The Strategic Approach to FTA Governmental Negotiation Method between China

Na, Seung-Hwa(나승화) 한국유통과학회 1999 유통과학연구 Vol.1 No.1

한.중 양국은 1992년 수교 이래 문화적 공통성과 지리적 인접성 그리고 상호보완적인 경제구조 등을 바탕으로, 정치.경제.사회.문화 등 모든 분야에서 유례를 찾아 볼 수 없는 비약적인 발전을 가져왔다. 특히 중국은 한국의 최대 교역국으로, 그리고 한국은 중국의 제3대 교역국으로 부상하였으며, 2008년에는 전략적 협력 동반자 관계로 격상했다. 현재 국제 통상관계에 있어서 WTO/DDA협상이 난항을 겪고 있는데 반해, FTA는 전 세계적으로 심화와 확대를 거듭하고 있으며, 한.중 양국도 각각 그 어느 나라에 뒤지지 않는 다각적이고 적극적인 FTA 협상을 추진하고 있다. 특히 1997년 금융위기 후 절감한 지역 경제협력의 필요성이 요구됨에 따라 중국은 2005년 아세안과 FTA체결을 시작으로 여러국가에 관심을 표명하였으며, 한국에도 FTA에 추진에 적극적으로 접근하고 있는 상황이다. 지난 5월 28일에는 이명박 대통령과 중국 원자바오 총리와의 회담에서 이에 대한 내용을 언급하였는바, 가까운 시일 내에 본격적인 추진협상이 이루어지리라 예측된다. 이에 중국과 FTA의 본격적인 협상에 대비하여, 한국이 어떤 협상방식을 선택할 것인가에 정책적 제언과 관심이 집중되고 있다. 일부 학자들은 한.중 FTA는 포괄적 협상을 하되, 지속적 논의를 위한 프로토콜을 확정하는 지속형 FTA를 추진해야 한다고 주장하고 있으나 본 연구는 한.중 FTA는 상품무역.서비스.투자분야를 포함하고 협상에서 일괄적으로 타결하는 포괄적 FTA가 되어야 한다고 주장한다. 본 연구는 중국의 기 체결된 FTA 협상사례를 통해 중국의 협상방식의 특징을 살펴보고 시사점을 도출하였다. 중국은 현재 아세안, 파키스탄, 칠레 등 개도국과는 단계별 혹은 지속형 FTA 협상방식을 취하고 있으며, 뉴질랜드, 싱가포르 등 선진국과는 일괄 타결형 포괄적 FTA 협상방식을 취하고 있다. 중국과의 FTA 협상에 있어서 한국은 농업시장 개방과 국내 이해집단과의 관계 등 쉽지 않은 이슈들이 잔재하고 있으나, 이들은 주로 상품무역 분야에 포진되어 있다. 반면에 중국은 금융.통신 산업이 개방될 경우 중국경제의 전반적인 기반이 위험에 노출하게 되는데, 이들은 주로 서비스무역 분야에 포함되어 있다. 따라서 한국은 협상 범위를 상품무역뿐만 아니라 서비스무역 나아가서 투자분야까지 넓혀야 이슈간의 교환이 가능해지며, 협상타결의 여지도 충분하리라 판단된다. 즉, 한. Since Korea establish diplomatic ties with China in 1992, korea and China have had rapid progress in most of field as politic, economy, society and culture through basing on cultural commonality and geographical adjacency. Especially, China is the biggest trading partner to korea, and also Korea is third-biggest trading country to China. They become strategic cooperating relation in 2008. Currently, in terms of international trade relation, WTO/DDA negotiation is proceeding in difficulty, but FTA has been growing and extending in the world, and the two country, china and korea, have been competitively trying wide and active FTA negotiation promotion. After Financial crisis in 1997, according to the requirement of local economic cooperation, China has shown the interest to several countries since the conclusion of FTA treaty with ASEAN in 2005. China also makes the active afford to conclude FTA with Korea. Last May 28th, this was mentioned in the meeting between president Lee and Premier Wen Jiabao, so it is anticipated that the negotiation for FTA will be started in the near future. There are many political suggestions and concerns in terms of way of negotiation korea would choose. Some economist said that "'Continuous FTA aimed at long-term protocol should be promoted between korea and China and negotiated includingly'" However, this research claims that commodity exchange, service, and investment areas should be included and it has to be comprehensive package settlement style in negotiation. This research has found out the characteristics of China's negotiation and implications through the China's existed FTA negotiation examples. Currently, China has taken Continuous or a phase-negotiation method to ASEAN, Pakistan, Chile and some other developing country and to advanced countries like New Zealand or Singapore, comprehensive package settlement method is used in FTA negotiation. In consider of the FTA negotiation between Korea and China, Korea has some problems in

SCM 시스템 특성이 마케팅 성과에 미치는 영향

나승화(Na Seung-hwa) 한국유통과학회 2006 한국유통과학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2006 No.-

  The purpose of this research is to reestablish the reliability of the decision making of top management, to raise proper understanding of the Supply Chain Management (SCM) system, and to encourage currently depressed domestic enterprises to invest in the information technology. This study develops and tests a model on the effects of marketing accomplishments which are a part of organizational outcomes. The model is theoretically developed based on the review of the previous literature for the SCM system, and an empirical analysis is conducted on the domestic enterprises which have introduced the SCM system.   In more detail, this study has developed and empirically tested hypotheses how system quality, information quality produced by the system, partnership between system enterprises, and internal support activities as successful factors for the system affect perceived usefulness and users" satisfaction degree, how perceived usefulness affects the system"s satisfaction, and lastly how the users" satisfaction degree affects marketing performance.   To test these hypotheses, domestic companies which are currently implementing the SCM system were surveyed in January 2006, and 66 companies responded. From these companies, a total of 162 questionnaires, which are able to be processed statistically, were analyzed, and the Structural Equation Modeling(SEM) analysis was performed using SPSS/PC+(V.11.0), LISREL(V.8.0).   To make successful use of the SCM system, this study suggests that it is required to recognize that the first priority is to establish plans for awareness of the effectiveness of systems related to business performance and outcomes of system users. Also, it is suggested to build strategies to link the awareness of the system"s effectiveness to customer satisfaction, and the study confirms that marketing accomplishment of the SCM system rises as customer satisfaction rate increases. &nb

변동환율제도하의 위안화 환율변동과 벤처기업의 재무성과 간 상관관계 연구

손종원,장석주,나승화,Sun, Zhong-Yuan,Chang, Seog-Ju,Na, Seung-Hwa 한국벤처창업학회 2010 벤처창업연구 Vol.5 No.1

On July 21st in 2005, People's Bank of China (PBOC) turned the currency peg against the U.S. dollar into managed currency system based on a basket of unnamed currencies under China's exchanged rate regime. This change means that China's enterprises are not free from currency fluctuations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relations between Renminbi fluctuations in the floating exchange rate and financial results of venture companies. The process and outcomes of this study are as follows, First, in order to measure the financial results of venture companies, I choose venture companies in Shandong Province listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) at random and several quarter financial sheets according to safety ratios, profitability ratios, growth ratios, activity ratios. Second, I arrange the daily Renminbi exchange rate data announced from July 21st, 2005 to December 31st, 2008 by PBOC into the quarterly data. Third, in order to confirm the relations between Renminbi fluctuations and financial results of venture companies, I carry out Pearson's correlation analysis. As a result, the revaluation of the Chinese Renminbi has weakly negative effects on debt ratio, total assets turnover ratio and equity turnover ratio in statistics. But the revaluation of the Chinese Renminbi is not related to other financial index in statistics. The result of this study is that the revaluation of the Chinese Renminbi has little influence on the export and import of Chinese venture companies and certifies the fact that Chinese venture companies have much foreign currency assets. In addition to avoid the currency exposure risk, this study shows the effective method about currency exposure risk which adjusts proportion of Renminbi to foreign currency.

여행사의 관광전자상거래 활성화 방안

정용악(Jung, Yong-Ak),나승화(Na, Seung-Hwa) 한국문화관광학회 2003 문화관광연구 Vol.5 No.1

An activating strategy of tourism electronic commerce on an travel agent is as follows. First, it strengthen convenience of tourist product. Second, considering it with a supplementation of electronic payment system intensely. Third, price policy to be able to enjoy price reduction benefit is required of it. Fourth, an online buyer compares it with an off-line buyer that is provided more Sixth, attractive brand image development that it is matched by the need of target customers, brand image, are needed. By the last, it must continuously keep a magnitude of advertizing media by strategy reinforcement of representative four mass media. Added to this, construction of social confidence from social point of view, tax reduction from economic it, law and system consolidation from political it, and standard legislation and licensed certification authorities establishment from technical it, are required acutely.

변동환율제도하의 위안화 환율변동과 벤처기업의 재무성과 간 상관관계 연구

손종원(Zhong Yuan Sun),장석주(Seog Ju Chang),나승화(Seung Hwa Na) 한국경영학회 2010 한국경영학회 통합학술발표논문집 Vol.2010 No.08

변동환율제도하의 위안화 환율변동과 벤처기업의 재무성과 간 상관관계 연구

손종원(Sun, Zhong Yuan),장석주(Chang, Seog-Ju),나승화(Na, Seung-Hwa) 한국벤처창업학회 2010 한국벤처창업학회 학술대회 Vol.2010 No.8

2005년 7월 21일, 중국인민은행은 위안화 환율 제도를 미 달러화에 대한 고정환율제에서 통화바스켓 기준 관리변동환율제로 변경하였다. 이러한 변화는 중국 기업들이 환율변동에 자유로울 수 없음을 의미한다. 본 연구는 변동환율제도 하에서 위안화 환율변동과 벤처기업의 재무적 성과 간의 관계에 대한 분석에 연구의 목적을 두었다. 본 연구의 분석과정 및 결과는 아래와 같다. 첫째, 벤처기업의 재무성과를 측정하기 위하여 중국 상하이 증권거래소에 상장된 기업 중 무작위로 산동성 벤처기업을 표본으로 선택하여 안전성, 수익성, 성장성, 활동성의 4가지 요소에 따라 분기별 재무지표를 추출하였다. 둘째, 환율변동 자료는 중국이 변동환율제도를 최초로 도입한 2005년 7월 21일부터 2008년 12월 31일까지의 일별 위안화 환율자료를 중국인민은행에서 수집하여 분기별 변동환율로 정리하였다. 셋째, 위안화 환율변동과 벤처기업의 재무성과 간 관계를 확인하기 위하여 본 연구는 피어슨 상관관계분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과로서 전반적으로 평가절상 된 위안화 환율변동은 기업의 부채비율, 총자산 회전율, 자기자본 회전율에 통계적으로 유의하게 약한 부(-)의 상관관계를 보이고 있었다. 그러나 기타 재무지표들과는 통계적으로 직접적인 상관관계가 파악되지는 않았다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 위안화 가치의 상승이 단기적으로 중국 벤처기업들의 경상이익에 큰 영향을 미치지 않는다는 점과 중국 벤처기업의 외화자산 비중이 상대적으로 높다는 점을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 이를 토대로 본 연구는 환위험 노출에 대한 대응책으로 위안화/외화 비율의 조정 등 효과적인 환위험 관리방법을 제시하였다. On July 21st in 2005, People's Bank of China (PBOC) turned the currency peg against the U.S. dollar into managed currency system based on a basket of unnamed currencies under China's exchanged rate regime. This change means that China's enterprises are not free from currency fluctuations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relations between Renminbi fluctuations in the floating exchange rate and financial results of venture companies. The process and outcomes of this study are as follows, First, in order to measure the financial results of venture companies, I choose venture companies in Shandong Province listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange (SSE) at random and several quarter financial sheets according to safety ratios, profitability ratios, growth ratios, activity ratios. Second, I arrange the daily Renminbi exchange rate data announced from July 21st, 2005 to December 31st, 2008 by PBOC into the quarterly data. Third, in order to confirm the relations between Renminbi fluctuations and financial results of venture companies, I carry out Pearson's correlation analysis. As a result, the revaluation of the Chinese Renminbi has weakly negative effects on debt ratio, total assets turnover ratio and equity turnover ratio in statistics. But the revaluation of the Chinese Renminbi is not related to other financial index in statistics. The result of this study is that the revaluation of the Chinese Renminbi has little influence on the export and import of Chinese venture companies and certifies the fact that Chinese venture companies have much foreign currency assets. In addition to avoid the currency exposure risk, this study shows the effective method about currency exposure risk which adjusts proportion of Renminbi to foreign currency.

점포선택속성이 브랜드 태도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 6개 메이저 브랜드 커피전문점을 중심으로

이원호(Yi, Weon-Ho),김수옥(Kim, Su-Ok),나승화(Na, Seung-Hwa),이상윤(Lee, Sang-Youn) 한국유통과학회 2011 한국유통과학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.-

본 연구는 커피 시장에 대한 시장 규모가 커지고 점차 확대되고 있는 대형 브랜드 커피 전문점을 중심으로 점포선택 속성(가격, 종업원서비스, 점포의 입지, 점포 분위기)을 4가지로 규정하여, 그 선택속성들과 커피전문점 이용자의 특성이 어떠한 관계가 있는 가를 알아보자 하였으며, 또한 커피전문점의 브랜드 태도에는 어떠한 영향을 미치는 바를 조사하였다. 그 결과 이용자의 특성에 따라 차이가 났지만 점포선택속성 중 점포의 분위기와 점포입지가 점포선택 속성에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 이러한 결과를 토대로 본 연구는 커피전문점이 충성고객을 확보하기 위해 어떠한 속성에 중점을 두어야 하며 아울러 소비자의 욕구에 부합되는 선택 속성을 연구하고자 한다. In this study, a growing market for the Coffee Market is gradually expanding into a large Brand Coffee Shops around the selection attributes (Price, Employee services, Location of stores, Store atmosphere), select coffee shops by the specification of property into four , and select the properties and characteristics of the user according to the Coffee shop was let differences, the resulting coffee shops about the impact on brand attitudes were investigated. As a result, the difference due to the inherent characteristics of the user's selection of the properties of a stomach stores the atmosphere of the store, select the Stores and Shops located on the property showed that the most affecting. This study used a coffee shop-effective customer acquisition and revenue growth offer an alternative to sex, age, occupation, income, region, select coffee shops due to differences in the properties were examined.

담양군 가사문화권의 관광상품화 전략

나승화,정용악 한국문화관광학회 2001 문화관광연구 Vol.3 No.1

Damyang County is considered as the rest area of Gwangju resident and is not benefited. Now we have to take interest in value of Damyang county's value and increase resident income. In order to increase the value, the development of tourist products must be settled without delay. If a self-governing body make an investment in the tourist industry and we secure experts and develope cultural products, the growth of this area will be amazed.

나주지역 문화관광자원 활성화에 관한 연구

최윤홍,나승화 한국문화관광학회 2000 문화관광연구 Vol.2 No.1

The tourist trade of Naju city in its present condition shows Naju's lack of interest as a central tourist attraction since 1997. In 1998 the tourist rate began to increase because of the interest in Naju's historical temples and the Bannam's tombs. This indicates the growing concern for cultural assets and national treasures in this area. The purpose of this research is to develop Naju's cultural tourist trade and establish an image of Naju as a historical tourism city. The development of cultural tourism resources should produce on a commercial scale tangible cultural assets to improve the historical sites and increase the tourist trade as well as to preserve the historical areas. In order to fulfill these tasks, it is necessary to develop cultural resources and assets to maintain all historical areas such as fortress, pavilions, temples and tombs, and utilize local temples as spiritual, moral and cultural foundations.