사례 적용 Praat 기반 CSL 대체 자동화 음성분석 프로그램

강영애,장재원,구본석,Kang, Young Ae,Chang, Jae Won,Koo, Bon Seok 대한후두음성언어의학회 2021 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.32 No.2

There are a number of voice analysis programs around the world. Domestic voice analysis is performed by relying heavily on specific commercial program. We intend to develop coding for voice analysis using Praat and apply it to clinical practice. This study consisted of Experiment 1 and Experiment 2. Experiment 1 was the development of automated voice analysis coding based on Praat. The coding was largely divided into a recording, an analysis, and a storage section. Experiment 2 was applied to the voice analysis of 2 male patients pre- and post-operation with this coding. The analysis parameters of this coding provided 26 parameters for vowel /a/, nine parameters for sentence analysis, and a total of 4 parameters for voice range profile analysis. In two male patients, the pitch and the intensity increased, the voice quality improved, and the sentence length decreased after surgery. The coding was well made, so the output was good in real time. The code is automated as much as possible to block manual errors and increases convenience and efficiency by generating the result sheet in real time.

궁형성대와 성대폴립 간의 음성 비교

강영애,윤여훈,윤규철,성철재,Kang, Young-Ae,Yoon, Yeo-Hoon,Yoon, Kyu-Chul,Seong, Cheol-Jae 대한후두음성언어의학회 2011 대한후두음성언어의학회지 Vol.22 No.1

Background and Objectives : Vocal fold bowing is an organic voice disorder that is associated with an abnormal structure of the vocal folds whereas vocal fold polyp is a functional voice disorder caused by an abnormal use of the vocal folds. Both types of vocal folds share a common property in that they make one's voice breathy or strained. The purpose of this study is to compare voice from two types of vocal folds and to offer information of clinical importance. Materials and Method: Vocal fold bowing and vocal fold polyp groups consisted of 7 male subjects, respectively. All subjects recorded /a/ in the state of measuring MPT (maximum phonation time), repeating 3 times, by a voice recorder (48 kHz sampling rate; 24 bit quantization). They answered the questions of K-VHI. Time domain parameters (such as perturbation parameters including HNR, Jitter, etc.) were calculated for the whole duration of /a/ and those of the frequency domain were measured in initial 40 ms and stable 40 ms of /a/, respectively. Mann-Whitney V-test was used for the time domain parameters and K-VHI survey, and Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied to the frequency domain parameters (H1, H2, H1-H2). Results: For K-VHI survey and the time domain analysis, there was no significant difference between bowing and polyp group. For frequency domain analysis, H1 and H2 showed a significantly different result between two groups. Vocal fold bowing group has longer duration and lower intensity than that of vocal fold polyp group in the 'aspirated interval', which could be observable prior to ordinary vowel oscillation. Conclusion: Both groups seem to show breathy voice. This could be referred on the basis of the value of H1-H2. The K-VHI survey says that subjects with vocal fold bowing feel more uncomfortable than subjects with vocal fold polyp.

정중 흉골 절개술을 이용한 심장수술 후 환자의 체위변경과 흉골 합병증 발생과의 관계

강영애,배수진,송치은,Kang, Young Ae,Bae, Su Jin,Song, Chie Eun 한국중환자간호학회 2016 중환자간호학회지 Vol.9 No.1

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine the relationship between lateral position change and sternal complications after cardiac surgery through median sternotomy. Methods: This study was a retrospective descriptive case-control study, involving 241 patients who underwent cardiac surgery through median sternotomy. Data from October 2011 to September 2014 were collected. Results: Sternal complications (i.e. dehiscence, sternal instability, mediastinitis) developed in 33 patients (13.7%). Primary symptoms of complications were discharge and erythema, and the mean time difference from surgery to appearance of symptoms was 15 days (range, 1-138 days). The factors associated with sternal complications were cancer comorbidity (${\chi}^2=5.22$, p=.039), internal mammary artery procedure (${\chi}^2=4.16$, p=.041), and duration of extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (p=.033). Position change was not related to incidence of sternal complications (${\chi}^2=0.14$, p=.704). Pressure ulcers appeared in 63 patients (26.1%). Mean time difference from surgery until occurrence of ulcers was 6.7 hours (range, 0-323.0 hours), but position change was started from 132.4 hours (range, 27.1-503.2 hours) after intensive care unit admission. Conclusions: These results provide baseline data to create a standard position change and activity protocol for patients after median sternotomy. Furthermore, the study could help clinical practitioners establish evidence-based nursing practices.

명승 영월 청령포의 경제적 가치 추정과 보전기금 지불의사 결정요인

강영애(Kang, Young-Ae),노재현(Rho, Jae-Hyun),김현(Kim, Hyun) 대한관광경영학회 2016 觀光硏究 Vol.31 No.6

본 연구는 가상가치평가법을 이용하여 명승의 보존가치를 평가하기 위한 것이다. 이를 위하여 가상적 시나리오를 통해 강원도 영월 청령포에 대한 보전기금 지불의사를 평가하는 설문조사를 실시하였다. 영월 청령포 방문객을 대상으로 수집된 설문지 총 344부를 분석에 사용하였고, 청령포 보존가치 평가를 위한 로짓모델을 도출하였다. 분석 결과 제시금액 이외에 방문만족도와 재방문의도와 같은 심리적 변수가 보전기금 지불의사에 영향을 미치는 중요한 결정요인으로 나타났다. 명승 청령포 방문객은 1인당 평균 21,784원의 보존기금을 지불할 의사가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 청령포의 보전가치는 약 76억 원으로 추정되었다. 결론적으로 명승의 지속가능한 자원 관리와 이용 측면에서의 몇 가지 시사점과 연구의 한계를 제시하였다. This paper is to estimate the preservation value of the scenic site, using the contingent valuation method. This study conducted surveys in the Cheongnyeongpo as a scenic site located in Gangwon-do, in order to elicit willingness to pay determinants using a dichotomous choice question. The data, collected from 344 Cheongnyeongpo visitors, was analyzed and the logit model was constructed. Analysis result showed that the important explanatory variables of willingness to pay were the bidding price, satisfaction and revisit intention. The derived amount of willingness to pay for the Cheongnyeongpo preservation was 21,784 Won per visitor and thus the whole annual contingent value was about 7.6 billion Won. As a result, some implications and limitations were suggested for the sustainable management and utilization of the scenic site.

음성장애환자에게서의 우울감 연구

강영애(Kang, Young Ae),구본석(Koo, Bon Seok) 한국음성학회 2015 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.7 No.2

The objectives of this study are to research the frequency of depression symptom in patients with voice disorders and to investigate parameters associated with depression from voice evaluation. A hundred ninety six patients(106 males and 90 females) who had been diagnosed with voice disorders first in their lifetime were selected. All the patients were examined by laryngeal stroboscopy. For depression and voice study, personal interview, acoustic and aerodynamic analysis, voice handicap index(VHI), reflux symptom index(RSI), and beck depression index(BDI) were done respectively. Mild to severe BDI were seen in 26.2%(52 patients) of the whole patients. A BDI mean score of female patients was 8.8±7.5 which was higher than that of male patients(5.6±6.6), the difference observed being statistically significant(p<0.001). In the acoustic analysis, the score of sent_duration parameter was increasing in the patients with depression, which was significantly higher than the score of the patients without depression(p<0.05). In the addition, the scores of VHI and RSI were higher in the patients with depression(p<0.001). Our findings suggest that the prevalence of depression in patients with voice disorders is related to female, speaking velocity, and self-questionnaire. This result can be used for psychologically based approach to therapy.

파킨슨병 환자 대상 자동 운율평가 프로그램 개발을 위한 예비연구

강영애(YoungAe Kang),윤규철(KyuChul Yoon),성철재(CheolJae Seong),박현영(HyunYoung Park) 한국언어청각임상학회 2012 Communication Sciences and Disorders Vol.17 No.2

배경 및 목적: 운율장애라는 용어는 사용되고 있으나, 운율과 관련된 전 영역을 손쉽게 객관적으로 측정할 무료 도구가 그리 많지 않다. 이와 관련하여, 본 연구는 임상에서 쉽게 사용할 수 있는 운율평가 프로그램과 변수를 개발하여 소개하고자 하는 목적에서 시도되었다. 방법: 본 프로그램은 음성분석 소프트웨어 praat을 자동으로 제어하는 스크립트 기능을 이용하여 제작되었으며, 음도, 강도, 길이 기본 변수를 고려하여 총 11개 운율변수를 측정한다. 운율변수로는 문장길이, 음도관련 변수(평균음도, 최저음도, 최고음도, 음도범위), 강도관련 변수(평균강도, 최저강도, 최고강도, 강도범위), 기울기관련 변수(음도기울기, 강도기울기)다. 본 프로그램의 임상 연구를 위하여, 항파킨슨 약물을 복용중인 환자 10명과 연령을 통제한 정상군 20명을 대상으로 평서문과 의문문 각각 1개의 문장을 3회 녹음 후 평균처리 하여, 집단과 성별을 고려한 2 요인 다변량분산분석(MANOVA)을 실시하였다. 결과: 강도관련 변수는 집단(정상과 환자) 간 차이를 보였으며, 최저강도와 음도관련 변수는 성별 간 차이를 보였다. 또한 의문문의 음도기울기 변수는 성별 간 차이를 보였으며, 남성군에서 정상군보다 환자군에서 음의 기울기를 보여 의문문임에도 발화 후반부의 하강(slope = -.166)이 확인되었다. 또한 음도범위(pitch range)에서 집단과 성별 요인간의 교호작용이 관찰되었다. 강도관련 변수와 음도관련 변수 수치는 환자군보다 정상군에서 높았으며, 남성과 여성 비교시 남성군에서 강도는 높았고, 음도는 여성군이 높았다. 음도는 남녀의 내재적 차이로 인한 당연한 결과로 해석된다. 논의 및 결론: 임상에서 사용하기 편리하도록 프로그램을 녹음 단계 및 청지각적 평가 기록과 운율분석을 함께 하도록 구성하였으며, 연동에 문제가 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 음도, 강도 및 기울기 관련 11가지 운율변수에 대하여 제대로 측정됨을 확인하였다. 현재 개발 버전에서는, 쉼(pause)을 구분함이 없이 일괄적으로 발화길이를 측정한다는 한계가 있다. 이는 통일된 분석문장이 정해져 음절수를 사전에 제공하고, ‘쉼’ 레이블링과 같은 특별한 전처리(pre-processing) 과정이 주어진다면 충분히 보강할 수 있는 사항이다. Background & Objectives: Despite extensive studies of patients with aprosodic symptoms, no clinical tools have been developed that can help speech-language pathologists make objective and consistent diagnoses with ease for all of the prosodic aspects free of cost. The purpose of this study is to develop and verify an automated diagnostic prosody assessment program for patients with Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Methods: The program was developed in the form of a set of Praat scripts that control the overall diagnostic procedure. The core part of the scripts was built from the eleven parameters of prosody related to the pitch, loudness, and duration. The experimental group was composed of ten patients with Idiopathic Parkinson’s disease after pharmacological intervention and the control group was composed of twenty healthy people. Both groups recorded two sentences three times. One was a declarative sentence and the other was an interrogative sentence. The recordings were analyzed using the assessment program and a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was conducted. Results: For both sentences, the loudness-related parameters were differed significantly between the groups and the minimum loudness, pitch-related parameters, and pitch-slope parameter of the interrogative sentence differed between genders. Especially in the interrogative sentence, the value of pitch slope in the male patient group was negative, which indicates that the pitch of the end of the sentence is lower than that of the front during total utterance. The values of loudness and pitch were higher in the normal group than in the patient group. The value of loudness in the male group and the pitch in the female group were higher, which is in agreement with the difference of the fundamental frequency between genders. Discussion & Conclusion: The existing program is convenient to use in the clinic setting, because it works automatically for various stages of the process including the recording stage, the perceptual judgment stage, and the analysis of prosody. It does not have any working problem and the parameters for prosody in the program are reliable and valid. The program does, however, need the addition of pause analysis.

파킨슨병 환자 대상 조음교대운동의 음향적 분석

강영애(Kang, Young Ae),박현영(Park, Hyun Young),구본석(Koo, Bon Seok) 한국음성학회 2013 말소리와 음성과학 Vol.5 No.4

The acoustic analysis of diadochokinesis(DDK) has been used to evaluate dysarthria. However, there has not been an automatic method to evaluate dysarthria. The aim of this study was to introduce a new automated program to measure DDK tasks and to apply this to clinical patients with idiopathic Parkinson"s disease(IPD). Fourty-seven patients with IPD and a healthy control group of twenty participants were selected with every DDK task recorded three times. Twenty-five acoustic parameters in the program were developed. The relevant parameters were times of DDK, pitch related parameters, intensity parameters which were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA. Significant differences between the groups were found in the times of DDK, pitch related parameters, and intensity parameters. The findings indicated that the pitch of control group was more stable than that of the IPD. Even though the patients with IPD had a higher intensity value, this phenomenon was caused by the weakness of the IPD group who could not control their speech with a breath.

파킨슨병 환자와 정상 노인의 조음 특성 연구

강영애(Young-Ae Kang),박상희(Sang-Hee Park),성철재(Cheol-Jae Seong) 한국언어치료학회 2009 言語治療硏究 Vol.18 No.3

This study sought to characterize the articulatory rate and acoustic vowel space of people with dysarthric idiopathic Parkinson's disease before pharmacological intervention.Ten female patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease and a healthy control group of 10 females were selected and every voice was recorded 3-4 times using praat (ver. 5022) with a headset microphone. Parameters of the articulatory rate were sequential motion rate (/pʌtʌkʌ/) and alternating motion rate (/pʌ/,/tʌ/,/kʌ/) in five second intervals. The acoustic space parameters for vowels were as follows: Euclidean distance between vowels (/a/_/i/, /i/_/o/, and /o/_/a/) and acoustic space area. All parameters were statistically analyzed by Mann-Whitney U-test and Pearson correlation analysis. The results were (1) The articulatory rate of the patient group was lower than that of the normal group. (2) The Euclidean distance and vowel space area were smaller for the patient group than the normal group. (3) There were positive correlations among three parameters of articulatory rate in the normal group. However there was a positive correlation only of [AMR/pʌ/ & AMR/tʌ/] in the patient group. In particular, only the patient group showed a positive correlation between SMR and I_O distance. These findings indicate that Parkinson's disease causes a decrease of mandible movement. This physical change has the characteristics of dysarthric articulation. Consequently, in speech therapy sessions for regressive dysarthria patients, drills for articulatory acoustic space extension are important.

항산균 도말 검사, 세포진 검사가 음성이고, ADA와 CEA가 낮은 림프구성 흉막 삼출증의 임상 양상과 예후

강영애 ( Young Ae Kang ),윤영순 ( Young Soon Yoon ),이세원 ( Sei Won Lee ),최창민 ( Chang Min Choi ),김덕겸 ( Deog Kyeom Kim ),이희석 ( Hee Seok Lee ),고동석 ( Dong Seok Ko ),유철규 ( Chul Gyu Yoo ),김영환 ( Young Whan Kim ),한성 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2005 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.58 No.1

연구 배경 : 흉수의 항산균 도말과 세포진 검사가 음성이며, 흉수의 ADA 가 40 IU/L 이하, CEA가 10ng/ml 이하인 림프구성 흉막 삼출증의 임상적 특징과 예후를 살펴보고자 한다. 연구 방법 : 2000년 1월 1일부터 2001년 8월 31일 사이에 서울대학교 병원을 방문한 림프구성 흉막 삼출증 환자들 중 흉수의 항산균 도말과 세포진 검사가 음성이며, 흉수의 ADA가 40 IU/L 이하, CEA가 10ng/ml 이하인 환자들의 의무 기록을 Background : A pleural effusion is a common medical problem. Despite several diagnostic tests, 15-20% of pleural effusions go undiagnosed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical characteristics and prognosis of a lymphocyte dominant exudative

한국풍 천주교성가의 시대별 변화양상

강영애(Kang Young-Yeah) 한국전통음악학회 2005 한국전통음악학 Vol.- No.6

한국 천주교 음악은 대부분 서양음악으로 형성되었지만, 전통적인 음악어법으로 이루어진 천주교성가도 일부 있다. 그러므로 이 논문에서는 지금까지 발표된 자료들을 통해서 네시기로 구분하고, 그 시대를 대표하는 한국 풍 천주교 성가로서 제1기의 천주가사, 제4기의 국악성가, 그리고 제1기부터 제4기까지 꾸준하게 이어오는 연도의 음악적인 특징을 간단하게 살펴보았다. 제2기와 3기는 국악성가의 침체기와 준비기로서 뚜렷한 한국 풍 천주교성가를 찾아볼 수 없으며, 한국 풍 천주교성가는 그레고리오 성가나 서양음악어법으로 된 한글성가에 가려져 일시적으로만 존재하거나 겨우 명맥만 유지하는 실정이다. 네 시기로 구별하여 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같다. 제1기는 국악성가의 형성시대로 많은 천주가사와 연도가 전통가락에 의해 애창됨은 물론 대부분의 행사에서 불리었다. 그러나 제2기로 접어들면서 천주가사의 단절이 나타나거나 연도소리가 미사전례 밖으로 밀려남으로써 국악성가의 침체시대를 맞이한다. 그러므로 성가라고 하면 대부분이 서양곡 이었으며, 조선어성가라고 하더라도 가사를 우리말로 번안한 것이다. 제3기는 국악성가의 준비시대로 한국 악기의 성가반주가 부분적으로 시도되거나 천주가사에 대한 연구가 활기를 띠게 된다. 제4기는 국악성가의 발전시대로 개인 활동과 그룹 활동이 다양하게 전개된다. 그러므로 한 두 성가만 국악기로 반주되던 준비시대를 벗어나 몇몇 성당에서는 매주 국악미사를 봉헌하기도 하였는데, 이런 현상들은 국악성가시대의 새로운 부흥을 예견 하는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 1기부터 4기까지 170여 년 동안 이어온 전통가락의 연도는 박해시대에는 물론, 일제시대 서양음악에 의한 지배에도 불구하고 현재까지 유일하게 전승되고 있는 한국 풍 천주교성가이다. 연도가 가지고 있는 호소력과 민중성이야말로 연도가 민족혼과 맞닿아있는 데서 발생하는 민족적 가치를 보존하고 창조적으로 발전시킬 수 있는 근원이 될 것이라고 여겨진다. Korean-style Catholic chant have existed temporarily or been barely surviving, shaded by Korean chant originating from the Gregorian chants or Western music. This study examined Korean-style Catholic chant, dividing its history into four periods. The first period is when Korean traditional Catholic chant were formed. During this period, Chunjugasa(天主歌詞) and Yeondo(煉禱) were sung in traditional melodies everyday as well as in most occasions. Turning the second period, however, Korean traditional Catholic chant subsided as they were separated from Chunjugasa and Yeondo were pushed away from mass ceremonies. As a result, most Catholic chant were Western music and even Korean Catholic chant were mostly made by translating the words of Western music. The third period was when Korean traditional Catholic chant were prepared. During this period, Korean traditional instruments were partially introduced to play Catholic chant and researches on Chunjugasa were activated. In the fourth period, Korean traditional Catholic chant made progress, and various individual and group activities were executed. Therefore, different from the period of preparation when only or two Catholic chant were played on Korean traditional instruments, some Catholic churches had mass with Korean traditional music every week. This is considered to have forecasted the revival of Korean traditional Catholic chant. Yeondo on traditional melodies, which have lasted for 170 years from period 1 to 4, are the only Korean-style Catholic chant handed down through the ages of persecution, the period of Japanese imperialism and the dominance of Western music. The appeal and popularity of Yeondo are regarded as grounds for preserving and creatively developing national values resulting from the meeting between Yeondo and Korean national spirit.