Effects of Windbreak Fences Composed of Natural Vegetation on Dwarf Siberian Pine (Pinus pumila) Seedlings

임효인,채승범,이선욱,구자정,Lim, Hyo-In,Chae, Seung-Beom,Lee, Seon-Uk,Ku, Ja-Jung The Korea Society of Environmental Restoration Tec 2020 한국환경복원기술학회지 Vol.23 No.4

In this study, the effects of windbreak fences composed of natural vegetation on one-year-old seedlings were analyzed to develop restoration methods for an endangered subalpine species, the dwarf Siberian pine (Pinus pumila (Pall.) Regel). One-year-old seedlings were planted in 2016 by sowing seeds that had been collected from the Daecheongbong area on Mt. Seoraksan, South Korea, in 2014. The area near Daecheongbong was selected as the experimental site, and treatment and control plots (2m×2m) were installed at the site. To analyze the effects of wind protection, windbreak fences were constructed in the treatment plots using hairy Korean rhododendrons (Rhododendron mucronulatum Turcz. var. ciliatum Nakai) from the surrounding area and weather stations were installed to investigate atmospheric temperature, humidity, and wind speed. In all control plots without windbreak fences, dwarf Siberian pine seedlings were killed by strong winds seven months after planting. In contrast, the average survival rate of the seedlings in treatment plots was 96.7% after seven months, 64.2% after two years, and 45% after three years, with most (85.3%) of the seedlings showing good initial root establishment. Accordingly, windbreak fences composed of natural vegetation are suitable for promoting the early establishment of seedlings in the restoration of dwarf Siberian pine stands.

가침박달의 현지외 보존을 위한 표본 선발 전략

임효인 ( Hyo In Lim ),한진규 ( Jing Yu Han ),장경환 ( Kyeong Hwan Jang ),홍경낙 ( Kyung Nak Hong ),홍용표 ( Yong Pyo Hong ) 한국임학회 2014 산림과학 공동학술대회 논문집 Vol.2014 No.-

본 연구는 희귀식물 가침박달의 실생묘를 이용한 현지외 보존시 집단 선정과 개체 선발 방법에 따른 유전적 다양성의 차이를 비교하여 효율적인 선발 전략을 구명하는데 그 목적이 있다. 우리나라에 분포하는 7개 집단을 대상으로 자연집단과 차대집단의 유전다양성을 평가하였다. 7개 차대집단의 종수준의 유전다양성( S.I .=0.505)은 자연집단( S.I .=0.536)의 94%로 나타났다. 가침박달의 자연집단은 선행 연구에서 유전적 특성에 따라 크게 3개의 지역으로 구분되었다. 지역별로 가장 유전다양성이 높은 3개의 집단(대구, 청주, 단양)에 대해 종 수준의 유전다양성을 분석한 결과 0.493으로 자연집단의 92%로 높게 나타났다. 따라서 7개 집단을 선정하는 것과 3개 집단을 선정하는 것 모두 자연집단의 유전다양성 90% 이상을 보존하는 것으로 나타났으며 3개 집단을 보존하는 것이 효율적인 것으로 판단되었다. 3개집단을 대상으로 집단별 개체 선발 개수에 따른 유전다양성의 변화를 살펴본 결과, 집단별 34개체씩 총 102개체 이상을 선정할 경우 자연집단의 92%의 유전변이를 확보하는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 가침박달의 현지외 보존시 3개 집단(대구, 청주, 단양)을 대상으로 집단별 34개체 이상을 선정하여 보전하는 것이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. This study was conducted to study effective seedling sampling strategies for ex situ conservation of Exochorda serratifolia S. Moore based on the result of change in genetic diversity with different selection methods of populations and individuals. Genetic diversity was estimated in seven cohorts of the natural populations and their progeny populations(seedlings) of E. sarratifolia in South Korea. The ratio of genetic diversity at the species level in progeny populations was 94 percentage of the genetic diversity of the natural populations. On the results of previous study, the natural populations were assigned into three groups. Three populations(Daegu, Cheongju, and Danyang), which have the highest genetic diversity in each group, showed a 92 percentage of the genetic diversity of the natural populations at the species level. Both sampling methods were effective to maintain over 90 percentage of the genetic diversity of the natural populations, therefore it was suggested that selecting three populations more efficient. For three populations, if more than 34 individuals(total 102 individuals) were selected in each population, which would be expected to maintain 92 percentage of the genetic variation of the natural populations. Thus it was effective to select 3 populations and more than 34 individuals in each population for ex situ conservation of E. serratifolia.

우리나라 野生 차나무(Camellia sinensis L.) 集團의 種子特性 變異

송정호(Jeong-Ho Song),장경환(Kyung-Hwan Jang),임효인(Hyo-In Lim),양병훈(Byeung-Hoon Yang),김준혁(Joon-Hyeok Kim) 한국차학회 2011 한국차학회지 Vol.17 No.2

This study was conducted to investigate the variation of seed characteristics among populations and among clumps within population of wild tea (Camellia sinensis L.) distributed in Korea. Fruits and seeds were collected from 225 clumps in 13 populations and their seven seed characteristics were analyzed using multivariate analysis. The mean values of seed characteristics were 12.4 mm in seed length, 13.9 mm in seed width, 0.90 in seed length/width, 13.1 mm in seed thickness, 0.95 in seed length/thickness, 1.07 in seed width/thickness, and 0.95 g in seed weight, respectively. Coefficients of variation were low (5.6-9.3%) in all seed characteristics except seed weight (27.7%). ANOVA analysis showed significant differences among populations and among clumps within population in all seed characteristics. According to Nested analysis, variance contributions among populations in the characters excluding seed length/thickness and seed weight were higher than those among clumps within population. Cluster analysis using average linkage method showed three groups to Euclidean distance 0.45. But, there was no significant relationship between population association and geographical distribution. The results of principal component analysis for seven seed characteristics showed that primary two principal components (PC's) explained 90.8% of the total variation. The first PC accounted for 75.0% of the variability which correlated with seed length, seed width and seed thickness, and the second PC accounted for 15.8% of the variability which correlated with seed weight. According to correlation analysis, the populations which located in high latitude and low altitude place have more heavy seed than low latitude and high altitude populations.

느릅나무 자연집단(自然集團)의 시과(翅果), 종자(種子), 발아(發芽) 및 생장특성(生長特性) 변이(變異)

송정호 ( Jeong Ho Song ),장경환 ( Kyung Hwan Jang ),임효인 ( Hyo In Lim ),박완근 ( Wan Geun Park ),배관호 ( Kwan Ho Bae ) 한국임학회 2011 한국산림과학회지 Vol.100 No.2

약용식물 느릅나무의 유전자원보존을 위하여 5개 자연집단을 대상으로 시과, 종자, 발아 및 생장특성에 대한 집단간 및 개체간 변이를 조사하였다. 전체 32개 개체목에서 시과를 채취하여 시과 및 종자특성(10개), 발아특성(3개) 및 생장특성(2개)을 포함하여 총 15개의 특성을 분석하였다. 분산분석 결과 모든 특성에서 집단간 및 개체간에 고도의 유의적인 차이가 인정되었다. 평균특성을 살펴보면, 시과길이 13.0 mm, 시과폭 9.7 mm, 시과지수 1.37, 시과무게 0.015 g, 과경길이 3.07 mm, 종자길이 3.85 mm, 종자폭 2.66 mm, 종자지수 1.46, 종자두께 1.29 mm, 종자무게0.0062 g, 발아율 34.8%, 평균발아일수 8.6일, 발아속도 3.5개/일, 수고 37.7 mm, 근원경 4.90 mm로 나타났다. 특히, 시과무게, 발아율, 발아속도, 수고 및 근원경 특성은 집단간 및 개체간에 30% 이상의 높은 변이계수 값을 나타냈다. 느릅나무 집단간 유연관계는 지리적 분포에 따른 특별한 경향은 나타나지 않았으며, 유집군의 유형에 대한 주성분분석 결과 제4주성분까지가 누적변이 값이 100%를 설명하였다. 제1주성분의 기여율은 41.8%로 형질간 상관분석에서 중요성이 높았던 인자들이었고, 제2주성분의 기여율은 32.9%로 발아특성이었으며, 제3주성분의 기여율은 16.3%로 생장특성이 느릅나무 집단간 유연관계에 중요한 정보를 주는 요인으로 나타났다. Ulmus davidiana var. japonica is a deciduous tree species used for traditional medicine. This study was conducted to investigate the variation of samara, seed, germination and growth characteristics among populations and among individuals within five natural populations of U. davidiana var. japonica distributed in Korea. The ten characteristics of samara and seed, the three germination behaviors as well as the two growth traits were studied in samaras collected from total 32 trees. Statistical analysis of all characteristics showed that there were significant differences among populations as well as among individuals within populations. In this study, the mean characteristics of this species were 13.0 mm in samara length, 9.7 mm in samara width, 1.37 in samara index, 0.015 g in samara weight, 3.07 mm in samara stalk length, 3.85 seed length, 2.66 mm in seed width, 1.46 in seed index, 1.29 mm seed thickness, 0.0062 g in seed weigh, 34.8% in germination percentage, 8.6 days in mean germination time, 3.5 ea./day in gemination rate, 37.7 cm in height and 4.90 mm in root collar diameter. Especially, coefficients of variations in samara weight, germination percentage, germination rate, height and root collar diameter were relatively high (≥ 30.0%) compared to other traits. There was no significant relationship between population association and geographical distribution. The results of principal component analysis for 15 characteristics showed that primary four principal components (PC`s) explained 100% of the total variation. The first PC accounted for 41.8% of the variability which correlated with morphological traits, the second PC accounted for 32.9% of the variability which correlated with germination behaviors and the third PC accounted for 16.3% of the variability which correlated with growth traits.

전라도지역 야생 차나무(Camellia sinensis L.) 집단의 열매와 종자특성 변이

송정호(Jeong-Ho Song),임효인(Hyo-In Lim) 한국차학회 2012 한국차학회지 Vol.18 No.3

This study was conducted to investigate variations in fruit and seed characteristics among populations and individuals within populations of wild tea (Camellia sinensis L.) distributed in Jeollado. Twenty fruits were collected from 10 populations, and nine characteristics of fruits and seeds were analyzed. ANOVA analysis showed significant differences among populations and individuals within populations in terms of fruit and seed characteristics. According to nested analysis, variance contributions among individuals within populations were higher than those among populations. Therefore, for ex situ genetic conservation of C. sinensis, individual selection was recommended over population selection. Cluster analysis using an average linkage method showed three groups at a Euclidean distance of 0.99. However, there was no significant relationship between population association and geographical distribution. Some morphological characteristics such as fruit width (0.060), seed width (0.026), and seed length (0.019) showed relatively high differences in values of differentiation (Dij) among populations. Of the 10 populations, Sungsan (0.038) was highly differentiated based on the total mean Dij of nine morphological characteristics, whereas Unheungsa (0.006) were scarcely differentiated.

가침박달의 열매, 종자 및 발아특성 변이

송정호 ( Jeong Ho Song ),임효인 ( Hyo In Lim ) 한국산림과학회 2012 한국산림과학회지 Vol.101 No.4

This study was conducted to investigate the variation of fruit seed and germination characteristics among populations of Serrateleaf Pearlbush (Exochorda serratifilia S. Moore) distributed in Korea. Fruits collected from 96 trees in five natural populations and their five fruit seven seed and three germination characteristics were analyzed. In 14 characteristics except for mean germination time there were significant differences among populations and among individuals within population. Generally fruit and seed characteristics showed higher values among population in total variance component. Coefficients of variations in weight of fruit (27.0%) length/thickness of seed (28.1%) and germination rate (52.5%) were relatively high compared to other traits. In seed germination behaviors germination percentage mean germination time and germination rate showed 63.9% 64.0 days and 0.40 ea /day respectively. As a result of simple correlation analysis mean germination time showed a significant positive correlation with seed thickness germination rate showed a significant positive correlation with height of parent tree and latitude respectively. Also latitude showed a positive correlation with fruit weight. The populations close geographically did not show the tendency of clustering into the same group. The results of principal component analysis showed that the first for principal components (PC`s) explained 63.0% of the total variation. Primary 3 principal components appeared to be major variables because of the loading contribution of 97.0%.

호랑버들과 갯버들 교잡종 ‘봄여울2호’ 신품종 육성

서한나(Han-Na Seo),임효인(Hyo-In Lim) 한국원예학회 2023 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2023 No.5

안면도 먹넌출 집단의 유전다양성과 공간적 유전구조

송정호(Jeong-Ho Song),임효인(Hyo-In Lim),장경환(Kyeong-Hwan Jang),홍경낙(Kyung-Nak Hong),한진규(Jingyu Han) 한국원예학회 2014 원예과학기술지 Vol.32 No.1

우리나라에서 먹넌출은 안면도 지역에서만 소나무 숲에서 제한적으로 분포하는 덩굴성 식물이다. 본 연구는 먹넌출 집단의 분포형태와 특성, 유전다양성 및 공간분포에 따른 유전구조를 파악하는데 있다. 선발된 8개 I-SSR primer에서 총 50개의 I-SSR 증폭산물을 얻었으며 37개의 단형성 증폭산물을 제외한 13개의 다형적 증폭산물을 분석에 이용하였다. 공간적 자기상관 분석을 위한 조사구 90m × 70m내에 총 39개체의 먹넌출이 자생하고 있었으며, 군집지수(aggregation index)는 0.706으로 집중분포(clumped distribution)하는 공간분포를 나타냈다. I-SSR 표지자 분석 결과 39개체 중 유전자형이 서로 다른 21개의 유성생식체(genet)가 식별되었으며, 유전자형 비율(G/N)은 53.8%, 유전자형 다양성(D)은 0.966, 유전자형 균등도(E)는 0.946으로 각각 나타났다. Shannon의 다양성지수(I = 0.598)는 적은 개체수와 제한적 분포에도 불구하고 다른 수종들에 비해 비교적 높은 유전다양성을 나타냈다. Tanimoto distance를 이용한 공간적 자기상관 분석 결과 안면도 먹넌출의 현지외 보존을 위한 표본 추출 전략은 6m 이상의 간격을 두고 개체를 선발하는 것이 타당한 것으로 나타났다. Berchemia racemosa var. magna is only found in Anmyeon Island of South Korea. Genetic diversity and the spatial genetic structure of B. racemosa var. magna in Anmyeon Island were studied by I-SSR marker system. Fifty I-SSR amplicons were produced from 8 selected primers. We used 13 polymorphic markers to analyze the genetic structure. Distribution of 39 individuals in the study plot (90 m × 70 m) showed aggregate pattern (aggregation index = 0.706). Total 21 genets were observed from 39 individuals through I-SSR genotyping. Proportion of distinguishable genotype (G/N), genotype diversity (D) and genotype evenness (E) were 53.8%, 0.966 and 0.946, respectively. In spite of the small number and the narrow distribution, Shannon’s diversity index (I = 0.598) was relatively high as compared with those of the other plant species. For ex situ genetic conservation of B. racemosa var. magna, the sampling strategy based on spatial autocorrelation using Tanimoto distance is efficient at choosing the conserved individuals with a 6 meter interval between individual trees.

AFLP 마커를 이용한 소규모 사시나무림의 공간적 유전구조 구명

이민우 ( Min Woo Lee ),홍경낙 ( Kyung Nak Hong ),박유진 ( Yu Jin Park ),이제완 ( Jei Wan Lee ),임효인 ( Hyo In Lim ) 한국임학회 2016 한국산림과학회지 Vol.105 No.3

변화하는 자연환경에서 식물이 생존하기 위해서는 적절한 유전다양성을 유지할 뿐 아니라 지역적응성을 갖추어야 세대를 성공적으로 이어나갈 수 있다. 만약 유전다양성이 급격히 감소하게 된다면 집단이 쇠퇴하고 소멸 위험성이 커지게 된다. 본 연구는 주변 집단으로 부터 화분이나 종자의 유입이 어려운 소규모 사시나무 집단의 유전구조를 구명하였다. 월악산 미륵리의 사시나무림은 전체 분포면적 14,000 m²에 성목은 350개체로 추정되며, 임분내에 설정한 70 m×70 m 조사구에 출현하는 123개체 중 61개체를 대상으로 AFLP 마커를 이용하여 유전변이를 분석하였다. 조사구내 사시나무의 수령은 평균 16년 최고 32년생이었으며, 개체의 공간적 분포는 약한 밀집 형태를 이루고 있었다. AFLP primer 6조합에서 196개 증폭산물을 확인하였으며, 이 중 151개는 다형성을 보였다. primer 조합당평균 유전자좌수는 32.7(표준편차=7.2), 이형접합도 기대치(H_e)는 0.154, Shannon의 다양성 지수(S.I.)는 0.254로 나타나서, 월악산 사시나무는 우리나라 사시나무 집단 평균에 비하여 매우 낮은 유전다양성을 갖고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 공간적 유전구조는 24 m 이내에서 분포하는 개체들 간에 유전적 유사성이 나타났으며, 소규모 면적과 고립된 분포지 특성으로 인하여 비교적 작은 유전군락이 형성된 것으로 생각된다. A locally adapted plant population under harsh environmental changes might survive for a long generation through maintaining proper level of genetic diversity. When it happens losing the genetic diversity too much fast, the population could be declining and probably become extinct. An isolated small population of Populus davidiana was investigated to study out the genetic diversity and the fine-scale spatial genetic structure. The estimated number of adult trees in the population of Mt. Worak, South Korea, was 350 in the total area of 14,000 m². The number of adults in a study plot (70 m×70 m) was 123. The average age was 16-year-old and a 32-year-old tree was the oldest. The distribution of individuals was slightly aggregated in the plot. Sixtyone among the 123 individuals were randomly sampled to estimate genetic variation using AFLP markers. One hundred fifty-one (77%) of total 196 amplicons were polymorphic from six AFLP primer combinations. The average number of loci per primer combination was 32.7 (S.D.=7.2). Expected heterozygosity (H_e) and Shannon’s diversity index (S.I.) were 0.154 and 0.254, respectively. These values were extremely lower than those of other P. davidiana populations in South Korea. Genetic patchiness was showed within 21 meters by spatial autocorrelation analysis and the isolated small size of population might be mainly attributed to the formation of such small patch size.

밤나무 동아 및 휴면지의 원예학적 및 형태학적 특성에 의한 품종 식별

이욱(Uk Lee),백을선(Eul Sun Baik),현정오(Jung Oh Hyun),임효인(Hyo In Lim),권용희(Yong Hee Kwon),이갑연(Kab Yeon Lee),정명석(Myung Suk Jung),권세혁(Se Hyug Kwon) 한국원예학회 2009 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2009 No.10