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        Trade Facilitation for the Products of the Industry 4.0: The case of Customs Classification of Drone

        Ji-Soo Yi,So-Young Moon 한국무역학회 2019 Journal of Korea trade Vol.23 No.8

        Purpose - This paper investigates the implications for facilitating trade in the products of Industry 4.0. To identify the issues caused by the conflicts of policy objectives such as applying the tariff concession under the ITA and imposing the export control, by exploring the case of classification of drones. Design/methodology - We adopted a single case study method to gain a deeper understanding of the complex and multifaceted issues of Customs classification in the context of facilitating trade in the products of Industry 4.0. This study employs the case of drones to explore how these issues of Customs classification affect trade facilitation. We ensured the internal validity of the study by confirming the pattern of the results with the existing theories. Findings - Our main findings can be summarised as follows: the intrinsic nature of the products that converge several technologies causes issues in the classification. The inconsistency in product classification delays customs clearance by hindering the Customs risk-management system that pinpoints products subject to controls. To address the issues, therefore, we proposed fundamental reforms of Customs to empower themselves with management roles. Facilitating trade in the products of Industry 4.0 requires more enhanced Customs capability. Therefore, the reforms should include comprehensive capacity-building activities, such as changes in staff-trainings, promotion system, organisation and culture. Customs also need roles in robust designing of cooperative systems to compensate for the lacks of controls and to ensure concrete risk management for expedited Customs procedures. As well, by equipping the Single Window of Customs with crucial control functions of other ministries, Customs need to support the cooperation. The role of harmonising various preaudits of other ministries with its own is another essential role that ensures predictability of clearance procedure. Originality/value - There are scanty studies in the field of knowledge about what obstacles exist and what solution is available in the course of transforming to ‘Industry 4.0’. In filling out the gap of knowledge, this paper is of academic significance in that it applies the research theory on trade facilitation for the specific cases of classification of the product of Industry 4.0 to verify its effectiveness and to extend the subject of the studies to the scope of Industry 4.0. It also has practical significance in that the results have provided implications for reforms of Customs procedures to facilitate trade in the products of Industry 4.0.

      • KCI등재

        A Study on the Dispute Settlement Procedure for the Preferential Rules of Origin

        Yi, Ji-Soo The Korean Association of Arbitration Studies 2016 중재연구 Vol.26 No.3

        The preferential Rules of Origin (RoO) govern tariff preferences that are given in accordance with the FTA. However, relatively few studies have been devoted to the procedures in settling disputes that are relevant to RoO under the FTA. This study is a first attempt at analyzing the applicability and the potential improvement in dispute settlement procedures in FTAs targeted at the preferential RoO. By exploring three dispute cases involving the preferential RoO, it is suggested that restrictiveness, complexity, and uncertainty that are inherent in the preferential RoO may trigger political tension and dispute. Forming a panel that is capable of mitigating political tension, facilitating participation and early cooperation of experts and stakeholders, and establishing a well-structured enforcement procedure are essential in dispute settlement procedures to resolve disputes involving cases on RoO. Furthermore, the current dispute settlement procedure that hinders the private sector's access should be changed to one that is more open to private sector entities, such as companies, to facilitate the enforcement of the decision. Given that more improved FTA dispute settlement procedure may guarantee the enforcement and application of the FTA preferential treatment in relation with more politically powerful states and foster genuine free trades, more in-depth studies must be conducted on this topic.

      • KCI등재

        A Study on the Dispute Settlement Procedure for the Preferential Rules of Origin

        Ji-Soo Yi 한국중재학회 2016 중재연구 Vol.26 No.3

        The preferential Rules of Origin (RoO) govern tariff preferences that are given in accordance with the FTA. However, relatively few studies have been devoted to the procedures in settling disputes that are relevant to RoO under the FTA. This study is a first attempt at analyzing the applicability and the potential improvement in dispute settlement procedures in FTAs targeted at the preferential RoO. By exploring three dispute cases involving the preferential RoO, it is suggested that restrictiveness, complexity, and uncertainty that are inherent in the preferential RoO may trigger political tension and dispute. Forming a panel that is capable of mitigating political tension, facilitating participation and early cooperation of experts and stakeholders, and establishing a well-structured enforcement procedure are essential in dispute settlement procedures to resolve disputes involving cases on RoO. Furthermore, the current dispute settlement procedure that hinders the private sector’s access should be changed to one that is more open to private sector entities, such as companies, to facilitate the enforcement of the decision. Given that more improved FTA dispute settlement procedure may guarantee the enforcement and application of the FTA preferential treatment in relation with more politically powerful states and foster genuine free trades, more in-depth studies must be conducted on this topic.

      • KCI우수등재

        무역역량강화를 위한 온라인 교육과정 설계와 몰입도 향상에 관한 연구 - FTA 사이버연수원 개편 사례를 중심으로

        이지수(Ji-Soo Yi),이두섭(Doo-Sub Lee) 한국무역학회 2023 貿易學會誌 Vol.48 No.6

        이 연구는 변화하는 무역환경에서 기업과 개인이 원하는 무역 지식을 그들이 필요로 하는 속도와 심도로 효과적으로 전달하는 체계를 탐색하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이 연구는 산업계의 대부분을 차지하는 중소기업 재직자는 물론 대학생과 취업준비생 등 예비종사자를 포괄한 넓은 학습자 층이 시공의 한계를 넘어 참여할 수 있는 온라인 교육방법을 전제로 FTA 사이버연수원 개편사례를 대상으로 한다. 사례 분석을 위해 무역역량강화 교육과 기업의 국제화에 대한 연구, 교육학 분야의 래피드 프로토타입 모형(Rapid Prototyping to Instructional System Design, RPISD)과 학습자의 몰입도 향상을 목적으로 하는 사이버고지(Cybergogy) 모형을 적용하여 진행했다. 본 연구는 기존의 무역역량강화 연구를 교육학 분야 논의를 바탕으로 통합, 재검토하고 향후 무역역량강화 과정개발 연구의 방향성을 탐색해본다는 점에서 학문적 의의가 있다. 또한 이 연구결과는 무역현장에서 요구하는 콘텐츠와 지식 습득 방법에 대한 결론을 도출함으로써 대학교육은 물론 정부 및 민간 기업의 무역 교수체계 구성에 시사점을 제공한다는 면에서 실천적인 중요성이 있다. This study aims to explore a systematic approach that effectively delivers trade knowledge desired by businesses and individuals at the speed and depth they require in the evolving trade environment. It focuses on the case of the FTA Cyber Training Institute, premised on online educational methods to enable a wide range of learners, including the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), university students, and job seekers, to participate beyond the limitations of time and space. For the case analysis, this research applied studies on trade capacity building, internationalization of businesses, Rapid Prototyping to Instructional System Design (RPISD), and Cybergogy models. The scholarly significance of this research lies in integrating and reexamining trade capacity-building research within the education research field and exploring future research direction. Furthermore, the outcomes of this research provide practical significance by deriving conclusions on the content and method demanded in trade-capacity bulding education, offering implications for education design for exporting SMEs in governmental and private entities.

      • KCI등재

        원산지사후검증이 FTA 활용에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구

        이지수(Ji-Soo Yi) 한국관세학회 2015 관세학회지 Vol.16 No.4

        While the proliferation of Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) has brought hope for freer trade among countries, the proliferation also awakens the concern on the administrative burdens imposed on the firms and governments in implementing multiple FTAs. As the rules and procedures of utilizing FTAs become complex with the prolific FTAs, the burdens caused from the complexity has been pointed out as the key barrier to enhancing the benefits of FTAs. The purpose of this paper is to explain and to analyze the interconnection between firms FTA usage and customs administration of the usage based on firms issuance of the certificate of origin and Customs origin verification. With the results of a firm level on-line survey for trainees at training courses for Rules of Origin, the correlation and the multiple regression analyses were conducted to conclude that the interconnection is statistically significant. The results of this paper highlight the facilitating role of customs authority in reducing the uncertainty that firms encounter in utilizing FTAs. In particular, this paper suggests that the information assistance for firms will also increase firms voluntary compliance with the relevant customs rules and laws, and at the same time, firms FTA usage. The results of this paper contribute to the literature on FTAs by complementing the previous studies that have mostly been conducted on the legal texts with the implications on the public support and improvement required for customs administration.

      • KCI등재

        통관단일창구에서 부처 간 정보 공유를 위한 법제 개선 방안과 시사점

        이지수(Ji-Soo Yi) 한국관세학회 2021 관세학회지 Vol.22 No.4

        The purpose of this study is to find a legal framework that enables inter-agency information sharing at Customs Clearance Single Window. By analyzing literature on single windows and domestic laws and regulations, this study aims to find improvements and implications for the legislation facilitating information sharing between government departments. This study has the practical importance of contributing to improving the Customs laws and regulations in response to the era of industry 4.0. It also has academic importance in understanding the Customs Clearance Single Window based on G2G information sharing studies. Based on the study results, it is suggested that the legal authority for integrating customs clearance windows should be given to the Customs Clearance Single Window. The responsibilities and roles of related government agencies should also be stipulated. In addition, the existing regulations should be redeemed for system integration and technology operation; master service contracts and end-user contracts; integrated budget and resource management; integrated performance evaluation and feedback mechanism; and integrated implementation schedule management.

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