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박병수,최원식,염윤기 순천향대학교 기초과학연구소 1997 순천향자연과학연구 논문집 Vol.3 No.1
New cephalosporin antibiotics, 7-[(5-ethylthio-3-hydroxyisothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]-3-(hetero-cyclothiomethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid derivatives(2a-2d) and 7-[(5-ethyl-thio-3-hydroxyisothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]-3-[(4-carbonyl-5-ethylthioisothiazol-3-yl)oxymethyl]-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid(2e) and 7-[(5-ethylthio-3-hydroxyisothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]-3-(pyridinummethyl)-3-cephem-4-carboxylate(2f) were synthesized. The structure of these compound(2a-2f) were confirmed by means of IR and ¹H-NMR-spectrum.
A Study on the Relational Analysis of Human Errors in Railway Accidents
Byeoung-Soo YUM(Byeoung-Soo YUM),Tae-Yoon KIM(Tae-Yoon KIM),Jong-Uk WON(Jong-Uk WON),Chi-Nyon KIM(Chi-Nyon KIM),Won-Mo GAL(Won-Mo GAL) 한국웰빙융합학회 2024 웰빙융합연구 Vol.7 No.1
Purpose: This study examines the persistent occurrence of railway accidents despite numerous safety devices, highlighting the multifaceted nature of these incidents. Research design, data and methodology: Utilizing the 4M analysis method, the research investigates a decade’s worth of accident reported from the Aviation and Railway Accident Investigation Board to identify risk factors and suggest mitigation measures. Results: The analysis reveals that 57% of railway accidents are attributed to human factors, followed by mechanical (28%), environmental (7%), and management (8%) factors. Conclusions: The study underscores the necessity of prioritizing safety and establishing a unified organizational approach to prevent human error accidents. It calls for an alignment of risk perception between headquarters and field operations, advocating for educational and perceptual changes, as well as systematic improvements to achieve safety goals.
A Study on the Cause Analysis of Human Error Accidents by Railway Job
Byeoung-Soo YUM(Byeoung-Soo YUM),Tae-Yoon KIM(Tae-Yoon KIM),Sun-Haeng CHOI(Sun-Haeng CHOI),Won-Mo GAL(Won-Mo GAL) 한국웰빙융합학회 2024 웰빙융합연구 Vol.7 No.1
Purpose: This study investigates human error accidents in the Korean railway sector, emphasizing the need for systematic management to prevent such incidents, which can have fatal consequences, especially in driving-related jobs. Research design, data and methodology: This paper analyzed data from the Aviation and Railway Accident Investigation Board and the Korea Transportation Safety Authority, examining 240 human error accidents that occurred over the last five years (2018-2022). The analysis focused on accidents in the driving, facility, electric, and control fields. Results: The findings indicate that the majority of human error accidents stem from negligence in confirmation checks, issues with work methods, and oversight in facility maintenance. In the driving field, errors such as signal check neglect and braking failures are prevalent, while in the facility and electric fields, the main issues are maintenance delays and neglect of safety measures. Conclusions: The paper concludes that human error accidents are complex and multifaceted, often resulting from a high workload on engineers and systemic issues within the railway system. Future research should delve into the causal relationships of these accidents and develop targeted prevention strategies through improved work processes, education, and training.
Biotransformation of Aldrin and Chlorpyrifos-methyl by Anabaena sp. PCC 7120
( Byeoung Soo Park ),( Sung Eun Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2010 한국환경농학회지 Vol.29 No.2
A cyanobacteria species, Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, was tested to assess its biotransformation ability on two widely used insecticides, aldrin and chlorpyrifos-methyl, in the culture medium. The blue-green alga metabolized aldrin mainly to dieldrin by an epoxidation reaction with the participation of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase in the cyanobacteria. The blue-green alga also produced chlorpyrifos-methyl oxon as a primary metabolite from chlorpyrifos-methyl via a desulfuration reaction, presumably conducted by cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase. Therefore, two insecticides might be possibly dissipated by cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases in the blue-green algae in the contaminated environments.
Examination of $\alpha$-terpinene on Primary Eye Irritancy and Skin Sensitization
Park, Byeoung-Soo,Choi, Won-Sik,Lee, Sung-Eun The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2007 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.3 No.1
[ $\alpha$ ]-Terpinene has been known as a repellent against the mosquito Culex pipiens pallens Coquillett based on a human forearm bioassay. $\alpha$-Terpinene showed significantly greater repellency than a commercial formulation, N, N-diethyl-m-methylbenzamide (deet). In this study, skin and eye sensitivity of $\alpha$-terpinene (2%) was examined with bioassays using white New Zealand rabbits. There were somewhat gross and histological changes observed in these treatments. Eye irritancy assays examined gross changes to cornea, iris and conjuctiva, and histological changes to smear of ocular discharge and eye tissue. Treated rabbits were divided into two cohorts, a saline washed cohort (W) or a non-washed cohort (NW). Opacity of cornea and redness, chemosis and discharge of conjuctiva were observed in both cohorts, but disappeared within 4 and 10 days in W and NW, respectively. Main components of ocular discharges were fibrin, epithelial or epitheloid cells, lymphoid cells, erythrocytes and granulocytes. These abnormal cellular components disappeared within 4 days and 10 days in W and NW, respectively. No permanent histological differences were observed between the two cohorts. However, severe irritation was determined as 57.2 of I.I.O.I value on the first day after treatment. These findings indicate a spray-type solution containing 2% $\alpha$-terpinene may serve as an alternative mosquito repellent and further studies need to reduce the eye irritation with formulation changes.
Biotransformation of Aldrin and Chlorpyrifos-methyl by Anabaena sp. PCC 7120
Park, Byeoung-Soo,Lee, Sung-Eun The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture 2010 한국환경농학회지 Vol.29 No.2
A cyanobacteria species, Anabaena sp. PCC 7120, was tested to assess its biotransformation ability on two widely used insecticides, aldrin and chlorpyrifos-methyl, in the culture medium. The blue-green alga metabolized aldrin mainly to dieldrin by an epoxidation reaction with the participation of cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase in the cyanobacteria. The blue-green alga also produced chlorpyrifosmethyl oxon as a primary metabolite from chlorpyrifos-methyl via a desulfuration reaction, presumably conducted by cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase. Therefore, two insecticides might be possibly dissipated by cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases in the blue-green algae in the contaminated environments.
Proteomics in Insecticide Toxicology
Park, Byeoung-Soo,Lee, Sung-Eun The Korean Society of Toxicogenomics and Toxicopro 2007 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.3 No.1
Mechanisms of insecticide resistance found in insects may include three general categories. Modified behavioral mechanisms can let the insects avoid the exposure to toxic compounds. The second category is physiological mechanisms such as altered penetration, rapid excretion, lower rate transportation, or increased storage of insecticides by insects. The third category relies on biochemical mechanisms including the insensitivity of target sites to insecticides and enhanced detoxification rate by several detoxifying mechanisms. Insecticides metabolism usually results in the formation of more water-soluble and therefore more readily eliminated, and generally less toxic products to the host insects rather than the parent compounds. The representative detoxifying enzymes are general esterases and monooxygenases that catalyze the toxic compounds to be more water-soluble forms and then secondary metabolism is followed by conjugation reactions including those catalyzed by glutathione S-transferases (GSTs). However, a change in the resistant species is not easily determined and the levels of mRNAs do not necessarily predict the levels of the corresponding proteins in a cell. As genomics understands the expression of most of the genes in an organism after being stressed by toxic compounds, proteomics can determine the global protein changes in a cell. In this present review, it is suggested that the environmental proteomic application may be a good approach to understand the biochemical mechanisms of insecticide resistance in insects and to predict metabolomic changes leading to physiological changes of the resistant species.