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대장 관샘종에서 면역조직화학염색을 이용한 Telomerase 발현
김호동 ( Ho Dong Kim ),오영상 ( Young Sang Oh ),김수현 ( Soo Hyun Kim ),김상필 ( Sang Pil Kim ),신현학 ( Hyun Hak Shin ),박주용 ( Ju Yong Park ),박혁 ( Hyeuk Park ),명보현 ( Bo Hyun Myoung ),김도현 ( Do Hyun Kim ),이영직 ( Young 대한소화기학회 2007 대한소화기학회지 Vol.50 No.3
목적: Telomere는 세포 염색체의 말단에 존재하며 염색체 안정을 유지하는 데 필수적인 역할을 수행한다. 이러한 telomere의 합성을 촉매하는 telomerase 활성이 전암 병변에서도 관찰되면서 이 효소의 활성화는 발암과정의 초기 현상으로 암화과정에 기여하는 것으로 생각하고 있다. 대장암의 전암 병변으로 알려진 대장 관샘종의 형성이상 단계에 따른 telomerase의 활성도를 측정하고 연관관계를 밝히고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 본원에셔 2006년 1윌부터 2006년 12윌까지 대장내시경 용종절제술 또는 수술 받은 환자들 중 병리 조직검사에셔 경도 형성이상과 고도 형성이상으로 확진한 환자 48예를 대상으로 하여 후향적으로 연구하였다. 광학현미경에서 면역조직화학염색에 양성반응을 보이는 형성이상 세포의 비율이 50% 이하로 염색된 human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) 저염색군과 51% 이상 염색된 hTERT 고염색군으로 나타내었다. 염색은 세포의 핵에 국한된 경우로 하였다. 결과: 면역조직화학염색에서 hTERT 저염색군은 경도 형성이상 22예(96%), 고도 형성이상 13예(52%)이었으며 hTERT 고염색군은 경도 형성이상 1예(4%), 고도 형성이상 12예(48%)로 경도 형성이상과 고도 형성이상 간에 telomerase 활성도의 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 결론: 대장 관샘종의 형성이상이 경도에셔 고도로 갈수록 telomerase 활성도가 높아졌다. Background/Aims: Telomeres are simple repeat elements located at each chromosome end of eukaryotic cells. The main function of telomeres is to cap the chromosome end and protect it from enzymatic attack. Telomerase that facilitates the synthesis of telomere has been detected in not only cancer but also precancerous lesion. In this study, we compared the telomerase expression between low grade and high grade colorectal tubular adenoma. Methods: Among thissues from forty eight patients with colorectal tubular adenoma (23 low grade and 25 high grade colorectal dysplasia), telomerase expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Results: We classified 48 patients into two groups by the extent of nuclei staining pattern. High telomerase expression was a group which showed staining nucleus pattern above 50% in tubular adenoma. Low telomerase expression was a group which showed staining pattern nucleus below 50%. Twelve in 25 high grade colorectal dysplasia showed high telomerase expression (48%). Only one in 23 low grade colorectal dysplasia showed high telomerase expression (4%). Telomerase expression was much higher in the tissues from the patients with high grade than in those with low grade colorectal dysplasia (p<0.05). Conclusions: Activation of telomerase may be related to the malignant potential in colorectal epithelial cells. Further studies are needed to define the role of telomerase in colorectal tumorigenesis. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2007;50:164-169)
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김호동(Ho Dong Kim) 대구사학회 2001 대구사학 Vol.65 No.1
Taking a look at the rock-paintings, Suk Tal-Hae myth, Wooro legend, we can confirm that Shilla had taken a lot of interest in territorial expansion to the east coast since its early age, based on its marine-fishery culture. And then Siljik-Joo in Sam-chuk, Aseulla-Joo in Kang-reung, Sokyung in Asichon were established along with Yi-sa-boo`s conquest of Woosan-Kook during the reign of King JiJeung. Through such activities, Shilla succeeded in securing the command of the east sea(Dong-hae) and the east coast. Shilla`s expansion to the east coast, ranging to Wool-jin, Sam-chuk, Kang-reung, during the reign of King Ji-jeung was probably accomplished in the form of feint operation, not only through the land traffic route but also through the coastal route by marine forces which had been maintained since Suk Tal-Hae` age from rock-paintings. Afterwards, Shilla, which captured those areas, probably launched the conquest of Woolreung-do from Wool-jin. Sam-chuk. These activities made it possible for Shilla to seize t:he rulling power over the east coast, east sea(Dong-hae) and finally make such rapid progress as dispatching Koanjoo(governor), subjecting Keumkwan-Kaya in the reign of King Bupheung as well as capturing the Han-river, the Nakdong-river basin, establishing Biyeulhole-Joo, conquering Kaya, setting up a number of stone monuments, which are now called King-Jinheung-Soonsoo-Bi, in Bookhan mountain, Hwangchoryung in Heungnam province, Maoonryung in Yione under the reign of King Jin-heung. Considerable amount of attention should be paid to the fact that Shilla`s feint operation through the went coast and the east coast against KoKooryu was possible by its taking economic power in the east coast, following its expansion to the east coast and conquest of Woosan-kook. In Shilla`s such a success, Woosan-kook`s coorporation played crucial role. Therefore, Woosan-kook was not so much destroyed as enjoying great prosperities with a relative stability, which was attributed to Shilla`s securing the command of the sea.
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김호동 ( Ho Dong Kim ) 대구사학회 2003 대구사학 Vol.71 No.-
There were two men who mainly affected the citizens in Ul-leung to have the recognition which Ul-leung island used to be abandoned to island until 1883. One of them was Kim min-woo who first launched Su-to polich during the king of Tae-jong, Sae-jong in Chosun dynasty and the other one was Lee gyu-won who played and important role of opening up Ul-leung island, investigating the island as its prosecutor. Kim min-woo was the person whotook citizens in Ul-leung island to the land and then regard the people enter the island as lawbreakers. The so=called Kong-do policy was initiated by him. By the point of view, it is needed to have a ciritical review on his work. Unlikely Lee gyu-won have a positive reputation thanks to abolishing Kong-do policy and settling towns in Ul-leung island. Whereas, currently if we talk with citizen in Ul-leung island who are willing to be a native, they say they are descendants law in 1883. Addtionally they insisted their ancestors created the history of the island that had been empty due to Kong-do policy. Therfore this report try to show that Lee gyu-won should tate the reponsibility which refers there have been the suspension of the history and named the lost island by making the history poor after 1883. We believe it will be the motivation of review on faulty Ul-lwune and Dok island`s policy by indication the weak and strong point of Lee gyu-won`s prosecution.
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김호동 ( Ho Dong Kim ) 대구사학회 2004 대구사학 Vol.77 No.-
Korean Peninsula was the arena of competition of imperialist powers such as Japan since Korea opened a port in 1876. The East Sea area including Ulleungdo and Dokdo, in that situation, played a role not only of a testing place but a bridgehead of Japan`s invasion to Korean Peninsula. The Reclamation Policy of Ulleungdo was proclaimed in 1883 to protect the island from Japan`s invasion, but it failed. Successful reclamation needed to select settlers from `rich and powerful people`, to build administration system and give material support for the settlers and to establish military force for their security. Ulleungdo Reclamation Policy after the Proclamation in 1883, however, began without meeting any of these requirements. The settlers could not use the sea near Ulleungdo and Dokdo as their place because the reclamation policy was focused on the agricultural emigration. It was not concerned about its geographical trait, an island, and the fact that Japanese had been fishing illegally in the sea. These resulted in Japanese` logging and even staying long in Ulleungdo. Korean government tried to solve the dispute over Japan`s invasion diplomatically, however, the efforts was not successful due to the poor ability of the government in diplomacy. The Reclamation Policy of Ulleungdo remained unsuccessful in the history page. Japan took Dokdo as its territory in 1905. Korean Government which failed to respond effectively to this crisis became a colony of Japan with the national shame in Kyeongsul year.
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김호동(Kim Ho-dong) 영남대학교 독도연구소 2009 독도연구 Vol.- No.7
신라의 지증왕 13년(512) 때 이사부의 우산국 정벌을 전하는『삼국사기』와 『삼국유사』의 기록은 고대 삼국 성립에서부터 통일신라시대까지 우산국에 관해 언급된 유일한 기록이다. 이 자료를 갖고 흔히들 이사부의 우산국 정벌로 인해 울릉도와 독도는 신라 땅이 되었고, 나아가 한국 땅이 되었다고 한다. 그러나 고려시대의 현종조까지 ‘우산국’ 자료가 나온다. 본 연구는 이에 주목하여 기존 통설을 부정하고, 우산국은 울릉도와 독도를 포함한 환동해 권역의 전략적 요충지에 고대로부터 정착해온 원주민에 의해 건국되고 삼국시대와 고려 현종조에 걸쳐 존재하였던 강력한 해상왕국임을 드러내고자 하였다. 이런 관점에서 바라볼 때 울릉도의 역사는 1883년 개척령에 의해 시작되는 것 이 아니라 한국사의 다른 어떤 지역보다도 강인하고 지속적인 왕조인 우산국이 존재하였고, 우산국이 멸망한 후 고려와 조선시대 울릉도를 찾아 들어간 사람들이 그 전설을 되뇌이며 울릉도를 새로운 삶의 터전으로 가꾸기 위한 노력을 통해 우산국의 영화를 재현하려고 했다고 보아야 한다. 이렇게 볼 때 울릉도는 공도정책에 의해 버려진 섬이 아닌 오랜 역사와 문화를 가진 강인한 정신성과 불굴의 투지와 모험정신으로 뭉친 사람들이 일구어낸 역사가 깃들인 땅으로 되살아날 수 있을 것 이다. 이것이 울릉도가 주체가 되는 우산국의 역사 읽기이다. Usankuk subjugation by the General Yisabu during King Jijeung 13(AD 512) in Silla Dynasty in the record of『Sarnkuk-Saki(三國史記;Three Kingdom History』and 『Samkuk-Usa(三國遺事;Descended History of Three Kingdom』is the only description about Usankuk from the Early Three Kingdom Era to the Unified Silla Dynasty. Many people are easy to recognize the faαthat General Yisabu’s subjugation resulted Ulleungdo and Dokdo became the territory of Silla and now became Korean territory. But, there is record about ‘Usankuk(counσy)’ until Koryo(Korea) Dynasty King Hyeonjong. This research deny the existing theory until and tried to reveal the recognition on Usankuk which include Ulleungdo and Dokdo as a strong marine Kingdom which was established from old age until Three Kingdom Era and Koryo Dynasty King Hyeonjong by the natives of the residents in East Sea Rim area. In this respect, the history of Ulleungdo was not started from 1883 by the Ordinance of Exploration but had existed from old Usan Kingdom in the history of Korea than any other region with strong spirit and persisting kingdom. And 1 emphasize the people of Usankuk remembered the legend of past history and tried to explore their ground unti1 Koryo and Choseon Kingdom to recover their living life after the collapse by the Silla Kingdom. In this point of view, Ulleungdo was not the wasted island by the vacancy policy of Choseon Dynasty but the island of old historical and cultural land by the residents of the islands with strong fighting spirit and adventure to revive their dream. This is another historic meaning on Ulleungdo as subject.
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