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Evaluation of the Neurological Safety of Epidural Milnacipran in Rats
( Seung Mo Lim ),( Mee Ran Shin ),( Kyung Ho Kang ),( Hyun Kang ),( Francis Sahngun Nahm ),( Baek Hui Kim ),( Hwa Yong Shin ),( Young Jin Lim ),( Sang Chul Lee ) 대한통증학회 2012 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.25 No.4
Background: Milnacipran is a balanced serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with minimal side effects and broad safety margin. It acts primarily on the descending inhibitory pain pathway in brain and spinal cord. In many animal studies, intrathecal administration of milnacipran is effective in neuropathic pain management. However, there is no study for the neurological safety of milnacipran when it is administered neuraxially. This study examined the neurotoxicity of epidural milnacipran by observing behavioral and sensory-motor changes with histopathological examinations of spinal cords in rats. Methods: Sixty rats were divided into 3 groups, with each group receiving epidural administration of either 0.3 ml (3 mg) of milnacipran (group M, n = 20), 0.3 ml of 40% alcohol (group A, n = 20), or 0.3 ml of normal saline (group S, n = 20). Results: There were no abnormal changes in the behavioral, sensory-motor, or histopathological findings in all rats of groups M and S over a 3-week observation period, whereas all rats in group A had abnormal changes. Conclusions: Based on these findings, the direct epidural administration of milnacipran in rats did not present any evidence of neurotoxicity in behavioral, sensory-motor and histopathological evaluations.
Evaluation of the Neurological Safety of Epidural Milnacipran in Rats
Lim, Seung-Mo,Shin, Mee-Ran,Kang, Kyung-Ho,Kang, Hyun,Nahm, Francis Sahn-Gun,Kim, Baek-Hui,Shin, Hwa-Yong,Lim, Young-Jin,Lee, Sang-Chul The Korean Pain Society 2012 The Korean Journal of Pain Vol.25 No.4
Background: Milnacipran is a balanced serotonin norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with minimal side effects and broad safety margin. It acts primarily on the descending inhibitory pain pathway in brain and spinal cord. In many animal studies, intrathecal administration of milnacipran is effective in neuropathic pain management. However, there is no study for the neurological safety of milnacipran when it is administered neuraxially. This study examined the neurotoxicity of epidural milnacipran by observing behavioral and sensory-motor changes with histopathological examinations of spinal cords in rats. Methods: Sixty rats were divided into 3 groups, with each group receiving epidural administration of either 0.3 ml (3 mg) of milnacipran (group M, n = 20), 0.3 ml of 40% alcohol (group A, n = 20), or 0.3 ml of normal saline (group S, n = 20). Results: There were no abnormal changes in the behavioral, sensory-motor, or histopathological findings in all rats of groups M and S over a 3-week observation period, whereas all rats in group A had abnormal changes. Conclusions: Based on these findings, the direct epidural administration of milnacipran in rats did not present any evidence of neurotoxicity in behavioral, sensory-motor and histopathological evaluations.
임희겸(Hui-Gyeom Lim),김상현(Sang-Hyun Kim),김태형(Tae-Hyung Kim),소운영(Woon Young So),이태희(Tae Hui Lee),김승철(Seung Chul Kim),김진태(Jin-Tae Kim) 대한방사선과학회(구 대한방사선기술학회) 2017 방사선기술과학 Vol.40 No.3
This study proposes effective quality control and maintenance method by developing a new qualitative evaluation method of apron for medical radiation protection. As an experimental material, one of 0.45 mm lead and 100 of 0.45 mm Pb aprons were used and irradiated under the conditions of a tube voltage of 75 kVp and a tube current of 12.5 mAs to obtain an image. and using the Image J program, PSNR values were compared and analyzed. The results showed that there were 40 aprons (less than 11dB), 55 aprons (less than 11dB, less than 30dB), and 5 aprons (30dB or more). In addition, the dose showed a normal distribution for the apron, and 5 aprons with PSNR less than 11dB and 30dB or more were se-lected and divided into 8 zones, and these groups were statistically significant. 의료방사선 방호용 앞치마의 새로운 정성적인 평가방법을 개발하여 효과적인 정도관리 및 보수 관리법을 제시 하고자 한다. 임상에서 사용되고 있는 0.45 mm Pb 앞치마 100개를 대상으로 관전압 75 kVp, 관전류 12.5 mAs의 방사선 조사조건으로 영상을 획득하였고, 동일한 조건으로 0.45 mm 납판을 대상으로 비교하였다. 획득된 영상은 Image J 프로그램을 이용하여 최대 신호 대 잡음 비(Pick Signal-to-Noise Ratio; PSNR) 값을 비교하였다. PSNR은 납판의 이미지와 상이한 앞치마(11dB 미만)는 40개, 유사한 앞치마(11dB 이상, 30dB 미만)는 55개, 거의 동일한 (30dB 이상) 앞치마는 5개였다. 또한 선량은 앞치마에 대해서 정규분포를 나타냈으며, PSNR이 11dB 미만, 30dB 이상인 앞치마를 각 5개씩 선정한 후 8구역으로 나누어 비교분석한 결과 두 그룹은 통계적으로 유의하였다. 결론 적으로, Image J 프로그램을 통해 획득한 PSNR 값은 앞치마의 정도관리 및 정기적인 성능평가가 가능한 정도관리 및 보수 관리법으로 적용 가능할 것으로 판단된다.
Lim, Jong-Ok,Oh, Myeong-Hui,Lee, Jong-Wook,Lee, Seung-Hwan Korean Society of Applied Entomology 2007 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.10 No.4
An ectoparasitoid natural enemy, Cephalonomia gallicola (Ashmead 1887) (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae) was found in the mass rearing colonies of cigarette beetle, Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius 1792) (Coleoptera: Anobiidae), under laboratory condition. As the first record in Korea, the description of the apterous female is provided for the macerated microslide specimens, with the detail illustration for the taxonomic characteristics and the biometric data.
A 1.2-V Wide-Band SC Filter for Wireless Communication Transceivers
Yang, Hui-Kwan,Cha, Sang-Hyun,Lee, Seung-Yun,Lee, Sang-Heon,Lim, Jin-Up,Choi, Joong-Ho The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2006 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.6 No.4
This paper presents the design of a low-voltage wide-band switched-capacitor (SC) filter for wireless communication receiver applications. The filter is the 5th-order Elliptic lowpass filter. With the clock frequency of 50MHz implying that an effective sampling frequency is 100MHz with double sampling scheme, the cut-off frequency of the filter is programmable to be 1.25MHz, 2.5MHz, 5MHz and 10MHz. For low-power systems powered by a single-cell battery, the SC filter was elaborately designed to operate at 1.2V power supply. Simulation result shows that the 3rd-order input intercept point (IIP3) can be up to 27dBm. The filter was fabricated in a $0.25-{\mu}m$ 1P5M standard CMOS technology and measured frequency responses show good agreement with the simulation ones. The current consumption is 34mA at a 1.2V power supply.