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Gregorian chant 의 Centonization 기법에 관한 연구
김문자 한국음악학회 1986 한국음악학회논문집 음악연구 Vol.5 No.1
Gregorian chant had been transimitted orally before the music notational devices were developed in the Middle Ages. Therefore, Gregorian chant perfomances in those days depended upon memories and improvisations of a performer. As L. Treitler says, remembering is the reorganizational process of patterns accumulated through experiences. A person accumulates a stock of melodies according to the liturgical time and occasion since he becomes a choir boy. These are melodic patterns or, as W. Apel calls them, "standard phrases" which are used during Gregorian performances. That is, some Gregorian chants are composed by connecting these standard phrases one after the other, or by combining standard phrases and improvised sections in between. As a result, same phrases appear in a group of different Gregorian melodies, earning the name "wandering melismas." This "patch working" of standard melodies is called a centonization technique which is an unique characteristic of Gregorian chant. The centonization technique is especially eminent in Graduals, Responsories, and Tracts. This paper examines the technique by presenting standard phrases of each group above and analyzing in the chants selected from Liber Usalis.
金文子 수원대학교 1997 地域社會開發 Vol.9 No.-
This thesis to study the Ornaments in the Gaya Dynasty. Trough the ancient Tombs in GaYa, the Accessary is divided to four groups, Earrings, Necklaces, Bracelets, Rings. In the Ornaments Earrings consisted of a ring to hang the earrings to the ear, a middle ornament hung from it to a pendants which hung below was made of heart, double heart, and Chijachil shaped. Necklaces were consisted of row of beads, which were divided to four style. Bracelets were made by gold, silver, bronze and beads, shaped of snake abdomen. The styles of the Rings were a plain Ring and diamond-shaped. They putted the several Rings on the five fingers in all.
김문자 服飾文化學會 2002 服飾文化硏究 Vol.10 No.5
The purpose of this study is to classify of the Cone shaped Pendants in old tombs of Three Kingdom States. These Cone shaped Pendants are made of bronze and coated with gold plate or Gold. Each Cone shaped Pendants consists of a Sehwhan(細環) type or Taewhan(태환) type, a median part in the form of a several joined small globe, or circular shape, and finally a cone-shaped pendant. Cone shaped Pendants is 5 part(A-a, A-b, B-1-a, B-1-b, B-2-b type) in according to the styles of the Sehwhan(細環) and Taewhan(태환) type and median ornament types. A-a, A-b, B-1-a, B-1-b type was general style that was found in most of the old tombs in Kokuryo, Pacjae, ancient Silla. B-2-b type was excavated from the only Kokuryo tombs.
김문자 한복문화학회 2002 韓服文化 Vol.5 No.2
Regarding the Ornaments for Diadem in Baekje. the article of King Goi in Samguk-sagi can be referred to. These articles were applicable to the noble or the officials whose social status are over the sixth Pum in the grade. Specifically, the opinions that a crown of the King was made in red silk and was adorned with gold ornaments and those with standings over the sixth Pum were required to put on an embellished silver ornaments. In Baekje's Sasindo [Liangikgongdo(梁識貢圖) and Bungekipjodo(蕃客入朝圖)]. ornaments that was placed on the head is assumed to be a conical hat that was attached unique Kwansik. The ornaments for Diadem was excavated from the tombs is adorned with a arranged leaf-stems on either sides and the flower-shaped. They were distinguished with the original mode is regarded as the crown-ornament in the form of a flowering plant that was common in the Kingdoms of Goguryeo and ancient Silla at the time.