체세포배양액이 생쥐 난자의 Chymotrypsin에 대한 내성에 미치는 영향

김성례,정혜원,김성임,김해권,Kim, Sung-Rye,Chung, Hye-Won,Kim, Seong-Im,Kim, Hae-Kwon 대한생식의학회 1998 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.25 No.2

Certain types of somatic cells, as well as follicular cumulus cells associating with mammalian oocytes, are known to produce beneficial effects on in vitro fertilization and pre implantation development of mammalian eggs when they are present in oocyte culture medium. To investigate the nature of the effects of somatic cells, the resistance of mouse oocytes against chymotrypsin treatment was examined after culture within various cell conditioned media. When mouse oocytes matured for 17-18 hr in the presence of cumulus cells were treated with 1 % chymotrypsin, half of them remained still alive even after 240 min $(t_{50}>240.0)$. In contrast half of mouse oocytes cultured without cumulus cells underwent degeneration within 65.0 min $(t_{50}=65.0{\pm}13.2min)$ of the same treatment. To see if the effects were duc to the secretory products of cumulus cells, mouse cumulus cells were cultured for 20 hr in medium containing 0.4% BSA and the supernatant of culture medium (conditioned medium) was taken. After maturation in the cumulus cell conditioned medium, mouse oocytes exhibited $t_{50}=190.0{\pm}10.8$ min upon chymotrypsin treatment whereas half of oocytes cultured without conditioned medium degenerated within 25.5 min. Human granulosa cell conditioned medium gave similar effects such that oocytes matured in conditioned medium exhibited $t_{50}=183.3{\pm}19.1$ min while $t_50$ of control group oocytes was $60.0{\pm}6.8$ min, Oocytes matured in vero cell conditioned medium exhibited $t_{50}=196.7{\pm}8.8$ min. On the other hand, amniotic cell conditioned medium resulted in the chymotrypsin resistance of $t_{50}=80.0{\pm}8.4$ min which was not statistically different from the control value of $t_{50}=48.0{\pm}13.2$ min. Based upon these results, it is suggested that certain somatic cell types including cumulus cells might change the biochemical properties of mouse oocyte membrane during meiotic maturation as revealed by the enhanced resistance against chymotrypsin treatment. Such effects of somatic cells appear to be mediated via the secretory products rather than direct communication between somatic cells and oocytes.

난소 스테로이드 호르몬이 임신초기의 흰쥐 자궁 내막조직의 Phosphatase 활성에 미치는 영향

김성례,김문규,주완규,Kim, Sung-Rye,Kim, Moon-Kyoo,Cho, Wan-Kyoo 대한생식의학회 1982 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.9 No.1

The present investigation has been undertaken to understand the mechanism of implantation process, by demonstrating the role of ovarian steroids in connection with phosphatase activity in the differentiation of uterine endometrium for implantation. The results obtained are as followings: The differentiation of the uterine endometrial tissue was closely influenced by the ovarian steroid hormones; at first, 17${\beta}$-estradiol initiated the differentiation of the uterine luminal and glandular epithelial cells, and then progesterone induced differentiation of stromal cells, and thereby two steroids maintain decidualization of the uterine tissues. We observed that the phosphatase activities seem to be dependent upon the ovarian steroids; that is the activity showed higher level in progesterone treated group than in estradiol treated one, and the highest activity was found in the group treated with both estradiol and progesterone. Acid phosphatase showed the highest activity whereas alkaline phosphatase showed the lowest in the rat uterine endometrium during early pregnancy.

초기 임신 기간중 흰쥐 자궁 내막조직의 Phosphatase 활성에 관하여

김성례,조완규,Kim, Sung-Rye,Cho, Wan-Kyoo 대한생식의학회 1981 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.8 No.2

The quantitative analyses of the phosphatase activity in the endometrium of the rat ovariectomized on Day 2 of pregnancy was carried out in comparison with the intact one, in order to investigate the hormonal dependency of the uterus prior to the implantation, and to study the phosphatase activity in the endometrial tissues in vitro incubated in different acidity of the medium. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The activity of the total phosphatase was the highest at Day 3 of pregnancy of the intact animals irrespective of acidity of the medium. However, the ovariectomized rat showed its peak somewhat delayed. The time of the highest activity of the enzymes was matched with the time of high secretion of the ovarian hormones. 2. The activity of acid phosphatase in the endometrium was twice or four times as much high as that of neutral or alkaline phosphatase, respectively. 3. The activity of alkaline phosphatase was rather steady in Day 3 through Day 5 of the pregnancy of the rat intact or ovariectomized but with low level compared to those of other phosphatase. 4. The present re~lt indicated more important role by $Mg^{2+}$-dependent phosphatase than by $K^+$-dependent one for the preparation for decidualization.

초기 임신기간중 흰쥐의 자궁조직 분화와 Cyclic AMP 농도에 관하여

김성례,유경자,조완규,Kim, Sung-Rye,Ryu, Kyung-Za,Cho, Wan-Kyoo 대한생식의학회 1984 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.11 No.2

임신직후 자궁조직은 난소 스테로이드 호르몬에 의하여 분화한다. 착상전 여러 단계에 있는 자궁조직내의 cAMP의 함량을 측정함으로서 cAMP와 호르몬과의 관계를 규명할 목적으로 흰쥐를 재료로 해서 본 실험을 행하였다. 임신제 2일에 난소를 제거하고 즉시, 제3, 또는 제 4일에 estradiol과 progesterone 을 각각 혹은 동시에 주사한 뒤 대조군인 정상임신군, 난소제거군, 난소제거후 호르몬주사군의 자궁조직에서 cAMP농도를 competitive protein-binding assay로 측정하여 이를 각각 비교하였다. 본 연구결과는 다음과 같았다. 정상임신군인 경우 자궁조직이 분화해 갈수록 자궁조직내 cAMP의 농도는 낮아지고 있다. 난소제거군에서는 임신기간이 길수록 자궁조직내의 cAMP농도가 높아진다. 난소제거후 progesterone 혹은 progesterone 과 estradiol을 주사한 실험군에서는 임신 제 6일이 되면 cAMP 농도가 정상임신군과 난소제거군의 중간수치를 보여준다. 한편, estradiol 단독주사인 경우는 임신제3, 제6일의 자궁조직내의 cAMP의 농도는 크게 감소한다. 이처럼 estradiol의 영향아래 세포분열등 분화가 왕성한 자궁조직에서는 cAMP 농도가 크게 낮아지지만 자궁조직의 분화가 억제된 상태에서는 cAMP의 농도가 반대로 높아진다. 난자, 배아 또는 여러 형태의 세포에서처럼 cAMP의 농도는 세포의 대사에 크게 영향을 주고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. It has been well known that ovarian steroids, estradiol and progesterone play an important role in the endometrial preparation for the implantation process. The present investigation was undertaken to correlate function of ovarian steroids with cAMP concentrations in uterine tissues of rat during the various stages of the preimplantation period. Rats ovariectomized on day 2 were treated with estradiol or/and progesterone on day 3 or on day 4 and cAMP concentrations in uterine tissues were determined by competitive protein - binding assay in control - and steroid treated - ovariectomized rats. The results obtained are as follows; 1. In control rats, cAMP concentrations in uterine tissues were decreased with preimplantation period proceeded whereas cAMP concentrations were increased and showed the highest levels on day 6 in ovariectomized rats. 2. In rats treated with progesterone only or progesterone with estradiol after ovariectomy, cAMP concentrations on day 6 were lower than those of ovariectomized control but higher than those of intact control rats while estradiol only treatment decreased cAMP concentrations on day 3 and day 6, compared with those from intact- and ovariectomized-controls. It is, therefore, concluded that the concentrations of cAMP in uterine tissues were lower in estrogen-treated rats than in ovariectomized rats, suggesting the involvement of cAMP in the regulation of uterine tissue differentiation.

흰쥐 초기배아 발생기간 중 수란관조직의 알카리성 Phosphatase활성도에 관한 연구

김성례,김문규,Kim, Sung-Rye,Kim, Moon-Kyoo 대한생식의학회 1991 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.18 No.1

The present investigation has been undertaken to elucidate the functional role of ovarian steroids on the mechanism of oviduct differentiation during early embryonic development in rat. The activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) was measured in the oviduct tissue under different steroids treatment regime on day 9 pregnancy. The ALPase activity of the oviduct of pseudopregnant rat was compared with that of normal pregnant rat. The results of day 9 pregnancy rat oviduct clearly demonstrated that $17{\beta}-estradiol$ and progesterone were effective in pseudopregnant rat oviduct. In the ovary intact group the ALPase activity was similar in both of normal and pseudopregnant oviduct, but in the $17{\beta}-estradiol$ treated group the ALPase activity in normal pregnancy was significantly higher than that in pseudopregnancy. The effect of estradiol on the normal pregnant rat oviduct was apparently found on day 3 and day 9 pregnancy. This study, therefore, clearly demonstrates that $17{\beta}-estradiol$ is much potent in oviduct tissue differentiation. It is suggested that absence of $17{\beta}-estradiol$ effect on pseudopregnant rat oviduct is due to there is no embryo passing througth the oviduct.

흰쥐 자궁내막조직세포의 분화와 대사에 미치는 난소 스테로이드 호르몬의 영향에 관한 연구

김성례,Kim, Sung-Rye 대한생식의학회 1987 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.14 No.2

The present investigation has been undertaken to understand the mechanism of implantation process, by demonstrating the role of ovarian steroids in the differentiation of uterine endometrium for implantation. In particular, an attempt was made to examine the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in the either luminal, stroma or endometrium tissue sites under the pseudopregnant state induced by ovarian steroid hormones. Attempt was also made to demonstrate the correlate function of ovarian steroids with the cAMP concentration and prolactin level. The higher activity of ALP in the uterine endometrium was observed on day 3. However, the higher activity of ALP in the stroma and epithelium was observed on Day 6. This study, therefore, clearly demonstrates that progesterone is consecutive effect in stroma differ entiation. The cAMP concentrations on Day 3 treated with E or P was lower than those of control. On the other hand concentration on Day 6 treated with hormones was increased than those of control. It is, therefore, concluded that the concentration of cAMP in the uterine tissue undergoing differentiation is decreased. The prolactin level of the treated groups was the lower levels than those of the control groups. It is indicated that there is no effect of ovarian steroid hormone on the prolactin synthesis in this pseudopregnant state.

발정 주기중 흰쥐 자궁에서의 Luteinizing Hormone (LH)과 수용체 유전자 발현

김성례,이성호,Kim, Sung-Rye,Lee, Sung-Ho 대한생식의학회 1999 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.26 No.3

Objective: There is increasing evidence for the expression of rat in gene in several extrapituitary sites including testis and ovary. We also have demonstrated that the local LH expression in the rat epididymis and uterus, the major accessory sex organs in male and female reproductive system, respectively. Design: The present study was undertaken to elucidate whether the gene for LH receptor is expressed in rat uterus and whether the expressions of uterine LH and its receptor are differentially regulated during estrous cycle. Presence of the transcripts for rat LH receptor in the rat uterine tissue were confirmed by touchdown reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: In $LH{\beta}$ semi-quantitative RT-PCR, the highest expression level was shown in estrus stage. The level of ill receptor transcripts was also fluctuated during estrous cycle. In ovariectomized rats (OVX + Oil), the expressions of both uterine LH and LH-R were markedly reduced when compared to those from normal rats. Supplement with estradiol $17{\beta}$ to the ovariectomized rats (OVX + $E_2$) restored the expression levels of LH and its receptor to the levels in uteri from normal rats. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that 1) LH and its receptor gene are expressed in the rat uterus from cycling rats, 2) the expression of uterine LH and its receptor is mainly, if not all, under the control of ovarian sex steroid(s). These results suggested that the uterine LH may act as a local regulator with auto and/or paracrine manner, though the posibility that the pituitary LH may act directly on the regulation of uterine functions could not be discarded.

인간의 자궁에서의 Luteinizing Hormone (LH) 유전자 발현

김성례,이성호,Kim, Sung-Rye,Lee, Sung-Ho 대한생식의학회 1999 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.26 No.3

Objectives: Recent studies, including our own, demonstrated that the novel expression of LH gene in rat gonads and uterus, indicating that the local production and action of the LH-like molecule. In the present study, we investigated whether human uterus also expresses the LH gene. Design: Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) amplified the cDNA fragments coding $LH_{\beta}$ polypeptide from human endometrium but not from myometrium. Presence of the transcripts for the ${\alpha}$-subunit in human endometrium was also confirmed by RT-PCR. Results: Transcripts for $LH_{\beta}$ subunit were detected in endometrial samples from women with endometriosis. The gene for LH/hCG receptor was expressed in both endometrium and myometrium, showing good agreement with previous studies. Increased level of $LH_{\beta}$ transcript was determined in the endometrium from follicular phase compared to that from luteal phase. Conclusion: Taken together, our findings demonstrated that 1) the genes for LH subunits and LH/hCG receptor are expressed in human uterus, 2) the uterine LH expression was changed during menstrual cycle, suggesting that the uterine LH may playa local role in the control of uterine physiology and function(s).

가임신 흰쥐 자궁조직 분화에 미치는 난소 스테로이드 호르몬의 영향

김성례,Kim, Sung-Rye 대한생식의학회 1995 Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine Vol.22 No.2

The present investigation has been undertaken to elucidate the differentiation mechanism the uterus which is the environment of the embryo development, by demonstrating the role of ovarian steroids hormone in the decidualization of the pseudopregnant rat uterus. To determine the effect of ovarine steroids and artificial stimulation (trauma) on the differenciation of the uterine endometrium and decidualization for implantation, attempt was made to measure concentrations of serum estradiol($E_2$), progesterone($P_4$) and nuclear $P_4$ receptor in the traumatized and non-traumatized uterine tissue of the pseudopregnant rat. The results obtained are as followings : The concentration of serum $E_2$ on day 9(implantation stage) was similar in both of intact pseudopregnant rat(47.63pg/ml) and normal pregnant rat(40.71pg/ml). And among the treated groups, $E_2$ concentration was highest in the $E_2$ treated group in comparision with intact control group(relative value; 73.27%). The concentration of serum $P_4$ was also highest in the $P_4$ treated group(23.12pg/ml). Relative value of $P_4$ treated group in comparision with intact group(24.88pg/ml) was 92.93%. The nuclear $P_4$ receptor levels in the artificial traumatized groups were higher compared with the non-traumatized control groups. This study, therefore, clearly demonstrates that the methods for inducing pseudopregnant (vagina tapping;120/min) and inducing decidualization(oil injection; 0.1ml/uterine horn) appear to be effective, $P_4$ appears to be effective in the differenciation of the uterine endometrial tissue for the implantation process. Concentration of serum $P_4$ seems to be well correlated with the level of the nuclear $P_4$ receptor during the early embryo development. These results seem to be well correlated with ALPase activities in the normal and pseudopregnant rat uterus shown in the previous study.

소셜 미디어를 활용한 급진적 이슬람의 세계화에 관한 연구 -인터넷상에 올리는 순교 동영상을 중심으로-

김성례 ( Kim Sung Rye ) 아시아문화학술원 2016 인문사회 21 Vol.7 No.4

전 세계는 급진적 이슬람 세력들이 일으키는 테러의 공포에 빠져있다. 최근 수십 년 간 급진적 이슬람운동은 팔레스타인과 이라크 등 아랍지역을 벗어나 탈지역화와 세계화 경향을 보인다. 이는 자살폭탄 테러의 내용을 담은 순교 비디오에서도 그 경향을 확인할 수 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 왜 평범한 무슬림이 순교 동영상을 본 후 순교자의 길을 걷게 되는지, 그 동영상의 내용과 메시지는 무엇인지 그리고 동영상은 누구에 의해, 어떻게 제작되고 인터넷에 전파되는지에 대한 답을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 급진적 이슬람주의자들이 순교라는 명분으로 자살폭탄 테러를 종용하고 있다는 점에 초점을 두었다. 또한 선전 전략으로 사용하는 소설 미디어와 인터넷이 자살폭탄 테러의 순교 이야기들을 널리 퍼뜨리는 가장 효율적인 선전의 극장임을 밝히고자 한다. 이를 위해 순교내용을 담은 대표적인 동영상을 분석하였다. 그 결과 순교비디오들에서 다음과 같은 주제들이 반복된다는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 순교 비디오들은 관객들에게 알라(Allah)에 대한 경외심을 갖도록 하고, 전 세계 무슬림들에게 종교적 영감과 자살테러 동기를 부여하기 위함이다. 그리고 전 세계 무슬림들에게 움마(이슬람 공동체)에 속해 있다는 소속감을 심어주려는 것이다. 이 공동체 개념 속에서 이슬람교도들은 스스로를 움마 조직원으로 여기며, 지역주의에서 벗어나 세계적인 순교자가 될 수 있다는 긍정적인 개념을 만드는 것이다. 본 연구의 결과, 자살 폭탄테러의 순교 비디오들은 인터넷 접속이 가능한 전 세계의 어느 곳에서 상연될 수 있다. 이로 인해 이슬람은 아랍과 이슬람 지역을 넘어 탈지역화·세계화 되고 있다. 또한 인터넷이 지하디스트의 메시지를 보급하는 매우 유용한 툴임이 증명됐다. 본 연구에 이어 향후 과제로는 급진적 이슬람주의의 테러에 대한 대응책을 찾는 연구가 계속되어야 할 것이다. The whole world is seized by the fear of terrorism by radical Islamic powers. In recent decades, the radical Islamic movement is becoming delocalized and globalized, breaking from the Arab region such as Palestine and Iraq, etc. We can find its trend from the martyrdom videos containing the contents of the suicide bomb terrorism. This study aims to give an answer to the question why the normal Muslims became martyrs after watching martyrdom videos, what the contents and messages of the videos are, who produced the videos, how they were produced and spread on the Internet. For this purpose, this study focused on the fact that radical Islamists urged suicide bomb terrorism in the name of martyrdom. In addition, social media and the Internet which are used for the strategic propaganda will be examined as the most efficient propaganda theater to spread the martyrdom stories of the suicide bomb terrorism widely. For this purpose, this study analyzed representative videos containing martyrdom contents. In the result, it could be noted that the following topics were repeated in the martyrdom videos. One is to make the audiences have awe of the Allah through the martyrdom videos and give religious inspiration and motivation for suicide terrorism to the Muslims all over the world. The other is to implant a sense of belonging to Ummah (Islamic community) in the Muslims all over the world. In this community concept, the Muslims regard themselves as members of the Ummah and they can have a positive concept to become global martyrs, breaking out of regionalism. As a result of this study, martyrdom videos of the suicide bomb terrorism can be shown in anywhere in the world where the Internet access is available. Therefore, Islam is becoming delocalized and globalized beyond the Arab and Islamic regions. In addition, the Internet is identified as a very useful tool to propagate the messages of Jihadists. Following this study, studies of the countermeasures against the terrorism of radical Islamism should continue as a future project.