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Gregorian chant 의 Centonization 기법에 관한 연구
김문자 한국음악학회 1986 한국음악학회논문집 음악연구 Vol.5 No.1
Gregorian chant had been transimitted orally before the music notational devices were developed in the Middle Ages. Therefore, Gregorian chant perfomances in those days depended upon memories and improvisations of a performer. As L. Treitler says, remembering is the reorganizational process of patterns accumulated through experiences. A person accumulates a stock of melodies according to the liturgical time and occasion since he becomes a choir boy. These are melodic patterns or, as W. Apel calls them, "standard phrases" which are used during Gregorian performances. That is, some Gregorian chants are composed by connecting these standard phrases one after the other, or by combining standard phrases and improvised sections in between. As a result, same phrases appear in a group of different Gregorian melodies, earning the name "wandering melismas." This "patch working" of standard melodies is called a centonization technique which is an unique characteristic of Gregorian chant. The centonization technique is especially eminent in Graduals, Responsories, and Tracts. This paper examines the technique by presenting standard phrases of each group above and analyzing in the chants selected from Liber Usalis.
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온도 전처리와 모식물의 품종이 고추(Capsicum annuum L.)의 약배양에 미치는 영향
김문자 목원대학교 자연과학연구소 1997 自然科學 硏究論文集 Vol.6 No.-
고추의 약배양시 고온 및 저온의 온도 전처리와 모식물의 품종에 따른 차이가 소포자배 발생에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 배양후 4-5 주일이 되었을 때부터 약강 내에서 소포자 유래의 배와 캘러스가 발생하였다. 배의 발생은 계룡산 재래와 밀양재래 두 품종 중 밀양재래에서 높았다. 배와 캘러스의 발생은 고온처리에 비해 저온처리에서 높았으나 저온처리에서 발생한 배는 대부분이 비정상적으로 발달하였고 고온처리에서는 배의 발생은 다소 낮았으나 대부분이 정상적으로 발달하였다. Anthers of Capsicum annuum L. were cultured on MS medium containing 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L kinetin. The influence of temperature pre-treatment and cultivars of donor plant on induction of microspore embryo was investigated. Calluses and embryos were formed 3-4 weeks after culture. Milyang-jare was superior to the Geryongsan-jare for microspore embryo induction. Low temperature treatment produced relatively high responsive anthers and embryogenic callus but embryo growth was abnormal. Anther response was slightly low in high temperature treatment but embryogenesis was normal.
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金文子 水原大學校 1997 論文集 Vol.15 No.-
This thesis to study the Costume in the Palhae Dynasty. Through the tombs and frescos, men in the Palhae Dynasty weared Malack and Boktu on the head. They also weared Danryangpo and boots or Samsin. Girdles were made by attaching Square or D-shaped gold, silver, gilt-bronze plates to leather belts. Women weared YooKoon and Daesoopo, Pyo. women's hairpins and combs are made of gold, silver, copper, wood and bone. In the Ornaments Earrings consisted of a ring to hang the earrings to the ear, a middle ornament hung from it to a pendants which hung below. Necklaces were consisted of row of beads. Bracelets were shaped of circle and oval. Rings were made by gold, silver, bronze and most simple style.
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김문자 중앙대학교 중앙사학연구소 2011 중앙사론 Vol.0 No.34
Thismanuscriptreportsthecircumstancesand countermeasures, focusing on flood damage and earthquake that occurred in the period of Toyotomi regime. As we examine a disaster in the early period of Toyotomi administration, the flood damage occurred intensively rather than earthquake. Since damages of flood and wind were predictable and occurred repeatedly, it seemed like the administration could prepare and handle disasters through water installation and prayer. For earthquake, it happened far away from Kyoto and Osaka, which were the center of political power. Thus, flood and earthquake that occurred in the early period of Toyotomi administration were not threatened Toyotomi's political system and power, nor related to political problem at home and abroad. Meanwhile, damages of flood and earthquake that occurred in the late period of Toyotomi regime made a huge impact on the Toyotomi's administration, because disasters occurred in Kyoto, which was the core area of central government. During that time, people tended to associate earthquake with war. They believed that there might be a higher chance of war when an earthquake hit. Politicians also believed an earthquake was considered as one of the variables that affected change their political power structure. Therefore, natural disasters in the latter period of Toyotomi administration, were considered as an element that led Toyotomi's administration to political crisis in domestic and foreign relations. From the religious aspects of disaster response in Toyotomi's regime, the administration had a Buddhist and prayer service, and they enacted Japanese era name. However, any measures that related to the improvement or restoration of living condition were not existed. When an earthquake occurred, Toyotomi Hideyoshi, who took more power of government administration than Japanese emperor, was afraid of the fault that people might pin the blame on him. Thus, he conducted a prayer ritual immediately to prevent a problem that people might blame Toyotomi Hideyoshi as the cause of natural disasters. An engineering perspective of fire prevention measures, there were no big difference between Toyotomi regime and Edo period. However, people in Toyotomi-era regime thought disasters were not a natural phenomenon, rather they believed God caused disasters. Therefore, we could see that most people in Toyotomi's era relied heavily on the prayer from god․buddhas and Onmyoji when they carried out earthworks and river works.
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金文子 水原大學校 1992 論文集 Vol.10 No.-
This thesis is to study the original form of scythe costume in ancient times. In Headgear there was Conical cap, Gold Diadem, and Calathos. They wore jackets as upper garment with leftsided collars, narrow sleeves for the length of the hip line. As lower garment, they wore the trousers. On the upper garment bound the leather belts that was hanged a hook that was shaped of animal form at the end, and they wore leather boots. All of them were suitable for horse riding activities. In ornaments, they divided into Gold Plaques intended as dress trimming and necklaces for the beads-link and torques, bracelets which of plaited wire, wide band, spiral shaped, earrings with pandants and rings.
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