사과 추출물과 phloretin에 의한 항염증 활성

김근호(Geun-Ho Kim),이은주(Eun-Joo Lee),류승민(Seung-Min Ryu),손호용(Ho-Yong Sohn),김종식(Jong-Sik Kim) 한국생명과학회 2021 생명과학회지 Vol.31 No.2

본 연구에서는 풋사과의 열수추출물(GAHW)과 에탄올추출물(GAE), 그리고 애사과 열수추출물(UAHW)을 제조하고 LPS로 활성화된 RAW264.7세포주를 이용하여 이들의 항염증 활성을 연구하였다. 모든 추출물이 세포생존율에는 영향을 미치지 않고 nitric oxide (NO) 생산을 저해하였으며, iNOS의 발현도 감소시켰다. 반면, UAHW만이 COX-2의 발현을 저해하였다. 또한 모든 추출물이 모든 MAPKs의 인산화를 감소시켰다. 모든 추출물이 ROS의 생산을 농도의존적으로 감소시켰으며, GAHW와 GAE에 의해 HO-1의 발현이 증가됨을 확인하였다. 또한, 사과 flavonoid인 phloretin과 phloridzin의 항염증 활성을 연구하였다. Phloretin은 농도의존적으로 NO의 생산을 저해하였으나, phloridzin은 NO 생산에 아무 영향이 없었다. 또한, phloretin은 iNOS와 COX-2 단백질의 발현을 감소시킨 반면, phloridzin은 두 단백질 발현에 영향을 주지 못하였다. 따라서, 이러한 연구결과는 사과 추출물은 MAPK 경로와 HO-1 경로를 조절함으로써 항염증 활성을 가지며, phloretin이 사과의 항염증 활성을 담당하는 파이토케미칼의 하나가 될 수 있음을 제시한다. In the present study, we prepared hot water extracts of green apple (GAHW) and unripe apple (UAHW), and ethanol extract of green apple (GAE), and investigated their anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. All extracts dramatically suppressed nitric oxide (NO) production in a dose-dependent manner in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells without affecting cell viability. In addition, all extracts decreased the expression of iNOS, whereas UAHW only reduced the expression of COX-2. All extracts suppressed the phosphorylation of MAPKs (p38, ERK, and JNK) indicating all extracts show their anti-inflammatory activities via regulating MAPK pathway. Furthermore, all extracts reduced the production of reactive oxygen species in a dose-dependent manner and they increased the expression of heme oxygenase-I (HO-I) whereas UAHW could not. We also investigated whether apple flavonoids phloretin and phloridzin can have their anti-inflammatory activities in same in vitro model. Phloretin dramatically decreased NO production in a dose dependent manner without affecting cell viability, whereas phloridzin have no effects. Phloretin also reduced the expression of iNOS as well as COX-2, whereas phloridzin could not. Overall, these results suggest that apple extracts have their anti-inflammatory activities via regulating MAPKs and HO-1 pathways, and apple flavonoid phloretin can be one of phytochemicals responsible for anti-inflammatory effect of apple.

Protective Effect of Heme Oxygenase-1 on High Glucose-Induced Pancreatic β-Cell Injury

Lee, Eun-Mi,Lee, Young-Eun,Lee, Esder,Ryu, Gyeong Ryul,Ko, Seung-Hyun,Moon, Sung-Dae,Song, Ki-Ho,Ahn, Yu-Bae Korean Diabetes Association 2011 Diabetes and Metabolism Journal Vol.35 No.5

<P><B>Background</B></P><P>Glucose toxicity that is caused by chronic exposure to a high glucose concentration leads to islet dysfunction and induces apoptosis in pancreatic β-cells. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has been identified as an anti-apoptotic and cytoprotective gene. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether HO-1 up-regulation when using metalloprotophyrin (cobalt protoporphyrin, CoPP) could protect pancreatic β-cells from high glucose-induced apoptosis.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to analyze the CoPP-induced mRNA expression of HO-1. Cell viability of INS-1 cells cultured in the presence of CoPP was examined by acridine orange/propidium iodide staining. The generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using flow cytometry. Glucose stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) was determined following incubation with CoPP in different glucose concentrations.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>CoPP increased HO-1 mRNA expression in both a dose- and time-dependent manner. Overexpression of HO-1 inhibited caspase-3, and the number of dead cells in the presence of CoPP was significantly decreased when exposed to high glucose conditions (HG). CoPP also decreased the generation of intracellular ROS by 50% during 72 hours of culture with HG. However, decreased GSIS was not recovered even in the presence of CoPP.</P><P><B>Conclusion</B></P><P>Our data suggest that CoPP-induced HO-1 up-regulation results in protection from high glucose-induced apoptosis in INS-1 cells; however, glucose stimulated insulin secretion is not restored.</P>

간경변증 환자의 정신과적 특성 및 아임상적 간성뇌병증 진단을 위한 연구 : 인지기능 및 유발전위를 중심으로 Cognitive Functions and Evoked Potentials

유승호,이소영,김진세,변관수,정인과 大韓神經精神醫學會 2001 신경정신의학 Vol.40 No.5

연구목적 : 본 연구는 명백한 간성뇌병증이 없는 간경변증 환자에서 불안, 우울기분 및 삶의 질 등 정신과적 특징과 신경심리학적인 결손의 양상을 밝히기 위해서 고안되었다. 그리고 아임상적 간성뇌병증의 평가에서 체성감각 유발전위 검사의 역할을 연구하고자 하였다. 방 법 : 간경변증으로 진단된 41명의 환자군과 정상 대조군 31명을 대상으로 하였다. 이들에서 우울기분 및 불안을 평가하기 위해 Beck Depression Inventory와 State & Trait Anxiety Inventory를 시행하였고 삶의 질의 평가를 위해 Health-related Quality of Life Questionnaire를 시행하였다. 또한 어휘검사, 숫자외우기 검사, 토막짜기 검사, 숫자기호 바꿔쓰기 검사 및 선로잇기 검사 A와 B 등 간단하지만 포괄적인 인지기능검사를 시행하였다. 또한 41명의 환자군 중에서 인지기능검사 결과에 의거하여 분류된 13명의 아임상적 간성뇌병증군(SHE군)과 11명의 아임상적 간성뇌병증이 아닌 간경변증 환자군(non-SHE군) 그리고 8명의 정상 대조군에서 체성감각 유발전위를 측정하였다. 결 과 : 간경변증 환자는 정상인에 비해서 우울기분과 특성불안이 유의하게 증가하였다. 또한 건강과 관련된 일상생활의 삶의 질의 수준이 정상인보다 저하되었고, 특히 주의력과 각성이 요구되는 행동에서 수행이 저하되었다. 또한, 간경변증 환자는 숫자기호 바꿔쓰기 검사와 선로잇기 검사에서 정상 대조군보다 저하된 수행을 나타내었다. 또한 이러한 인지기능검사를 통해서 진단한 아임상적 간성뇌병증군에서 6개월 추적조사를 하였을 때, 명백한 간성뇌병증의 빈도가 아임상적 간성뇌병증이 아닌 군보다 유의하게 높았다. 체성감각 유발전위 소견은 N65 잠복기와 N20-N65 IPL의 경우 SHE군, non-SHE군 및 정상 대조군 사이의 유의한 차이가 있었다. 특히 N65는 SHE군만이 정상 대조군과 유의한 차이가 있었고 N95는 숫자기호 바꿔쓰기 검사 및 선로잇기 검사 A와 유의한 상관관계가 있었다. 결 론 : 간경변증 환자에게 우울 및 불안 등 정서적인 어려움에 대한 실제적인 관리 및 삶의 질을 높일 수 있는 치료적 접근이 고려되어야 하겠다. 또한 숫자기호 바꿔쓰기 검사와 선로잇기 검사가 아임상적 간성뇌병증의 조기 진단에 민감하고 유용한 도구로 생각되어 간경변증 환자에서 정례적으로 적용시키는 것이 간경변증 환자의 관리에 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 마지막으로, 본 연구에서의 체성감각 유발전위 소견은 간경변증 환자에서 아임상적 간성뇌병증 환자의 진단 및 연구에 중요한 의미를 지닌다고 생각된다. Objectives : This study was designed to elucidate the psychiatric characteristics and nature of the neuropsychological deficits associated with subclinical hepatic encephalopathy(SHE) in patients with non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis. And also the authors prospectively studied the role of somatosensory evoked potentials(SEP) in the assessment of SHE. Methods : Beck Depression Inventory(BDI) for measuring depression, State Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI) for measuring anxiety, and Health-related Quality of Questionnaire(HQLQ) for measuring quality of life were administered the 41 non-encephalopathic liver cirrhosis patients(NELC) group and 31 carefully matched normal controls. And a prospective study to compare the performance of NELC group and normal controls on a short but comprehensive cognitive tests was conducted. After several cognitive, NELC group was divided into two groups, SHE group and non-SHE group by results of digit symbol substitution test(DSST) and/or trail making test(TMT) A and B. And then median nerve evoked cortical responses in 13 SHE patients group, 11 non-SHE patients group, and 8 normal controls were recorded for latencies of N13, P16, N20, P25, N30, P45, N65, and P95. And also responses for N13-N20 interpeak latency(IPL) and N20-N65 IPL were recorded. Results : There were significant differences between the NELC group and normal controls on BDI, trait anxiety scales in STAI, and almost all HQLQ except for the cognitive function, social interaction and life satisfaction(p<0.05). The NELC group exhibited poor performance in DSST, TMT A and TMT B compared with normal controls(p<0.05). As 17 NELC patients had abnormal cognitive test results, 41.5% of cirrhotic patients had SHE. In SEP assessment, NELC group with SHE and without SHE had higher N20-N65 IPL and only NELC group with SHE had higher N65 latency compared with normal controls(p<0.05). Conclusion : This study suggests that the patients with liver cirrhosis exhibit relatively selective deficits in complex attentional and fine motor skills, with preservation of general intellectual ability, memory, language and visuospatial perception. DSST, TMT A and TMT B seem to be useful screening tests for the detection of SHE. And also it is expected that late components and N20-N65 IPLs of SEP are helpful in the assessment of SHE.

향정신성 약물이 혈청 지질, 지단백 및 아포지단백 농도에 미치는 영향

유승호,정인과,곽동일 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.3

향정신성 약물의 장기투여는 지방대사에 미치는 영향으로 인해 체중증가 및 심혈관계 질환과 관련이 있다고 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 향정신성 약물이 심혈관계질환의 위험요소로 알려진 혈청 지질, 지단백 및 아포지단백에 미치는 영향을 조사하고자 하였다. 고려대학교 의과대학 부속 구로병원 정신과에서 치료받은 환자로 신체질환의 별력이 없으며 최소한 3개월 이상 항성신병약물이나 항우울제로 치료받지 않은 화자들을 대상으로 항정신병약물, TCA 및 SSRI를 투여하였다. 약물 투여전과 투여 2주, 4주, 8주, 그리고 12주에 결쳐서 혈청 총 콜레스테롤, HDL-C, LDL-C, apo A, apo B 그리고 Lp(a)를 각각 측정한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 항정신병약물 투여군에서 약물 투여전보다 총 콜레스테롤이 증가하는 경향성을 보이고 HDL-C가 감소하는 경향성을 보였으나 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다. 2) TCA 투여군에서 총 콜레스테롤의 경우 기준치와 비교해서 4주, 8주, 12주에서 각각 유의한 증가를 보였으며, LDL-C은 8주째 유의한 증가를 보였다. 또한 apo A는 12주째에 유의한 증가를 보였고, apo B는 8주째에서 유의한 증가를 보였다. 3) SSRI 투여군에서 총 콜레스테롤 농도는 4주, 8주, 12주에서 각각 유의한 증가를 보였고, apo B는 8주째에 유의한 증가를 보였다. 4) 약물투여후 각대상군간의 시간경과에 따른 변화를 상호 비교하여보면, 총 콜레스테롤은 약물에 상관없이 시간경과에 따라 유의하게 변화하는 양상을 보였으나 세가지 약물간에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 결론적으로 향정신성 약물은 혈청 지질, 지단백 및 아포지단백 농도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보인다. 따라서 정신과 영역에서도 심혈관계 질환의 위험요소를 지닌 군은 이들 약물투여에 대한 주의와 관심이 필요할 것으로 사료된다. Objectives : Several studies suggest that psychotropic drugs may affect on lipid metabolism and body weight. And the differences of levels of serum lipids were observed in patients with several psychiatric disorders. Hence, in order to elucidate the effects of psychotropic drugs on serum lipid, lipopretein and apolipoprotein, the authors estimated the serum lipid profile in the psychopharmacological treatment. Methods : Thirty six patients with schizophrenia and 42 patients with depressive disorder of anxiety disorder were recruited from the inpatient psychiatric units and withdrawn from all psychotropic drugs at least for 3 months. The levels of serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C), triglyceride, apolipoprotein A, apolipoprotein B, and lipoprotein(a) were measured before the treatment and after 2,4,8 and 12 weeks of the treatment. Results : No statistically significant change was found on all serum lipid profiles in the antipsychotics group. However, the changes on serum total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein(LDL-C), apolipoprotein A, and apolipoprotein B from the baseline to the following weeks have been observed in tricyclic antidepressants group. And the serum total cholesterol and apolipoprotein B have been observed to be changed from the baseline to the following weeks in the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors group. The changes on serum lipoprotein(a) were proved not to be statistically significant during all the psychotropic drugs treatment. Conclusion : These results implicate that all psychotropic drugs might affect on the lipid metabolism, especially for tricyclic antidepressants. Therefore, this implication could be important in clinical situation because the changes on serum lipid profiles may be related to the cardiovascular disease especially in psychiatric patients with the cardiovascular risk factor.

소방구급대원의 응급처치 적절성 평가와 재교육 필요성

류석용,김원율,김경환,이상래,이경호,김홍용,이승한 대한응급의학회 2000 대한응급의학회지 Vol.11 No.2

Background: The prehospital emergency medical system(EMS) for 119 rescue has progressed considerably, but leaves much to be desired. To improve prehospital EMS, we need to evaluate prehospital patient care, and reeducation. Methods: The records of 1,882 patients, who visited Sanggye Paik Hospital Emergency Department via 119 rescue from April 1 to July 30, 1999, were analyzed according to the quality of patient care as documented by the 119 rescue protocol and database. Patients are grouped into 5 classes based on the quality of the care received. Class 1A received adequate care, class 1B received inadequate care, class 1C did not receive the necessary care, and class 2A received unnecessary care, class 2B did not receive unnecessary care. The results of such analyses are presented to the fireman at monthly meetings, thus reeducating them. Results: The overall results were 1027 cases in Class 1A(55%), 83 in 1B(4%), 149 in 1C(8%), 21 in 2A(1%), and 602 in 2B(32%). Well performed care(1A+2B) occured in 1629 cases(87%) and badly performed care(1B+1C+2A) occured in 253cases(13%). Well perfomed care gradually increased from April to July (April 83%, May 85%, June 87%, and July 89%). Conclusion: Meticulous appraisal of the quality of prehospital patient care and reeducation through the regular meetings of EMS physicians and firemen in each community is needed for developing a model protocol for indirect retrospective medical control of the prehospital EMS.

초고층 건물 예비구조설계를 위한 대안 평가시스템

류승호,김인호,정종현,김한수,홍성목 대한건축학회 2000 대한건축학회 학술발표대회 논문집 - 계획계/구조계 Vol.20 No.2

Gemfibrozil이 정상 성인의 기분 및 신경인지기능에 미치는 영향

유승호,장순주,김진세,정인과 대한생물치료정신의학회 2000 생물치료정신의학 Vol.6 No.2

Objectives : Many studies have reported that the mood and cognitive functions are related to serum lipid concentration. The current study sought to determine whether gemfibrozil, lipid-lowering agent, affects mood and neurocognitive functions in normal adults. Methods : Subjects were 15 healthy medical students and gemfibrozil of 600mg administered to them daily for 4 weeks. The levels of serum total cholesterol, high lipoprotein(HDL), low-density lipoprotein(LDL), and triglyceride were measured before the treatment and after 4weeks of the treatment. The depressive mood and anxiety were estimated from Beck Depression Inventory and Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventory at the baseline and the 4th week. Neurocognitive functions were estimated from digit span test, digit symbol substitution test, finger tapping test, visual continuous performance test and cued test at the baseline and the 4th week. Results : After four weeks, the subjects administered gemfibozil showed significant reductions in serum triglyceride levels(p=0.033), but other lipid levels did not show significant changes during the treatment. During gemfibrozil administration, no statistically significant changes were found in Beck Depression Inventory scales, Spielberger State and Trait Anxiety Inventory and other neurocognitive scales except for the digit symbol substitution test(p=0.000) between the baseline and following the 4th week. Conclusions : Even though we need more well-controlled and long-term follow-up study in various and a large number of groups, these findings suggest that the gemfibrozil administration do not affect the mood and the neurocognitive functions comprehensively.

괄루근의 Glycosidase들에 대한 연구

류병호,양승택,조은정,김동수,문윤희,김희숙 慶星大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.17 No.2

Several glycosidase activities, α-galactosidase, β-galactosidase and β-fucosidase and their isozymes were founded in Trichosantes kirilowii root, Trichosantes radix. The activities of α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase and α-fucosidase were also assayed but were not detected. Those glycosidases were isolated and partial purified glycosidases by acid-treated Sepharose-6B, anion exchange Mono-Q HPLC, DEAE-Sephacel, butyl-toyopearl hydrophobic column chromatographies. However, these glycosidases need to be purified more homogeneous and characterized.

반도체 미립자를 함유한 Silica Glass의 제조 및 특성

류봉기,이승한,임재호 釜山大學校生産技術硏究所 1998 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.55 No.-

본 연구에서는 Sol-Gel법을 이용하여 우수한 양자 사이즈 효과를 가진 ZnS를 함유한 실리카 유리를 제조하였다. 출발 물질로서 Si(OC₂H)₄와 Zn(CH₃COO)₂·2H₂O를 사용하여 무색 투명한 겔을 제조하였다. 얻어진 겔을 600℃에서 열처리를 하여 상온에서 H₂S gas와 반응시켜 유리 내에 ZnS 미세결정을 형성시켰다. ZnS 미립자의 밴드갭 에너지 3.71∼4.27eV였는데 이 값은 벌크상 ZnS의 밴드갭보다 약 0.1∼0.5eV 더 높은 수치를 나타내었다. ZnS 미세결정의 크기는 EMA(Effective Mass Approximation)에 의해 구하였는데, 이는 ZnO의 투여량과 H₂S gas와의 반응시간에 따라 변화하였다. ZnS 미세결정의 크기가 증가함에 따라, 광흡수단은 낮은 에너지영역으로 이동하였는데, 이 현상은 양자 사이즈 효과를 보여주고 있다. In this study, Sol-Gel process has been applied to make ZnS-doped silica glass having a significant quantum size effect. Si(OC₂H)₄ and Zn(CH₃COO)₂·2H?O were used to prepare transparent and colorless gels. These gels were heated at 600℃, then reacted with H₂S gas to form fine ZnS microcrystals in glasses. The opical band gap of the ZnS microcrystals was 3.71∼4.27eV, which was 0.1∼0.5eV higher than that of bulk ZnS crystal. The size of ZnS microcrystals calculated by EMA(Effective Mass Approximation) in glasses changed with ZnO concentration and H₂S gas reaction time. As the size of the ZnS microcrystal increased, the absorption edge of spectra shifted to the low-energy side, thus providing quantum size effect.

현역군인 발생을 중심으로 본 2001년도 국내 삼일열 말라리아 발생 현황

류승호,이원자,김영아,채종일,박재원 대한감염학회 2002 감염 Vol.34 No.5