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Ginkgo biloba Administered Singly and Combined With Antioxidants in Tinnitus Patients
Chauhan Bhushan,Arya Shantanu,Chauhan Komal 대한청각학회 2023 Journal of Audiology & Otology Vol.27 No.1
Background and Objectives: Tinnitus, or ear ringing, involves impulsive and spontaneous activity in the auditory neurons. Its prevalence is high in the elderly, but 10%–15% of adults suffer from tinnitus, affecting their quality of life. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> administered singly and in combination with antioxidants in tinnitus patients.Subjects and Methods: Patients were randomly allocated to Placebo (T0, n=22), Treatment 1 (T1, n=24), and Treatment 2 (T2, n=23) groups. The patients were educated on the study’s methodology and were instructed to visit at 0, 4, 8, 12, and 14 weeks. The placebo group received starch capsule supplements. Conversely, the treatment groups received <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> (60 mg twice a day) singly and in combination with antioxidants. We enrolled 69 patients aged 40–70 years (41 men, 28 women). The Tinnitus Handicap Index (THI), Visual Analogue Score (VAS), and Short Form 36 (SF-36) Health Scores were determined pre- and post-treatment at each visit.Results: Supplementation of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>, along with antioxidants, provided marked improvement (<i>p</i><0.05) in post-treatment THI and VAS scores in the T2 group compared to those in the T1 and T0 groups. The greatest (<i>p</i><0.05) percent difference was observed in the pre- and post-treatment THI (-36%) and VAS scores (-22.6%) of T2 patients. Likewise, the SF-36 scores improved significantly (<i>p</i><0.05) in the T2 group in varied parameters.Conclusions: <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>, along with antioxidants, can be a promising therapy for tinnitus patients, providing marked improvement in THI, VAS, and SF-36 scores.
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Soluble expression of horseradish peroxidase in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and its facile activation
Chauhan, Sushma,Kang, Taek Jin Elsevier 2018 Journal of bioscience and bioengineering Vol.126 No.4
<P>Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) is widely used as a marker enzyme in immunoassays and biosensors, and can possibly be used in industries such as waste water treatments or fine chemical synthesis. Cost-effective production of active HRP is thus very important in the related fields. Also, engineering of HRP for its better performance in the designated application is expected to make the enzyme even more important in several areas of research and industry. One of obstacles to this end and to the large scale production of the enzyme has been its facile expression in a bacterial host. Here we show that HRP could be overexpressed as a soluble form by fusing the enzyme with <I>Escherichia coli</I> phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK). After simple incubation with calcium ion, hemin, and oxidized glutathione, PGK-HRP could be fully activated showing a higher molar specific activity than plant-derived HRP. Our established procedure did not use tedious and inefficient refolding steps that have been used to activate HRP produced as inclusion bodies and thus is superior in its overall yield (>72 mg purified HRP conjugate per L culture) to existing methods. By co-expressing PGK-HRP with ferrochelatase in a special host that permitted the formation of disulfide bonds in the cytoplasm, the activation steps could be simplified even though the resulting specific activity was low.</P>
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Role of Devnagari and Persian Script in Hindi-Urdu Controversy
Chauhan Karan Singh 한국인도학회 2011 印度硏究 Vol.16 No.2
Controversy regarding the language of the so-called ‘Hindustani’ area has been an important issue throughout British period which engulfed the Indian freedom movement. Hindi or ‘Hindui’ was the original form adopted and mentioned as such by the earliest of writers of Hindi. Later, word Urdu came into use to denote the same language called Hindi or Hindui, but with a Persian tilt. The common people continued to regard both forms as one language. Due to Moghal rule, Hindi and later Urdu written in Persian script became the official language of governance. When Britishers came to India they found a very interesting phenomena with regard to language and scripts pravelent in northern Hindi belt. Although the spoken language of the people was one, but it was written in a script, imposed from outside. They tried to confirm the real position by doing various language and script surveys and came to the conclusion that it would be better for communication and understanding if beside Persian script, ‘Nagari’ script is introduced in Government offices and courts etc. This angered the Muslim community who used to be in an advantageous position with Persian script. Although, language question was never a controversial issue among the common people of this area but due to the two different scripts, it got associated with communal feelings. The emergence of Sanskritized Hindi and Persianized Urdu was the direct outcome of this communal divide. Britishers tried to not only placate this but took full advantage of the issue for dividing people on communal lines. To create communal unity within freedom struggle, Gandhi Ji tried to bring ‘Hindustani’ into focus which represent the mix of both spoken Hindi and Urdu. He advocated one common language for both the communities which can be written either in Nagari or Persian script. It attracted lot of criticism from both sides. In such a charged atmosphere the question of National language or a National script became more and more controversial. Progressive cultural movement, being the most important literary movement in all Indian Languages, where both Hindi and Urdu writers worked together, tried to understand and solve the language and script problem. On the basis of its analysis and conclusions it mendated that Hindi written in Devnagari script should be the national language of the country and Urdu written in Persian should be regarded as close associate of it. Later, when Indian constitution was framed and implemented, in article 343 regarding the Official language of the Union it was written that ‘the official language of the Union shall be Hindi in Devnagari script.’
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FIXED POINT THEOREMS IN MENGER SPACES AND APPLICATIONS TO METRIC SPACES
Chauhan, Sunny,Kumar, Suneel The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2012 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.30 No.5
In this paper, we prove common fixed point theorems for occasionally weakly compatible maps in Menger spaces with a continuous t-norm of H-type. As application to our results, we obtain the corresponding fixed point theorems in metric spaces. Our results improve and generalize many known results in Menger spaces as well as in metric spaces.
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Chauhan, Bhupendra Singh,Cho, Haeng-Muk The Korean Institute of GAS 2011 한국가스학회지 Vol.15 No.4
The introduction of alternative fuels is beneficial to overcome the fuel shortage and reduce engine exhaust emissions. LPG and CNG are relatively clean fuel and considered as most promising alternative automotive fuels worldwide because of its emission reduction potential and lower fuel price compared to gasoline. Now a day’s adaptation of dual fuel approach is the growing as common trend. The two fuels can be successfully implemented with existing gasoline engine with little modification. The present study was done to analyze the performance and emissions analysis of a multi cylinder spark ignition engine fuelled with the benefits of CNG and LPG aseffective alternate automotive fuels by simply using them in an unmodified petrol engine. The test results indicate, the energy content of CNG and LPG is the most limiting factor in acceptance for fuel economy and performance reasons. Thermal efficiency was high for CNG lowest for gasoline and LPG between the two. BSFC, CO and HC were low and NOx was high for CNG and low for gasoline, LPG lies between the two.
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FIXED POINTS OF CONVERSE COMMUTING MAPPINGS USING AN IMPLICIT RELATION
Chauhan, Sunny,Khan, M. Alamgir,Sintunavarat, Wutiphol The Honam Mathematical Society 2013 호남수학학술지 Vol.35 No.2
In the present paper, we utilize the notion of converse commuting mappings due to L$\ddot{u}$ [On common fixed points for converse commuting self-maps on a metric spaces, Acta. Anal. Funct. Appl. 4(3) (2002), 226-228] and prove a common fixed point theorem in Menger space using an implicit relation. We also give an illustrative example to support our main result.
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Chauhan, Surjeet Singh,Utreja, Kiran,Imdad, Mohammad,Ahmadullah, Md The Honam Mathematical Society 2017 호남수학학술지 Vol.39 No.1
In this paper, we introduce a new scheme namely: CUIA-iterative scheme and utilize the same to prove a strong convergence theorem for quasi contractive mappings in Banach spaces. We also establish the equivalence of our new iterative scheme with various iterative schemes namely: Picard, Mann, Ishikawa, Agarwal et al., Noor, SP, CR etc for quasi contractive mappings besides carrying out a comparative study of rate of convergences of involve iterative schemes. The present new iterative scheme converges faster than above mentioned iterative schemes whose detailed comparison carried out with the help of different tables and graphs prepared with the help of MATLAB.
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