydrated conditions, good in vivo biocompatibility and a slow degradation rate. This study sheds light on the structure‐property relationship behind designing biodegradable elastomeric materials. </P>
A New Variational Bayesian-based Kalman Filter with Random Measurement Delay and Non-Gaussian Noises
Chenghao Shan,Weidong Zhou,Hanyu Shan,Lu Liu 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2022 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.20 No.8
To improve the estimation accuracy of the Kalman filter in the scenario of random measurement delay and non-Gaussian process and measurement noises, a new variational Bayesian (VB)-based Kalman filter is proposed in this paper. First, the state expansion method and Bernoulli random variable (BRV) are utilized to characterize random measurement delay. Second, the one-step predicted probability density function (PDF) and measurement noise vectors are modeled as Student’s t (ST) distributions. Third, the likelihood function of two ST distributions is converted from a weighted sum to an exponential product to establish a hierarchical Gaussian state space model (HGSSM). Finally, the system state, BRV and intermediate random variables (IRV) are simultaneously estimated using the variational Bayesian (VB) method. Simulation experiment results indicate that the proposed filter has superior estimation performance to current filters to address the filtering problem of random measurement delay and non-Gaussian process and measurement noises.
Research on AI Painting Generation Technology Based on the [Stable Diffusion]
Chenghao Wang,Jeanhun Chung The Institute of Internet 2023 International journal of advanced smart convergenc Vol.12 No.2
With the rapid development of deep learning and artificial intelligence, generative models have achieved remarkable success in the field of image generation. By combining the stable diffusion method with Web UI technology, a novel solution is provided for the application of AI painting generation. The application prospects of this technology are very broad and can be applied to multiple fields, such as digital art, concept design, game development, and more. Furthermore, the platform based on Web UI facilitates user operations, making the technology more easily applicable to practical scenarios. This paper introduces the basic principles of Stable Diffusion Web UI technology. This technique utilizes the stability of diffusion processes to improve the output quality of generative models. By gradually introducing noise during the generation process, the model can generate smoother and more coherent images. Additionally, the analysis of different model types and applications within Stable Diffusion Web UI provides creators with a more comprehensive understanding, offering valuable insights for fields such as artistic creation and design.
Relationship between Aiming Patterns and Scores in Archery Shooting
( Chenghao Quan ),( Sangmin Lee ) 한국운동역학회 2016 한국운동역학회지 Vol.26 No.4
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between aiming patterns and scores in archery shooting. Method: Four (N = 4) elementary-level archers from middle school participated in this study. Aiming pattern was defined by averaged acceleration data measured from accelerometers attached on the body during the aiming phase in archery shooting. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to test whether a model incorporating aiming patterns from all nine accelerometers could predict the scores. In order to extract period of interest (POI) data from raw data, a Dynamic Time Warping (DTW)-based extraction method was presented. Results: Regression models for all four subjects are conducted with different significance levels and variables. The significance levels of the regression models are 0.12%, 1.61%, 0.55%, and 0.4% respectively; the R<sup>2</sup> of the regression models is 64.04%, 27.93%, 72.02%, and 45.62% respectively; and the maximum significance levels of parameters in the regression models are 1.26%, 4.58%, 5.1%, and 4.98% respectively. Conclusion: Our results indicated that the relationship between aiming patterns and scores was described by a regression model. Analysis of the significance levels, variables, and parameters of the regression model showed that our approach - regression analysis with DTW - is an effective way to raise scores in archery shooting.
Researching Visual Immersion Elements in VR Game <Half-Life: Alyx>
Chenghao Wang,Jeanhun Chung 한국인터넷방송통신학회 2023 International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting an Vol.15 No.2
With the development of VR technology, the visual immersion of VR games has been greatly enhanced nowadays. There has been an issue that has been troubling players in previous VR games, which is motion sickness. Therefore, VR games have been limited in terms of game mechanics, game duration, and game scale, greatly reducing the immersive experience of visual immersion. However, <Half-Life: Alyx> is different from previous VR games in that players can actually perform spatial displacement in the game scene, rather than being fixed in one place for 360-degree observation and interaction. At the same time, compared to traditional games, VR games no longer need to rely on screens, and the complete visual immersion enhances the fun and playability of the game. This research focuses on the VR game <Half-Life: Alyx> to explore its immersive factors in terms of visual perception. Through in-depth analysis of elements such as color, texture mapping, lighting, etc. in VR games, it was found that the game creates a strong sense of visual immersion in these aspects. Through analysis, it is helpful to gain a deeper understanding of the factors that contribute to visual immersion in VR games, which has certain reference value for game developers and related professionals.
Relationship between Aiming Patterns and Scores in Archery Shooting
Quan, ChengHao,Lee, Sangmin Korean Society of Sport Biomechanics 2016 한국운동역학회지 Vol.26 No.4
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between aiming patterns and scores in archery shooting. Method: Four (N = 4) elementary-level archers from middle school participated in this study. Aiming pattern was defined by averaged acceleration data measured from accelerometers attached on the body during the aiming phase in archery shooting. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to test whether a model incorporating aiming patterns from all nine accelerometers could predict the scores. In order to extract period of interest (POI) data from raw data, a Dynamic Time Warping (DTW)-based extraction method was presented. Results: Regression models for all four subjects are conducted with different significance levels and variables. The significance levels of the regression models are 0.12%, 1.61%, 0.55%, and 0.4% respectively; the $R^2$ of the regression models is 64.04%, 27.93%, 72.02%, and 45.62% respectively; and the maximum significance levels of parameters in the regression models are 1.26%, 4.58%, 5.1%, and 4.98% respectively. Conclusion: Our results indicated that the relationship between aiming patterns and scores was described by a regression model. Analysis of the significance levels, variables, and parameters of the regression model showed that our approach - regression analysis with DTW - is an effective way to raise scores in archery shooting.