한국어의 핵심을 꿰뚫어 본 교육 문법서

목정수(Mok, Jungsoo) 형태론 2013 형태론 Vol.15 No.1

Yeon & Brown(2011)은 라우틀리지 출판사가 기획한 세계 언어 총괄 문법 시리즈의 하나로 기획 출간된 한국어 교육 문법서이다. 현대국어를 대상으로 철자, 발음부터 형태론, 통사론, 의미론에 이르기까지 한국어 전반의 특성을 체계적으로 제시하고 있어 한국어 학습자와 한국어 연구자에게 큰 도움이 된다. 지금까지 영어로 출간된 한국어 문법서 가운데 문법요소들을 중심으로 가장 체계적이고 자세한 설명을 제공하고 있다고 할 수 있다. 또한 자연스러운 한국어의 실제적인 예를 풍부하게 제공하면서 문법적 설명을 베풀고 있기 때문에 한국어 학습자들에게 매우 유익하게 읽힐 수 있을 것이다. 본고에서는 이 저서의 전반적인 체제에 대한 소개와 더불어 이 저서의 특징적인 면을 부각시키려고 노력하였다. 더 나아가 국어학과 언어유형론의 학술ㆍ이론적인 차원과 외국어로서의 한국어 교육의 응용적인 입장에서 어떤 점을 비판의 대상으로 삼아야 할지를 논점으로 제시하고, 구체적인 몇 가지 대안을 제시함으로써, 본서가 더 체계성을 갖추도록 하는 데 도움을 주고자 하였다. Yeon & Brown (2011), Korean: A Comprehensive Grammar, published by Routledge, is an excellent reference grammar book for those involved in general Korean studies. This book, in particular, will be helpful to both students and researchers who are learning Korean or engaged in the study of the Korean language because it tries not only to avoid complicated linguistic terminology, but also provides plenty of information on grammatical patterns. Of course, this book guides readers to useful contents in relation to Korean phonology and lexicology. In this review, we offer a general introduction of the outline of the book and make some critical remarks on the grammatical system proposed by the authors. These critical suggestions are intended to make the core of Korean grammar clear. We also expect the errata made in this article to facilitate the perfect revision of the original book in the near future.

국어 이중주어 구문의 새로운 해석

목정수(Mok, Jungsoo) 사단법인 한국언어학회 2005 언어학 Vol.0 No.41

한국어 정보구조와 통사구조

목정수(Jungsoo Mok) 사단법인 한국언어학회 2018 언어학 Vol.0 No.81

The purpose of this paper lies in the declaration that the text flow or the information structure in Korean is determined by the particles such as determiners ‘ga, leul, do, neun, ina, irado’. The other particles such as postpositions ‘에(at), 에게(to), 에서(in), 와/과(with), 로(to/with), 처럼(like), 만큼(as much as), etc.’ and quantifiers/qualifiers like ‘만(only), 조차(even), 마저(even), etc.’ are not irrelevant to information structure. This fact shows that so-called nominative/accusative particles ‘가ga/를leul’ are not case markers, but determiners(=postposed articles), that is to say, modality-sensitive grammatical elements. The particles ‘가ga’ and ‘를leul’ play the role of representing the psychomechanism moving from ‘universal / background / topic / old / definite’ to ‘particular / foreground / focus / new / indefinite’ while the particles ‘도 do’ and ‘는neun’ play that of representing the psychomechanism moving from ‘particular / foreground / focus / new / indefinite’ to ‘universal / background / topic / old / definite’. And we show that the particles ‘가ga’ and ‘를leul’ can be added to the object in function of the semantic feature of predicates. The verbs such as possessive verb ‘있다(have)/없다(not have)’ and psychological verbs ‘좋다(like)/싫다(dislike)’ take the ‘ga-typed object’, even the descriptive verbs like ‘크다(be big/have big)’, ‘길다(be long/have long)’ can also take the ‘ga-typed object’. In contrast, the cognitive verbs like ‘생각하다(think)’, ‘기억하다(remember)’ etc. and the action verbs such as ‘죽이다(kill)’, ‘때리다(hit)’ etc. take the ‘leul-typed object’. The former verbs have semantic features [+speaker-oriented], [+subject-internal], [+subjective-oriented], [+unvolitional], [+unintentional], [+gravitational force], [+centripetal force] meanwhile the latter verbs have semantic features [+hearer-oriented], [+subject-external], [+objective-oriented], [+volitional], [+intentional], [+repulsive force], [+centrifugal force]. Finally, we feel doubt about the question whether the prosody has something to do with the information structure in Korean, since the information structure in Korean is mostly adjusted by the morphological richness of particles ‘가, 를, 도, 는, 의, 이나, 이라도’ and by word order, more precisely speaking by constituent order. We think that the Korean language doesn’t need the decisive help of prosody like B-accent in English for the adjustment of information structure.

한국어 ‘명사성 형용사’ 단어 부류의 정립

목정수(Jungsoo Mok) 사단법인 한국언어학회 2011 언어학 Vol.0 No.61

The aims of this paper are two-folded. The first one is to propose that ‘ida’ of ‘gyeongjejeok(=economic)-ida’ and ‘hada’ of ‘yumyeong(=famous)-hada’ be analysed as copulas in Korean grammar. The second one is to examine the possibility of analyzing ‘-(eu)ro2’ as a derivational suffix deriving adverb from adjectivals such as ‘sijeok(=poetic)’, ‘gyeongjejeok(=economic)’, etc. This derivational suffix ‘-(eu)ro2’ is distinguished from the case particle '‘-(eu)ro1’ in ‘doggi-ro(=with an axe)’. The suffix ‘-hi/-i’ is the same case, which derives adverbs from adjectivals such as ‘joyong(=quiet)’, ‘ggaeggeut(=clean)’, etc. These two above-mentioned discussions are based on Mok(2003) and Mok(2009c), which analyzed ‘hada’ and ‘ida’ as support verbs on the syntactico-semantic level. It was shown there that the lexemes X's in the construction ‘X-hada’ and the lexemes Y's in the construction ‘Y-ida’ behave the same syntactico-semantically.<br/> For this, I compared ‘yumyeong-hada(=be famous)’ with ‘gyeongjejeok-ida(=be economic)’. Both ‘yumyeong(=famous)’ and ‘gyeongjejeok(=economic)’ do not function as an argument of predicates, and have the same adjectival properties, so that ‘ida’ and ‘hada’ are in complementary distribution. I define this kind of lexemes as ‘nouny adjectives’, including ‘adnominals’ in contrast with verby adjectives such as ‘keuda(=be big)’, ‘nopta=(-be high)’, etc.

한국어학에서의 소쉬르 수용의 문제

목정수(Jungsoo Mok) 사단법인 한국언어학회 2009 언어학 Vol.0 No.53

We are obliged to meet Saussure in spite of ourselves, since/because the majority of ideas in modern linguistics originate from Saussure. Recently, the appearance of the ELG(Ecrits de Linguistique Generale) brought out many new readings of Saussure, while, as is usual with Guillaume, the publications of Guillaume"s posthumous works seem not to attract much attention in the academic world of linguistics, in particular in Korean linguistics, which are PLS I(Essais et memoires de Gustave Guillaume, vol. 1. Prolegomenes a la linguistique structurale I) PLS II(Essais et memoires de Gustave Guillaume, vol. 2. Prolegomenes a la linguistique structurale II. Discussion et continuation psychomecanique de la the?orie saussurienne de la diachronie et la synchronie) and EMI(Essai de me?canique intuitionnelle: espace et temps en pensee et dans les structures de langues). In this situation, we try to introduce the core-concepts of Guillaumian linguistics, that is the psychomecanics of language and to meet Saussure again through the mediation of Guillaume and finally to look for the way of applying the theory of general linguistics to a natural language like Korean, French and English. As a result, we propose a new X-bar schema as a new model for explaining the expansion structure of noun phrases in Korean and French.

한국어 동사·어미 범주와 주어 인칭의 상관관계

목정수,유현조 서울대학교 어학연구소 2003 語學硏究 Vol.39 No.3

This paper aims to show that there are some possibilities of discerning the person-type of subject, agent, experiencer by using the information extracted/retrieved from verb-ending complex, not from (pro)noun phrase. And empirical/statistical data in a corpus analysis are given to prove our hypothesis. Through this, it is revealed that we can resolve the person (of ‘zero pronoun’) on the basis of grammatical mechanism, rejecting the opinion that there is no person in Korean or that the poison in Korean is expressed/activated at the pragmatic level. It is generally accepted that the subject can be easily omitted In Korean, in particular in spoken Korean and that the information with regard to person can be gained from extralinguistic knowledge, or context, utterance situation. But our research based on the authentic/real Korean data shows that the person is distinguishable at the morpho-syntactic level and that the problem of the so-called ‘zero pronoun’ can be resolved through the grammatical mechanism In sum, we suggest that a (pro)noun-centric or lexical-based approach to the analysis of person be replaced by an ending-centric or grammatical-based approach.

구어 한국어 접속문의 문장 패턴 연구 : 접속 어미의 통사적 제약 현상을 중심으로

목정수,유현조 한국어학회 2007 한국어학 Vol.35 No.-

In this article, we described the pattern of Korean connective verbal endings syntactically interacting with each other in multi-clause complex sentences. We observed the correspondence between a certain pattern of connective endings and the syntactic structure of the sentence in spoken corpora. As a result of the observation, we proposed a (asymmetric) hierarchical relationship of verbal endings. This grammatical information can be applied to disambiguation of the clause-level syntactic structure of a multi-clause sentence.