한국 노랑 초파리 (Drosophila melanogaster) 자연 집단의 ADH & α-GPDH 동위효소 빈도의 분포 상태와 연속변이 (Cline)에 관한 연구

成耆昌,姜德泳 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1990 論文集 Vol.41 No.1

본 실험은 한국지역을 위도와 경도별로 각각 35˚∼39˚, 126∼130˚의 범위내에서 1˚씩 구획을 정하여 14개 지역으로부터 채집된 노랑 초파리 (D. melanogaster)의 ADH & α-GPDH allozyme의 전체적인 분포상태 및 그 유전자 빈도가 위도와 경도에 따라 연속변이 (Cline)를 형성하고 있는지를 살펴보고, 그러한 관계에 기후요소가 어떻게 관련되어 있는가를 조사하여 Selectionist & Neutra1ist의 Allozyme polymorphism의 진화적 의미에 대한 해석에 좀 더 유의한 자료로 활용될 수 있기를 바라는 뜻에서 진행된 바, 그 결과를 요약하여 정리하면 다음과 같이 표현될 수 있다. 1. 한국지역의 ADH & α-GPDH 동위효소 빈도의 분포는 대체적으로 다음과 같이 표시할수 있다. ADH 동위효소의 빈도와 순위는 FF(48.76%)>FS(38.10%)>SS(13.13%)로 나타나며, α-GPDH 동위효소의 빈도와 순위는 FS(43.30%)>FF(34.66%)>SS(22.04%)로 나타나고 있다. 2. 한국지역의 Adh & α-Gpdh 대립유전자 빈도 분포는 대체적으로 다음과 같이 표시할수 있다: Adh 대립유전자 빈도는 Adh^F(67.81%), Adh^s(32.19%)로 나타나며, α-Gpdh 대립유전자 빈도는 α-Gpdh^F(56.31%), α-Gpdh^s(43.69%)로 나타나고 있다. 3. 한극지역의 Adh & α-Gpdh 대립유전자 빈도는 위도와 경도의 변화에 따라 유의적인상관 관계를 나타내는 경향이 있음을 알 수 있다: Adh^F 유전자 빈도와 위도 사이이 유의적인 양의 상관관계(r=0.557, p<0.05)를 나타내는 바, 이는 위도가 증가할수록 Adh^F 빈도가 증가함을 나타내는 것으로 해석된다. α-Gpdh^F 유전자 빈도와 경도 사이의 유의적인 양의 상관관계 (r=0.516, p<0.1)를 나타내는 바, 이는 경도가 증가할수록 α-Gpdh^F 빈도가 증가함을 나타내는 것으로 해석된다. 그러나 Adh^F 유전자 빈도와 경도 사이, α-Gdph^F 유전자 빈도와 위도 사이에는 유의적인 상관관계가 형성되어 있다고 해석하기에는 미흡한 점이 있다. 4. Adh & α-Gpdh 대립유전자 빈도의 위도와 경도의 변화에 따른 연속변이에 영향을 줄수 있는 기후 요소를 분석한 결과 최대 강우량(Rmax)이 Adh^F 유전자 빈도와 음의 상관 관계 (r=-0.501, p<0.1)를 나타내고 있는 변수로 분석되고, 평균 강우량(Rmean)이 α-Gdph^F유전자 빈도와 음의 상관 관계 (r=-0.461, p<0.1)를 나타내고 있는 변수로 분석된 바, 온도 변수보다는 강우량 변수가 위도에 따른 Adh 대립유전자 빈도의 연속변이와 경도에 따른α-Gpdh 대립유전자 빈도의 연속변이에 좀 더 밀접한 관계를 지니면서, 영향을 주는 요인으로 추정된다. The samples of D. melanogaster were captured from 14 localities in the range of 35°∼39°(latitude) and 126°∼130°(longitude). The Adh & α-Gpdh variants were analysed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Adh and α-Gpdh were considered to have two common electraphoretically distinguishable alleles: Adh^F & Adh^S, α-Gpdh^F & α-Gpdh^s. This experiment was conducted to investigate the geographic clines and climatic associations of the Adh and α-Gpdh gene frequencies in Korean natural populations of D. melanogaster. The results of experiment can be summerized like the following: 1. The distribution and rank of ADH and α-GPDH allozyme frequencies showed the ADH-FF(48.76%)> -FS(38.10%)> -SS(13.13%) and FS(43.30%)> -FF(34.66%)> -SS(22.04%), respectively. 2. The Adh allelic gene frequencies showed the Adh^F(67.81%) and Adh^s(32.19 %): The lowest frequency of Adh^F gene was 62.00% (Kimhae-Gun), the highest frequency of Adh^F gene was 73.10% (Sokcho-Shi). 3. The α-Gpdh allelic gene frequencies showed the α-Gpdh^F(56.31%) and α-Gpdh^s(43.69%): The lowest frequency of α-Gpdh^F gene was 45.61%(Sosan-Gun), the highest frequency of α-Gpdh^F gene was 64.46% (Tonghae-Shi). 4. There were a geographic clines in Adh frequency with latitude and α-Gpdh frequency with longitude: Adh^F gene frequency increased markedly and significantly with latitute while α-Gpdh^F gene frequency increased much less dramatically but also significantly with longitude. 5. The most highly correlated variable with the latitudinal cline of Adh gene frequency was the Rmax: It correlated negatively and significantly with the Adh^F frequency(r=-0.501, P<0.1). 6. The most highly correlated variable with the longitudinal cline α-Gpdh gene frequency was the Rmean: It correlated negatively and significantly with α-Gpdh^F frequency (r=-0.461, <0.1). Therefore, the dines in Adh and α-Gpdh gene frequencies in the Republic of Korea explained largely by more variation in rainfalls than variation in temperatures. The effect of rainfall on Adh & α-Gpdh phenotypes is likely to be indirect.

Drosophila immigrans Sturtevant에 있어서 同所集團과 異所集團의 性的隔離

成耆昌,金容圭,金溶聲 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1989 論文集 Vol.40 No.2

한국 Drosophila immigrans 집단의 유전적 구조를 밝히는 연구의 일환으로 5개집단(설악, 대전, 광주, 부산, 제주)을 대상으로 pair-mating시켜 "dissection of sperm"방법을 이용하여 동소집단과 이소집단의 성적격리를 실험하였다. 본 실험의 결과는 다음과 같다. (1) 한국 D. immigrans 집단의 경우 동소집단의 성적격리도가 이소집단보다 높았으며 Ehrman & Parsons^17,18)과는 상반되는 결과를 보였다. (2) 지리적격리가 성적도태 요인이 되지 않는 것 같다. (3) 한국 D. immigrans 집단의 평균성적격리도는 지금까지 조사된 어느 집단보다도 낮았다. (4) 집단간의 성적격리도는 통계적으로 유의한 차를 보였다. (5) 한국 D. immigrans 집단의 성적격리는 "founder effect"로 설며하는 것이 타당하나, 환경여건 및 "habitat selection"에 의해 일어나는 현상도 결코 배제할 수 없을 것 같다. (6) isofemale 계통에 관한 계속적인 연구가 행하여지는 경우, 한국 D. immigrans 집단의 성적격리에 의한 진화문제에 좋은 자료가 될 것으로 기대한다. In order to clarify the genetic structure of Korean populations of Drosophila immigrans, the natural populations of D. immigrans were sampled at 5 localities (Mt. Sorak, Daejon, Kwangju, Pusan, Jeju isl.). By pair-mating and dissection of sperm, sexual isolation in sympatric and allopatric populations was analyzed. The results are as follows: 1. Sexual isolation of sympatric populations is higher than that of allopatric populations and it is opposed to the results of Ehrman and Parsons.^17,18) 2. The degree of isolation does not depend upon the geographic distance. 3. It was noted that the average isolation indices observed in Korean populations of D. immigrans were low as compared with those of several populations of D. immigrans by other workers. 4. Statistically significant sexual isolation occured between populations. 5. It is suggested that the maintenance of sexual isolation in Korean populations of D. immigrans be due to "founder effect" and cannot be excluded that it is due to environmental conditions and "habitat selection". 6. The detailed study of isofemale strains will give an idea of the potential for evolution of sexual isolation in Korean populations of D. immigrans.

Drosophila melanogaster의 小集團에 있어서 致死異型接合體의 生存度

成耆昌 成均館大學校 1968 論文集 Vol.13 No.-

D. melanogaster의 小集團에 있어서 genetic load의 本質을 究明해보기 爲하여 致死因子異型接合體의 生存度에 對하여 實驗하였다. 第二染色體에서 25 致死因子系統, 15 正常系統 그리고 第三染色體에서 49 致死因子系統, 29 正常系統이 이 實驗에 使用되었으며 이들은 서울과 光陵의 集團으로부터 7月, 9月, 10月에 各各 採集된 것들이다. 遺傳的背景을 均一하게 하기 爲하여 第二染色體가 對象이 됐을 경우에는 第一 및 第三染色體를 그리고 第三染色體가 對象이 됐을 경우에는 第一 및 第二染色體를 isogenic Samarkand系統의 染色體와 置換시켰다. 單一致死異型接合體의 生存度를 1로 하였을 때 平均比較生存度의 幅은 第二染色體에서 正常異型接合體(+′/+)가 0.754∼1.291 그리고 trans type 二重致死異型接合體(1_1/1_2)가 0.510∼1.477을 보여주었다. 그리고 平均生存度는 正常致死異型接合體가 1.026, 그리고 trans type 二重致死異型接合體가 0.989였다. 第三染色體에서는 生存度의 幅은 正常致死異型接合體가 0.756∼1.449이고 trans type 二重致死異型接合體가 0.520∼1,308을 나타내었으며 이들 平均生存度는 正常致死異型接合體가 1.056 그리고 trans type 二重致死異型接合體가 0.923을 나타내었다. 統計的인 分析結果는 探索體間, 集團間은 有意하지 않았고 因子型間에는 有意하였다. 第二染色體에 例外的인 것이 두個 나타났는데(+/+′2.135, 1_1/1_2 0.972, +/+′ 1.009, 1_1/1_2 0.123)이는 Table에서 除外되었다. 本 實驗의 結果로서 다음 몇가지의 結論을 얻었다. In order to clarify the essence of genetic load in small population of Drosophila melanogaster, the experiment has been excuted of the viability of lethal heterozygotes. 25 lethal lines and 15 normal lines of the second chromosome, and 49 lethal lines and 29 normal lines of the third chromosome have been used as material. In order to make genetic background to be homogeneous, in case of the second chromosome, the first and the third chromosome were replaced with the chromosomes of isogenic Samarkand strain, while, in case of the third chromosome, the first and the second were done. When we assume the viability of the single lethal heterozygote as one, the range of the relative viability of second chromosome shows that normal heterozygotes are 0.754-1.291 and trans type double lethal heterozygotes are 0.520-1.477 and the mean viability of normal and trans type-double lethal heterozygote is 1.026, 0.923, respectively. In the third chromosome, the relative viability range shows that normal heterozygotes are 0.756-1.449 while trans type-double lethal heterozygotes are 0.520-1.308 and the mean viability of normal and trans type double lethal heterozygotes is 1.056, 0.989, respectively. As a result of these experiment the following conclusion has been obtained: 1. Difference of viability of second and third chromosome is not significant. 2. When we make genetic background to be homogeneous, relative viability is +/+′>+/1>1_1/1_2 both in the second and third chromosome. 3. The lethals in small populations of Drosophila melanogaster are deleterious in heterozygous condition. 4. In the small population of Drosophila melanogaster, genetic load is perhaps better to be explained by mutational load rather than balanced load.

장애학생을 위한 편의시설 : 무장애(barrier-free)학교 설계 및 계획기준

성기창 국립특수교육원 2004 직무연수 Vol.- No.7

韓國 노랑 초파리의 Heterochromatin 多型現象에 관한 硏究

성기창,박흥석 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1987 論文集 Vol.38 No.1

Heterochromatin polymorphism in the mitotic chromosomes from Taejeon and Kang-wha of Drosophila melanogaster has been examined by using Q-banding methods. The significant difference in fluorescence banding patterns was observed only in Y-chromosome, which was arbitrarily classified into Y-type S and Y-type P. The frequency of Y-type S and Y-type P for Taejeon population was found to be 80.26% and 19.74%, while it was 88.57% and 11.43% for Kangwha population, respectively. However, no difference was observed in the heterochromatin condensing patterens at interphase. The fluorecence banding patteren observed in the 2nd, 3d, 4th, and X-chromosome from flies of both population were similar to that reported previously. The genetic and evolutionary significance of the Y-type S, and Y-type P has been discussed.

韓國 노랑초파리의 염색체내 KP element의 分布에 관한 硏究

成耆昌 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1992 論文集 Vol.43 No.2

In order to clarify the behavior of KP element in korean population of D. melanogaster, isofemale lines(168) were estabilished at YJ island from September in 1991. (1) It was tested by P-M system for P factor activity and cytotype. Simultaneously, (2) Strain type for population were analysed. (3) After 15 generations, some selected lines tested P factor activity. And then, 5 lines analysed by in situ hybridization with biotin-labeled pπ 25.1 DNA probes(4.7kb and 0.7kb). The results were as follows. (1) The cytotype is widely distributed and P factor activity are very low (3%) in this population. (2) It was analysed that isofemale line was consist of M(0.6%), M'(41%), Q(56.5%) and no P strain. It was mainly consist of M' and Q strain like any other Korea population. (3) The copy number of P element was strong P(43), Q(27) and three M'(33.3) strain per genome on larval polytene chromosome. PstI porbe (0.7 kb) was hybridized only autonomous P element. Therefore, supposed that many KP elements contained on chromosome of YJ island population.

초파리(Drosophila melanogaster)의 實驗集團에 있어서 連關不平衡

成耆昌 成均館大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.31 No.-

In order to clarify the linkage disquilibrium, six experimental populations were surveyed at two mutant loci (cinnabar and brown) on the second chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. The experimantal results indicated: (1) the linkage disequilibrium would be due to an epistatic relationship between the cinnabar and the brown mutants. (2) the rate of decay of linkage disequilibrium was similar to the expected value during first three generations and become lower than the expected value after the fourth generation. (3) there was no significant difference in linkage disequilibrium between populations which consist of different genetic background. and (4) the frequency changes of brown gene was significant between population which consisted of linked gene and single gene.

韓國 Drosophila melanogaster Meigen 自然集團의 第二, 第三 染色體에서 雄性再組合

成耆昌,金世鎭 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1987 論文集 Vol.38 No.1

한국의 8개 자연집단(제주, 목포, 부산, 대구, 대전, 울진, 강릉, 강화)을 대상으로 1985년 7∼10월 사이에 채집된 D. melanogaster를 isofemale 계통으로 유지하여 추출한 웅성으로부터 제 2 염색체와 제 3 염색체에서 웅성재조합의 빈도를 분석하였다. D. melanogaster의 웅성재조합 평균빈도는 제 2 염색체에서 8.20%, 제 3 염색체에서는 11.13%로 나타났다. 특히 울진집단내의 재조합빈도는 제 3 염색체에서 13.27%로 제 2 염색체의 재조합빈도(3.37%)보다 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 그러나 울진을 제외한 7개 집단의 경우는 제 2, 제 3 염색체 사이에 재조합빈도의 차이는 거의 없었다. 재조합현상이 M type 계통에서도 관찰된 것으로 보아 웅성재조합 요소(MRF)의 유전적 특성은 P element와는 동일하지 않은 것으로 생각된다. 제 2 염색체에서 웅성재조합빈도는 black과 curved loci 부위에서 높게 일어났으며 제 3 염색체에서는 scarlet와 curled loci 부위에서 높게 일어난 것으로 보아 염색체내의 MRF 위치와 Heterochromatin 사이에 밀접한 관계가 있을 것으로 추측된다. The frequency and distribution of male recombination factor occuring in the second and third chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster collected from eight localities in the Southern half of the Korean peninsula have been investigated. The flies used in this study were collected from Cheju, Mokpo, Pusan, Taegu, Taechon, Ulchin, Kangrung and Kanghwa in July through October 1985. The males used for the study were isolated from the isofemale lines. The results showed that 1) The avarage frequency of male recombination was 8.20 percent on the second and 11.13 percent on the third chromosomes. 2) The frequency of male recombination observed in the third chromosome, 13.17 percent, was Ulchin population, which was significantly higher than that of the second chromosome which was 3.37 percent. However, Male recombination frequency in either chromosomes of the other populations tested was not significantly different. 3) The observation that male recombination has occured in M type strains, indicated that male recombination factor (MRF) is not identical to the P element. 4) The frequency of male recombination in the second chromosome was found to be most abundant in the region between b

한국 Drosophila melanogaster 집단의 Segregation Distorter(SD) 염색체에 관한 연구

성기창 성균관대학교 기초과학연구소 1987 論文集 Vol.38 No.2

The frequency of SD chromosomes at 25℃ and 29℃ was examined in the Drosophila melanogaster population collected from Daejon and Jeju, Korea. The observed frequency for the 123 Daejon lines of Drosophila grown at 25℃ was 0.8% (0.950<k<1.000), while it was 4.9%(0.800<k<1.000) for the lines grown at 29℃. For the Jeju population, The SD frequency at 25℃ was 0.8% (0.900<k<1.000), while it was 4.6%(0.800<k<0.949) at 29℃. The SD frequency was not significantly different between the two populations, but appeared to be affected by the increase in temperature. The overall observed SD frequency in both populations was lower than expected. The results suggested that the factors affecting the frequency of SD may include modifiers, suppressors and Rsp^1.

Drosophila immigrans의 韓國集團에 있어서의 同位酸素 多型現象

成耆昌,金希廷,金世鎭,李尙源 성균관대학교 1991 論文集 Vol.42 No.1

In order to clarify the genetic structure and variability in Korean populations of D. immigrans, for isozymes are assayed by means of starch gel electrophoresis. The results are follow : 1. Polymorphism appeared in four isozyme loci. 1. In Korean natural population, average heterozygosities are estimated, 0.9% (AcPH), 50.1%(APH), 47.7%(Est), 0.8%(GOT) respectively. 3. The frequencies of three isozymes except GOT locus had significant differences among five Korean natural populations. 4. Through the Roger's similarity index analysis, the value between Gangreung and Daejeon seemed to be low, but the value among other populations and estimated between 0.611 and 0.925. 5. The maintenance mechanism of isozyme variability in Korean populations of D. immigrans may be explained by genetic drift or founder effects.