Restricted growth of U‐type infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in rainbow trout cells may be linked to casein kinase II activity

Park, J W,Moon, C H,Harmache, A,Wargo, A R,Purcell, M K,Bremont, M,Kurath, G Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2011 Journal of fish diseases Vol.34 No.2

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Previously, we demonstrated that a representative M genogroup type strain of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) from rainbow trout grows well in rainbow trout‐derived RTG‐2 cells, but a U genogroup type strain from sockeye salmon has restricted growth, associated with reduced genome replication and mRNA transcription. Here, we analysed further the mechanisms for this growth restriction of U‐type IHNV in RTG‐2 cells, using strategies that assessed differences in viral genes, host immune regulation and phosphorylation. To determine whether the viral glycoprotein (G) or non‐virion (NV) protein was responsible for the growth restriction, four recombinant IHNV viruses were generated in which the G gene of an infectious IHNV clone was replaced by the G gene of U‐ or M‐type IHNV and the NV gene was replaced by NV of U‐ or M‐type IHNV. There was no significant difference in the growth of these recombinants in RTG‐2 cells, indicating that G and NV proteins are not major factors responsible for the differential growth of the U‐ and M‐type strains. Poly I:C pretreatment of RTG‐2 cells suppressed the growth of both U‐ and M‐type IHNV, although the M virus continued to replicate at a reduced level. Both viruses induced type 1 interferon (IFN1) and the IFN1 stimulated gene Mx1, but the expression levels in M‐infected cells were significantly higher than in U‐infected cells and an inhibitor of the IFN1‐inducible protein kinase PKR, 2‐aminopurine (2‐AP), did not affect the growth of U‐ or M‐type IHNV in RTG‐2 cells. These data did not indicate a role for the IFN1 system in the restricted growth of U‐type IHNV in RTG‐2 cells. Prediction of kinase‐specific phosphorylation sites in the viral phosphoprotein (P) using the NetPhosK program revealed differences between U‐ and M‐type P genes at five phosphorylation sites. Pretreatment of RTG‐2 cells with a PKC inhibitor or a p38MAPK inhibitor did not affect the growth of the U‐ and M‐type viruses. However, 100 μ<SMALL>m</SMALL> of the casein kinase II (CKII) inhibitor, 5,6‐dichloro‐1‐β‐<SMALL>d</SMALL>‐ribofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB), reduced the titre of the U type 8.3‐fold at 24 h post‐infection. In contrast, 100 μ<SMALL>m</SMALL> of the CKII inhibitor reduced the titre of the M type only 1.3‐fold at 48 h post‐infection. Our data suggest that the different growth of U‐ and M‐type IHNV in RTG‐2 cells may be linked to a differential requirement for cellular protein kinases such as CKII for their growth.</P>

Magnetic Properties of <tex> $ [\hbox{Ni}_{97{\rm at.}\%}$</tex>-W<tex> $_{3{\rm at.}\%}]_{{100}-{x}}$</tex>-Cu<tex> $_x$</tex> Textured Substrates for Coated Conductors

Song, K.J.,Ko, R.K.,Kim, H.S.,Ha, H.S.,Ha, D.W.,Oh, S.S.,Park, C.,Yoo, S.-I.,Kim, M.W.,Kim, C.J.,Joo, J.H. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 2007 IEEE transactions on applied superconductivity Vol.17 No.2

<P>The degree of ferromagnetism of Ni-W<SUB>y</SUB> alloys decreases as W-content y increases. Both the saturation magnetization <I>M</I> <SUB>sat</SUB> and Curie temperature <I>T</I> <SUB>c</SUB> decrease linearly with W-content y, and both <I>M</I> <SUB>sat</SUB> and <I>T</I> <SUB>c</SUB> go to zero at critical concentration of y<SUB>c</SUB> ~9.50 at.% W. To compare with Ni-W alloys, the magnetic properties of a series of both as-rolled (non-textured) and annealed (biaxially textured) [Ni<SUB>97at.%</SUB>-W<SUB>3at.%</SUB>]<SUB>100-x</SUB>-Cu<SUB>x</SUB> alloy tapes with compositions x = 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7 at.%, were studied. Characterization methods included XRD analyses to investigate the biaxial texturing of the annealed [Ni-W]-Cu alloy tapes and studies of the magnetization for both as-rolled and annealed [Ni-W]-Cu alloy tapes. Both the isothermal mass magnetizations <I>M</I>(<I>H</I>) of a series of samples at different fixed temperatures and <I>M</I>(<I>T</I>) in fixed field, were measured. The effect of Cu addition on both the saturation magnetization and Curie temperature T<SUB>c</SUB> of the Ni<SUB>97at.%</SUB>-W<SUB>3at.%</SUB> alloy was investigated.</P>

Supplementation of oil-based inactivated H9N2 vaccine with M2e antigen enhances resistance against heterologous H9N2 avian influenza virus infection

Park, J.K.,Lee, D.H.,Cho, C.H.,Yuk, S.S.,To, E.O.,Kwon, J.H.,Noh, J.Y.,Kim, B.Y.,Choi, S.W.,Shim, B.S.,Song, M.K.,Lee, J.B.,Park, S.Y.,Choi, I.S.,Song, C.S. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2014 Veterinary microbiology Vol.169 No.3

Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype H9N2 has been evolving rapidly and vaccine escape variants have been reported to cause circulation of infections and economic losses. In the present study, we developed and evaluated ectodomain of the AIV matrix 2 (M2e) protein as a supplementing antigen for oil-based inactivated H9N2 vaccine to increase resistance against vaccine escape variants. AIV H9N2 M2e antigen was expressed in Escherichia coli and supplemented to inactivated H9N2 oil emulsion vaccine. Specific pathogen-free chickens received a single injection of inactivated H9N2 oil emulsion vaccines with or without M2e supplementation. At three weeks post vaccination, hemagglutination inhibition tests and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were performed to determine serological immune responses. Challenge study using a vaccine escape H9N2 variant was performed to evaluate the efficacy of M2e supplementation. M2e antigen supplemented in oil emulsion vaccine was highly immunogenic, and a single M2e-supplemented vaccination reduced challenge virus replication and shedding more effectively than non-supplemented vaccination.

M-13 bacteriophage based structural color sensor for detecting antibiotics

Moon, J.S.,Park, M.,Kim, W.G.,Kim, C.,Hwang, J.,Seol, D.,Kim, C.S.,Sohn, J.R.,Chung, H.,Oh, J.W. Elsevier Sequoia 2017 Sensors and actuators. B Chemical Vol.240 No.-

Color sensor systems that exploit the advantages of M-13 bacteriophage have been shown to be potentially useful for detection of hazardous materials. The properties of M-13 bacteriophage can be systemically modified to impart target-specific selectivity and sensitivity using the phage display technique. Here, we describe a structural color-based sensor that utilizes genetically engineered M-13 bacteriophage to discriminate different types of antibiotics. An M-13 bacteriophage based structural color matrix was fabricated using a simple pulling technique by self-assembly of M-13 bacteriophage. When exposed to organic solvent, M-13 bacteriophage bundles promptly swell and promote distinct structural color change. Color sensors composed of M-13 bacteriophage genetically engineered to possess WHW peptide motifs clearly discriminated three different types of antibiotics, which was based on the color analysis of sensor using principal component analysis. Our sensing approach based on M-13 bacteriophage could be a promising sensor technique such as an environmental monitoring system.

한외여과된 돈혈청으로부터 DEAE - Sephacel Chromatography 에 의한 면역단백질의 분리

박우문,유익종,전기홍,이무하 한국축산학회 1997 한국축산학회지 Vol.39 No.1

Concentrated porcine serum with ultrafiltration 30KDa was purified with DEAF-Sephacel column chromatography. Buffer solution with pH 7 to 9 and buffer concentration with 0.01M to 0.05M, and NaCl gradient with 0M∼0.5M, 0M∼0.8M and 0M∼1.0M were used respectively for chromatographic purification. Optimal conditions were at pH 8.0, buffer conc. 0.03M and salt conc, 0M∼0.5M with immunoprotein concentration 82% and production yield 43%. Purified immunoprotein was identified in the molecular weight 50KDa and 15KDa by electrophoresis.

Differential growth of U and M type infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus in a rainbow trout–derived cell line, RTG-2

Park, J W,Moon, C H,Wargo, A R,Purcell, M K,Kurath, G Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Journal of fish diseases Vol.33 No.7

<P>Abstract</P><P>Infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is one of the most important viral pathogens of salmonids. In rainbow trout, IHNV isolates in the M genogroup are highly pathogenic, while U genogroup isolates are significantly less pathogenic. We show here that, at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1, a representative U type strain yielded 42-fold less infectious virus than an M type strain in the rainbow trout–derived RTG-2 cell line at 24 h post-infection (p.i.). However, at an MOI of 10, there was only fivefold difference in the yield of infectious virus between the U and M strains. Quantification of extracellular viral genomic RNA suggested that the number of virus particles released from cells infected with the U strain at a MOI of 1 was 47-fold lower than from M-infected cells, but U and M virions were equally infectious by particle to infectivity ratios. At an MOI of 1, U strain intracellular viral genome accumulation and transcription were 37- and 12-fold lower, respectively, than those of the M strain at 24 h p.i. Viral nucleocapsid (N) protein accumulation in U strain infections was fivefold lower than in M strain infections. These results suggest that the block in U type strain growth in RTG-2 cells was because of the effects of reduced genome replication and transcription. The reduced growth of the U strain does not seem to be caused by defective genes, because the U and M strains grew equally well in the permissive <I>epithelioma papulosum cyprini</I> cell line at an MOI of 1. This suggests that host-specific factors in RTG-2 cells control the growth of the IHNV U and M strains differently, leading to growth restriction of the U type virus during the RNA synthesis step.</P>

계단형 텅스텐 결정면의 질소 흡착에 관한 연구 : Ⅱ. W(210) 및 W(310)면

최대선(D. S. Choi),한종훈(J. H. Han),백선목(S. M. Paik),박노길(N. G. Park),김욕욱(Y. W. Kim),황정남(C. N. Whang) 한국진공학회(ASCT) 1996 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.5 No.4

장전자 방출법으로 텡스텐 (210)면 및 (310)면(100)면의 질소 흡착에 의한 일함수의 변화에 heat of desorption을 측정하였으며 Thermal Desortion Spectra(TDS) 결과로부터 adsorption site를 예측하였다. 텅스텐 (210)면 및 (310)면에 에 질소가 흡착될 때 흡착율에 따라 일함수는 증가하다가 각 면에 대하여 흡착율 5 Langmuir일때 최대 변화량 0.29 eV및 0.20 eV에서 포화되었다. TDS 결과는 이 면들은 낮은 dose의 영역에서 각각 3개의 흡착 site가 있음을 보였으며 이 흡착 site들 중 α₁state의 spectrum의 강도는 (210)면에서 보다 (310)면에서 상대적으로 강해짐을 보였다. 또한 (210)와 (310)면의 α₁ 과 β₂ state의 흡착 site에 흡착된 질소의 dipole moment의 방향은 이 흡착 site들에 대응되는 (100)면의 α₁ 과 β₂state의 흡착 site에 흡착된 질소의 dipole moment의 방향과 반대 방향으로 측정되었으며 이 현상으로부터 질소의 상대적인 흡착 위치를 예측하였다. The heat of desorption and the work function change induced by nitrogen adsorption on the stepped tungstein surface planes, W(210) and W(310), are measured using the Field Electron Emission Microscope(FEM). The adsoption sites are predicted from the Thermal Desortion Spectra(TDS). The work function change of both W(210) and W(310) planes increase as increasing the nitrogen dose and saturates at the nitrogen dose about 5 Langmuir to 0.29 eV and 0.20 ev respectively. We find three adsorption site on each plane for the low dose range. The TDS result shows that the intensity of α₁, state on W(310) is much stronger than that of α₁ state on W(210), and the direction of nitrogen dipole moment adsorbed on the sites correspond to α₁, and β₂ states on W(210) and W(310) planes are in the opposite direction to that of the equivalent states on W(100) plane. From this observation we can predict the relative atomic position in the zdirection (perpendicular direction to the surface) of nitrogen molecules/atoms adsorbed on these sites.

Lactobacillus reuteri의 주요 식품 위해 미생물에 대한 항균 효과

권남훈,김소현,배원기,김지연,임지연,노경민,김준만,안종삼,허진,박용호,Kwon, Nam-Hoon,Kim, So-Hyun,Bae, W.K.,Kim, J.Y.,Lim, J.Y.,Noh, K.M.,Kim, J.M.,Ahn, J.S.,Hur, J.,Park, Y.H. 한국식품위생안전성학회 2001 한국식품위생안전성학회지 Vol.16 No.4

본 연구에서는 5종의 유산균들 (Lactobacillus reuteri, L. acidophillus, L. bulgaricus, L. casei and Bifidobacterium longum)의 식중독 균들에 대한 항균력을 조사하였다. 각 유산균들을 3가지 서로 다른 조건 (MRS+glucose, MRS+0.5 M glycerol, 0.25 M glycerol solution)에서 배양한 후 그 상층액이 포함된 Moulter Hinton Agar에 8종의 유해균들을 접종하였다. MRS+glucose, MRS+0.5 M glycero에서의 상층액을 이용한 실험에서는 L. reuteri의 항균력이 다른 유산균들에 비해 높지 않았으나 0.25 M glycerol solution에서는 탁월하게 높은 결과를 나타내었다. (p<0.05). 0.25 M glycerol solution에서 나타난 높은 항균력은 L. reuteri가 glycerol을 이용하여 생산하는 reuterin이란 물질 때문이라 생각되며, 0.25 M glycerol solution의 상층액을 500 MHz Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)를 통해 분석한 결과 reuterin의 존재를 확인할 수 있었다. 3가지 조건 하에서의 항균력 시험 결과 가장 높은 항균력을 나타낸 3가지 유산균들 (Lactobacillus resuteri, L. bulgaricus, L. casei)을 선발, 각각 최고의 항균력을 나타낸 조건으로 배양하여 최소사멸농도 (minimum bactericidal concentration)를 측정한 결과, L. reuteri가 생산한 reuterin이 광범위 항균물질임을 확인하였다. 또한 pH 적정, pepsin 혹은 trypsin 처리를 한 후 3가지 유산균들의 항균력 변화를 조사한 결과 L. bulgaricus와 L. casei의 항균력은 이러한 조건에서 상당히 감소한 반면 reuterin의 항균력은 아무런 영향을 받지않았다 (p<0.05). 이상의 결과들로 보아 주요 유산균들 중에서 L. reuteri의 항균력이 가장 우수하면서 광범위하였으며 이는 L. reuteri가 분비하는 항균물질인 reuterin에 기인한 것으로 사료된다. 또한 reuterin의 항균력은 타 유산균과는 달리 장관내 pH나 단백질 분해효소에 의해 영향을 받지 않으므로 인체나 동물 장관에서 가장 높은 효력을 가진다고 판단할 수 있다. Antimicrobial activities of ave different probiotics (Lactobacillus reuteri, L. acidophillus, L. bulgaricus, L. casei and Bifidobacterium longum) against 8 bacterial pathogens were determined on the Mueller Hinton Agar containing supernatant of probiotics obtained from 3 different growth conditions (MRS without glycerol, MRS with 0.5 M glycerol or 0.25 M glycerol solution). Though antimicrobial activity of L. reuteri in the first two conditions was not better than the others', the activity was significantly higher than that of others in 0.25 M glycerol solution. This prominent effect might be attributable to reuterin, produced by L. reuteri using glycerol. We could detect the presence of reuterin in the supernatant of 0.25 M glycerol solution with 500 MHz Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The result of minimum bactericidal concentration (dilution fold) has revealed that reuterin showed pan-bactericidal effects against 8 major food-borne pathogens. To examine any changes of antimicrobial activities of the probiotics, the probiotics were treated with different pH conditions, pepsin or trypsin digestion. Antimicrobial activity of reuterin was not entirely affected by any of these treatments, while the activities of the other probiotics were significantly decreased.

Magnetism in Ni-W textured substrates for coated conductors

Song K. J.,Park Y. M.,Yang J. S.,Kim S. W.,Ko R. K.,Kim H. S.,Ha H. S,Oh S. S.,Park C.,Joo J. H.,Kim C. J. The Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity a 2005 한국초전도저온공학회논문지 Vol.7 No.2

The magnetic properties of a series of both annealed (biaxially textured) and as-rolled (non-textured) Ni-xW alloy tapes with compositions x = 0,1,3, and 5 at.$\%$, were studied. Characterization methods included XRD analyses to investigate the biaxial cube texturing of the annealed Ni-W alloy tapes and studies of the magnetization M for both annealed and as-rolled Ni-W alloy tapes. Both the isothermal mass magnetizations M(H) of a series of samples at different fixed temperatures and M(T) in fixed field, employing a PPMS-9 (Quantum Design), were measured. The Ni-W alloys have shown much reduced ferromagnetism as W-content x increases. Both the saturation magnetization Msat and Curie temperature Tc decrease linearly with W-content x, and both Msat and Tc go to zero at critical concentration of Xc - 9.50 at. $\%$ W.

Phase II study and biomarker analysis of cetuximab combined with modified FOLFOX6 in advanced gastric cancer

Han, S-W,Oh, D-Y,Im, S-A,Park, S R,Lee, K-W,Song, H S,Lee, N-S,Lee, K H,Choi, I S,Lee, M H,Kim, M A,Kim, W H,Bang, Y-J,Kim, T-Y Nature Publishing Group 2009 The British journal of cancer Vol.100 No.2

<P>This prospective study was conducted with the Korean Cancer Study Group to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cetuximab combined with modified FOLFOX6 (mFOLFOX6) as first-line treatment in recurrent or metastatic gastric cancer and to identify potential predictive biomarkers. Patients received cetuximab 400 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP> at week 1 and 250 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP> weekly thereafter until disease progression. Oxaliplatin (100 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP>) and leucovorin (100 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP>) were administered as a 2-h infusion followed by a 46-h continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (2400 mg m<SUP>−2</SUP>) every 2 weeks for a maximum of 12 cycles. Biomarkers potentially associated with efficacy were analysed. Among 38 evaluable patients, confirmed response rate (RR) was 50.0% (95% CI 34.1–65.9). Median time-to-progression (TTP) was 5.5 months (95% CI 4.5–6.5) and overall survival (OS) 9.9 months. Eleven patients having tumour EGFR expression by immunohistochemistry with low serum EGF and TGF-<I>α</I> levels showed a 100% RR compared to 37.0% in the remaining 27 patients (<I>P</I><0.001). Moreover, ligand level increased when disease progressed in seven out of eight patients with EGFR expression and low baseline ligand level. No patient exhibited EGFR amplification or K-ras mutations. Gastric cancer patients with EGFR expression and low ligand levels had better outcomes with cetuximab/mFOLFOX6 treatment.</P>