단선교량 상부구조 개선을 통한 교량상부 폭원 최적화 산정방안 연구

임항섭(Hang-seob Im),전병흔(Byeong-heun Jeon),이진옥(Chin-Ok Lee),임남형(Nam-Hyoung Lim) 한국철도학회 2015 한국철도학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

철도교의 단선 부설은 타당성이 낮은 구간에 교통편의 제공을 위하여 부설되는 경우가 대부분이며, 일반철도 건설공사 시행시 교량에 투입되는 공사비가 터널 및 토공에 비하여 상대적으로 높은 것이 현실이다. 이에 따라 교량상부 폭원의 최적화 방안 검토를 위하여, 상부폭원 결정인자인 건축한계, 차량한계, 보행자 통로, 전철주 건식 제이지는 물론 열차풍에 대한 검토를 통하여 최적의 단선철도교량 상부폭원을 제시하고자 한다. 아울러 장래 동력 공급장치의 개선 및 케이블 포설, 유지보수등의 기술발전으로 장래 추가로 교량상부 폭원의 감소가 가능한 경우를 대비하여 안전성 확보를 전제로 경제성을 고러한 교량상부폭원의 최적화 검토를 시행하였다 Single track of railway bridge is not built for link of a high validity area. When company build a general railway nowadays, bridge is more expansive than earthwork or tunnel. Accordingly determine factor for upper bridge’s width, which is Clearance for Rolling Stock Moving Dimensions and Construction Gauge or Rolling, pedestrian passage, dry-type gauge and train wind distribute for suggest of the best upper bridge’s width. After Study about improvement of single track superstructure for optimization of bridge top’s width When a skill of bridge and railway is developed, we can easily adopted to reduce of upper bridge of railway bridge for economy of obtaining with safety of train service and pedestrains

The Effect of Price Promotional Information about Brand on Consumer's Quality Perception: Conditioning on Pretrial Brand

이민훈,임항섭 한국마케팅과학회 2009 마케팅과학연구 Vol.19 No.3

Price promotion typically reduces the price for a given quantity or increases the quantity available at the same price, thereby enhancing value and creating an economic incentive to purchase. It often is used to encourage product or service trial among nonusers of products or services. Thus, it is important to understand the effects of price promotions on quality perception made by consumer who do not have prior experience with the promoted brand. However, if consumers associate a price promotion itself with inferior brand quality, the promotion may not achieve the sales increase the economic incentives otherwise might have produced. More specifically, low qualitative perception through price promotion will undercut the economic and psychological incentives and reduce the likelihood of purchase. Thus, it is important for marketers to understand how price promotional informations about a brand have impact on consumer's unfavorable quality perception of the brand. Previous literatures on the effects of price promotions on quality perception reveal inconsistent explanations. Some focused on the unfavorable effect of price promotion on consumer's perception. But others showed that price promotions didn't raise unfavorable perception on the brand. Prior researches found these inconsistent results related to the timing of the price promotion's exposure and quality evaluation relative to trial. And, whether the consumer has been experienced with the product promotions in the past or not may moderate the effects. A few studies considered differences among product categories as fundamental factors. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of price promotional informations on consumer's unfavorable quality perception under the different conditions. The author controlled the timing of the promotional exposure and varied past promotional patterns and information presenting patterns. Unlike previous researches, the author examined the effects of price promotions setting limit to pretrial situation by controlling potentially moderating effects of prior personal experience with the brand. This manipulations enable to resolve possible controversies in relation to this issue. And this manipulation is meaningful for the work sector. Price promotion is not only used to target existing consumers but also to encourage product or service trial among nonusers of products or services. Thus, it is important for marketers to understand how price promotional informations about a brand have impact on consumer's unfavorable quality perception of the brand. If consumers associate a price promotion itself with inferior quality about unused brand, the promotion may not achieve the sales increase the economic incentives otherwise might have produced. In addition, if the price promotion ends, the consumer that have purchased that certain brand will likely to display sharply decreased repurchasing behavior. Through a literature review, hypothesis 1 was set as follows to investigate the adjustive effect of past price promotion on quality perception made by consumers; The influence that price promotion of unused brand have on quality perception made by consumers will be adjusted by past price promotion activity of the brand. In other words, a price promotion of an unused brand that have not done a price promotion in the past will have a unfavorable effect on quality perception made by consumer. Hypothesis 2-1 was set as follows : When an unused brand undertakes price promotion for the first time, the information presenting pattern of price promotion will have an effect on the consumer's attribution for the cause of the price promotion. Hypothesis 2-2 was set as follows : The more consumer dispositionally attribute the cause of price promotion, the more unfavorable the quality perception made by consumer will be. Through test 1, the subjects were given a brief explanation of the product and the brand before they were provided wit... Price promotion typically reduces the price for a given quantity or increases the quantity available at the same price, thereby enhancing value and creating an economic incentive to purchase. It often is used to encourage product or service trial among nonusers of products or services. Thus, it is important to understand the effects of price promotions on quality perception made by consumer who do not have prior experience with the promoted brand. However, if consumers associate a price promotion itself with inferior brand quality, the promotion may not achieve the sales increase the economic incentives otherwise might have produced. More specifically, low qualitative perception through price promotion will undercut the economic and psychological incentives and reduce the likelihood of purchase. Thus, it is important for marketers to understand how price promotional informations about a brand have impact on consumer's unfavorable quality perception of the brand. Previous literatures on the effects of price promotions on quality perception reveal inconsistent explanations. Some focused on the unfavorable effect of price promotion on consumer's perception. But others showed that price promotions didn't raise unfavorable perception on the brand. Prior researches found these inconsistent results related to the timing of the price promotion's exposure and quality evaluation relative to trial. And, whether the consumer has been experienced with the product promotions in the past or not may moderate the effects. A few studies considered differences among product categories as fundamental factors. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of price promotional informations on consumer's unfavorable quality perception under the different conditions. The author controlled the timing of the promotional exposure and varied past promotional patterns and information presenting patterns. Unlike previous researches, the author examined the effects of price promotions setting limit to pretrial situation by controlling potentially moderating effects of prior personal experience with the brand. This manipulations enable to resolve possible controversies in relation to this issue. And this manipulation is meaningful for the work sector. Price promotion is not only used to target existing consumers but also to encourage product or service trial among nonusers of products or services. Thus, it is important for marketers to understand how price promotional informations about a brand have impact on consumer's unfavorable quality perception of the brand. If consumers associate a price promotion itself with inferior quality about unused brand, the promotion may not achieve the sales increase the economic incentives otherwise might have produced. In addition, if the price promotion ends, the consumer that have purchased that certain brand will likely to display sharply decreased repurchasing behavior. Through a literature review, hypothesis 1 was set as follows to investigate the adjustive effect of past price promotion on quality perception made by consumers; The influence that price promotion of unused brand have on quality perception made by consumers will be adjusted by past price promotion activity of the brand. In other words, a price promotion of an unused brand that have not done a price promotion in the past will have a unfavorable effect on quality perception made by consumer. Hypothesis 2-1 was set as follows : When an unused brand undertakes price promotion for the first time, the information presenting pattern of price promotion will have an effect on the consumer's attribution for the cause of the price promotion. Hypothesis 2-2 was set as follows : The more consumer dispositionally attribute the cause of price promotion, the more unfavorable the quality perception made by consumer will be. Through test 1, the subjects were given a brief explanation of the product and the brand before they were provided with a 2x2 ...

사이버 공격에 능동대응하기 위한 사이버 자산의 지능형 자가복구기술 연구

최세호,임항섭,최중영,권오진,신동규 한국인터넷정보학회 2023 인터넷정보학회논문지 Vol.24 No.6

사이버 공격 기술은 예측 불가할 정도로 진화하고 있으며, ‘언젠가는’이 아니라 ‘언제나’ 일어날 수 있는 상황이다. 클라우드 컴퓨팅, 사물인터넷(Internet of Things) 등으로 초연결 글로벌화되고 있는 인프라는 그 어느 때보다 사이버 공격에 큰 피해를 받을 수 있는환경이며, 사이버 공격은 지금도 진행 중이다. 사이버 공격이나 천재지변 등 외부적인 영향으로 피해가 발생하더라도 사이버 자산(OS, WEB, WAS, DB)의 다운 타임을 최소화하기 위해 사이버 레질리언스 관점에서 지능형 자가복구로 진화해야 한다. 본 논문에서는사이버 자산이 사이버 공격을 받아 고유의 기능이 제대로 발휘하지 못할 경우 지속가능한 사이버 레질리언스를 보장하기 위한 지능형 자가복구기술을 제안한다. 평상시 사이버 자산의 원본 및 업데이트 이력을 타임슬롯 설계 및 스냅샷 백업 기술로 실시간 관리한다. 상용화된 파일 무결성 모니터링 프로그램과 연동하여 피해 상황을 자동 탐지하고 지능형 기반으로 피해 파일에 대한 백업 데이터의 연관성 분석을 통해 사이버 자산의 다운타임을 최소화하여 최적의 상태로 자가복구할 수 있는 기술을 확보해야 한다. 향후에는사이버 자산이 피해 받은 상태에 적합한 자가복구 전략 학습 및 분석을 수행할 수 있는 운영모델과 자가복구기술의 고유기능이 적용된 시범체계 연구를 수행할 예정이다. Cyberattack technology is evolving to an unpredictable degree, and it is a situation that can happen ‘at any time’ rather than ‘someday’. Infrastructure that is becoming hyper-connected and global due to cloud computing and the Internet of Things is an environment where cyberattacks can be more damaging than ever, and cyberattacks are still ongoing. Even if damage occurs due to external influences such as cyberattacks or natural disasters, intelligent self-recovery must evolve from a cyber resilience perspective to minimize downtime of cyber assets (OS, WEB, WAS, DB). In this paper, we propose an intelligent self-recovery technology to ensure sustainable cyber resilience when cyber assets fail to function properly due to a cyberattack. The original and updated history of cyber assets is managed in real-time using timeslot design and snapshot backup technology. It is necessary to secure technology that can automatically detect damage situations in conjunction with a commercialized file integrity monitoring program and minimize downtime of cyber assets by analyzing the correlation of backup data to damaged files on an intelligent basis to self-recover to an optimal state. In the future, we plan to research a pilot system that applies the unique functions of self-recovery technology and an operating model that can learn and analyze self-recovery strategies appropriate for cyber assets in damaged states.

국방 사물인터넷 도입에 따른 정보보호 프레임워크 연구

이영란,강성문,서세광,임항섭 한국방위산업진흥회 2016 國防과 技術 Vol.- No.448