UV Protective Properties of Nonwoven Fabrics for Clothing and Analysis of the Influential Factors

이승신(Seungsin Lee) 한국생활환경학회 2009 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.16 No.2

자외선에의 과도한 노출은 광노화(photoaging), 피부암 등의 피부질환 및 건강 장해를 유발한다. 일회용 작업복 소재로 부직포 사용이 크게 증가함에 따라, 부직포 작업복을 착용하고 직사광선 하에 장시간 작업해야 하는 작업자들에게 자외선으로부터 안전한 의복 환경을 제공하기 위해, 이들 부직포의 자외선 차단 성능 및 이에 영향을 미치는 영향요인의 분석이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 의류 용도로 사용되고 있는 12종의 부직포에 대해 자외선 차단 성능을 평가하고, 간단하고 측정이 용이한 직물 변인을 이용하여 자외선 투과율을 예측하는 통계 모델을 개발하고자 하였다. 부직포 12종에 대해 무게 및 두께를 측정하였고, 이에 근거하여 부직포의 openness를 나타낼 수 있는 변인으로 solid volume fraction을 산출하였다. 이들 직물 변인을 이용하여 다중다항식 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 현재 의류용으로 사용되고 있는 부직포는 다양한 정도의 자외선 차단 성능을 나타냈는데 12종의 부직포 중 7종의 소재가 15 이하의 UPF(Ultraviolet Protection Factor) 값을 나타내 자외선 차단 능력이 매우 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 다중다항식 회귀분석 결과, 두 가지 직물 변인인 직물 무게와 solid volume fraction을 이용하여 UV-A와 UV-B 투과율을 예측할 수 있는 통계 모델을 개발하였으며, R²는 각각 0.91과 0.96으로 나타났다. 이는 매우 간단하고 측정이 용이한 직물 변인을 이용하여 부직포에 대한 자외선 투과율을 예측하는 것이 가능함을 의미한다. Prolonged exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR) can cause permanent damage to skin and is believed to be responsible for the development of skin cancers. As the use of nonwoven fabrics for protective garments for outdoor workers continues to increase, it is necessary to provide information on UV-protective properties of nonwoven fabrics in order to provide a safe working environment for outdoor workers from UV radiation. The objectives of this study are to characterize UV-protective properties of nonwoven fabrics currently available for protective garments and to explore fabric parameters affecting the UVR transmission through nonwoven fabrics. Also, a statistical model that estimates UVR transmission of nonwoven fabrics using simple fabric parameters is developed. Twelve nonwoven fabrics commercially available for clothing were selected, and the fabric weight and thickness were measured. Solid volume fraction was calculated based on the fabric measurements. Statistical analyses were performed to examine the relationship between fabric parameters and UVR transmission through nonwoven fabrics. Nonwoven fabrics available for clothing exhibited a wide range of ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) values. More than half of the nonwoven fabrics provide little protection against UV radiation. Statistical models estimating the level of UV-A and UV-B transmission were developed using two significant fabric parameters, fabric weight and solid volume fraction. The R² values for models developed for UV-A and UV-B transmission were 0.91 and 0.96, respectively. These findings could be useful in providing recommendations for selecting nonwoven fabrics for protective garments for outdoor workers.

Preparation, Structural Characteristics, and Properties of Airlaid Nonwoven Silk Fabric

Yeon Su Bae(배연수),In Chul Um(엄인철) 한국고분자학회 2020 폴리머 Vol.44 No.6

본 연구에서는 실크 단사를 공기 분산 후 습윤 및 열압착 처리를 통하여 새로운 에어레이드 실크부직포를 제조하고 그 구조특성과 성질에 대해 살펴보았다. 실크사의 길이가 증가할수록 웹에서 실크사의 분산성은 나빠지고, 실크웹의 인장강도는 감소하였다. 열압착 온도가 200 ℃까지 증가함에 따라 에어레이드 실크부직포의 강도와 신도가 증가하였다가 그 이후에는 감소하여 200 ℃가 부직포의 기계적 물성을 위한 최적의 압착온도로 밝혀졌다. 2.5% 세리신 수용액을 실크웹에 6 mL 첨가 시까지는 실크부직포의 기계적 물성 향상에 도움이 되었으나 그 이후에는 물성 개선에 도움이 되지 못하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과를 통해 새로운 실크부직포가 공기분산법을 이용하여 제조가능함을 확인할 수 있었고, 다만 향후에 실크단사보다는 실크섬유를 이용하는 등 제조 공정조건에 대한 개선이 필요할 것으로 생각된다. In this study, short silk yarns were manually airlaid, wetted, and hot-pressed to fabricate new airlaid nonwoven silk fabric. Furthermore, the structural characteristics and properties of the nonwoven fabric were examined. As the length of silk yarn increased, the dispersion of silk yarn in the web worsened and the tensile strength of the resultant nonwoven silk fabric decreased. As the press temperature was increased to 200 ℃, the tensile strength and elongation of the airlaid nonwoven silk fabric increased. However, it subsequently decreased with further increase in the press temperature, indicating that 200 ℃ is the optimum press temperature for obtaining the best mechanical properties of the nonwoven silk fabric. An addition of a 2.5% aqueous sericin solution improved the mechanical properties of the nonwoven silk fabric up to a certain point (i.e., 6 mL); however, further addition of the sericin solution was not helpful. This study demonstrated that nonwoven silk fabric can be fabricated using the airlaid method, although the process should be further improved by controlling preparation conditions, such as using short silk fiber rather than short silk yarn.

신발용 부직포의 기능성 및 쾌적성에 관한 연구

안승국,정원영,박정우 한국섬유공학회 2002 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.39 No.3

In this study, we measured and analyzed functional and comfort properties of nonwoven fabrics which are widely used in the shoe industry as the substrate of insole or artificial leather. It was possible to predict the properties of materials for shoes by analyzing tensile, shear, bending, compressional, and surface properties. To estimate comfort properties, we tested air, moisture, and thermal transport properties, then we evaluated th changes of each property of finished nonwoven fabrics which were dipped and coated with polyurethane resin in a laboratory instrument. In comparing mechanical properties of finished fabrics with those of base fabrics, B and 2HB remarkably increased compared with other properties, and the intrinsic properties of base fabrics mainly affected the properties of finished fabrics. Artificial leather manufactured by dipping and coating processes were investigated to define the variatios of transport properties. The changes due to the finishing may give rise to discomfort. Water vapor permeability and heat keeping rate decreased and thermal conductivity and cool feeling slightly increased. These transport characteristics were more closely related with the condition of finishing than with the construction of base fabrics.

Stab/Puncture Resistance Performance of Needle Punched Nonwoven Fabrics: Effects of Filament Reinforcement and Thermal Bonding

Xiayun Zhang,Ting-Ting Li,Ting-Ting Li,Hao-Kai Peng,Zhike Wang,Jia-Horng Lin,Ching-Wen Lou 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.8

This paper fabricated two types stab-resistant nonwoven fabric and the stab/puncture resistance of nonwoven werestudied. Nylon fibers, Kevlar fibers, and two types of low-melting point fibers-low-melting point polyester (LPET) fibers andpolypropylene(PP) fibers-are made into PP/nylon/Kevlar and LPET/nylon/Kevlar nonwoven fabrics. Needle punching andthermal bonding technology are used to made stab-resistant nonwoven fabric, thereby examining the influence of lowmeltingpoint fibers content (i.e. LPET or PP fibers) and bonding mode with other fibers on the stab/puncture resistanceproperty of nonwoven fabrics. The quasi-static stab resistance and bursting properties were compared between nonwovenfabrics and nonwoven fabric of PET filament reinforced nonwovens. The test results show that PET filament reinforcementhas a positive influence on the mechanical properties of composite nonwoven fabrics, especially puncture/stab resistanceperformance.

숯 날염에 의한 부직포의 특성 변화

신정숙,박순자,정명희,田村照子,小紫朋子 한국의류학회 2004 한국의류학회지 Vol.28 No.2

The purposes of this study were to investigate characteristic changes on nonwoven fabric by the charcoal printing. It separate grind charcoal as two different size of particles 45-52㎛ and 53-65㎛ for hand screen printing on three kind of nonwoven fabrics. To examine the effect of charcoal printing on nonwoven fabric were to obwerve surface changes by a scanning electron microscope, dyeability by using spectrophotometer, moisture regain by oven method, air permeability, anion property, deodorization and antibacterial activity. The results were as follows: When charcoal powder concentration increased from 3 to 9%, K/S value also increased from 3.06to 8.55. When charcoal concentration increased, moisture regain also increased. In same concentration, moisture regain occurred higher as particle of small size. Air permeability decreased when the charcoal printing concentration increased. Anion occurrence appeared 140-160ion/㏄ from three different kinds of nonwoven fabrics in 3% and 9% charcoal concentration. Therefore, occurred anion ineffectively. In concentration of 3%, rate of deodorization measured as 89%, 83% and 87%, and 9% concentration caused 96%, 86% and 93% of high deodorization. Antibacterial activity examination in nonfinished nonwoven fabric resulted range of 60% however, 3% and 9% concentration finished nonwoven fabric resulted 99.9% of excellent antibacterial activity.

Effects of needle punching process and structural parameters on mechanical behavior of flax nonwovens preforms

Omrani, Fatma,Soulat, Damien,Ferreira, Manuela,Wang, Peng Techno-Press 2019 Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science Vol.6 No.2

The production of nonwoven fabrics from natural fibers is already expanding at an industrial level for simple curvature semi-structural part in the automotive industry. To develop their use for technical applications, this paper provides an experimental study of the mechanical behavior of flax-fiber nonwoven preforms. A comparison between different sets of carded needle-punched nonwoven has been used to study the influence of manufacturing parameters such as fibers' directions, the area and the needle punching densities. We have found that the anisotropy observed between both directions can be reduced depending on these parameters. Furthermore, this work investigates the possibility to form double curvature parts such as a hemisphere as well as a more complex shape such as a square box which possesses four triple curvature points. We propose a forming process adapted to the features of the nonwoven structure. The purpose is to determine their behavior under high stress during various forming settings. The preforming tests allowed us to observe in real time the manufacturing defects as well as the high deformability potential of flax nonwoven.

Functional Modification of Sanitary Nonwoven Fabric by Chitosan/Nanosilver Colloid Solution and Evaluation of Applicability

Bae, Hyun-Sook 한국섬유공학회 2010 FIBERS AND POLYMERS Vol.11 No.4

For their functional enhancement, sanitary nonwoven fabrics with a relatively smooth surface were treated using chitosan, a natural polymer with excellent biocompatibility, and nanosilver colloid solution, which has strong antibacterial effects even when used in small amounts. The treatment effect was examined at various mixing ratios. When the mixing ratio of the nanosilver solution was higher, antibacterial and deodorization activity was increased. For CH3/NS1 treated fabric, when the mixing ratio of chitosan and nanosilver solution was 3:1, the air permeability was most excellent, and worked as a positive in improving the pleasantness of the sanitary nonwoven fabric. In all samples, the electrostatic propensity was reduced, regardless of the mixing ratio. In terms of the moisture characteristics of chitosan/nanosilver treated nonwoven fabrics, the moisture uptake was found to be superior in the CH3/NS1 treated fabric. When the mixing ratio of the nanosilver solution was higher, moisture permeability decreased, showing a similar tendency to that of air permeability. The vertical water permeability coefficient increased in all treated fabrics. The dynamic water absorption rate was good in CH4 and CH3/NS1 treated fabrics. This means that the absorption of water in the liquid state became easier, thus improving applicability as sanitary nonwoven fabrics.

Effect of Melt Jet Spinning Process on Poly(lactic acid) Disposable Nonwoven Fabric Production

Saowaluk Boonyod,Weraporn Pivsa-Art,Sommai Pivsa-Art 한국섬유공학회 2022 Fibers and polymers Vol.23 No.6

In the light of marine microplastic pollution and mounting environmental degradation, this research proposesbiodegradable poly(lactic acid) (PLA) nonwoven fabric produced by novel melt jet spinning technology under variousprocess conditions. In the study, the die temperature was varied at 210, 230, and 250 °C and the die-to-collector distance wasvaried between 30, 60, 90, and 120 cm. The performance metrics included fiber diameter, fiber crystallinity, fabric weight, airpermeability, and contact angle. The results revealed that the optimal die temperature was 250 °C. At 250 °C, the fibers wereof fine size with high crystallinity, independent of collector distances. Specifically, the die-to-collector distance, given theoptimal die temperature, had negligible effect on the fiber diameter and crystallinity. On the other hand, the collector distanceplayed a role in the nonwoven fabric characteristics. The collector distance was positively correlated with the elongation atbreak and air permeability but inversely correlated with the fabric density and tensile strength. The fabric contact angles werefound to be in the range of 124-130 °, indicating the hydrophobicity of PLA nonwoven fabric. Essentially, the novelty of thisresearch lies in the use of biodegradable PLA polymers, as opposed to conventional petroleum-based non-biodegradablepolymers; and melt jet spinning technology to realize fine microfibers (1-10 μm).

PVA 직물의 방염 개질에 관한 연구: POCl₃로 개질한 PVA 직물의 열적 및 기계적 특성

김창섭 ( Chang-sup Kim ),이원철 ( Won-chul Lee ),강병윤 ( Byong-yun Kang ),심상연 ( Sang-yeon Shim ),임권택 ( Kwon Teak Lim ),진성호 ( Sung-ho Jin ),제갈영순 ( Yeong-soon Gal ) 한국화상학회 2017 한국화상학회지 Vol.23 No.3

PVA 부직포의 방염성을 향상시키기 위하여 POCl₃로 방염처리하였다. POCl₃로 처리한 PVA 부직포의 물리적 및 열적 특성을 측정하고 분석하였다. 개질한 PVA 부직포는 대부분 물에 용해하지 않았으나 수축과 스웰링 특성을 보였다. POCl₃로 방염처리한 PVA 부직포의 열적 특성이 우수하고 방염특성이 원시료 보다 많이 우수한 것을 확인하였다. 그라프트 비와 염색성 사이의 선형관계는 PVA 부직포의 히드록시기와 POCl₃가 공유결합으로 연결된 것에 기인하는 것으로 분석되었다. The nonwoven poly(vinyl alcohol) [PVA] fabric was modified by treating with phosporyl chloride (POCl₃). The physical and thermal properties of POCl₃-modified PVA fabrics were measured and discussed. The modified PVA fabrics were mostly insoluble in water, unlike the original PVA fabrics. However the products showed contraction and swelling properties. TGA analysis results indicated that the POCl₃-modified PVA fabrics are more thermally stable at more high temperature region. And the fire-proofing ability of the POCl₃-modified PVA product is better than that of original PVA material. The linear correlation between graft ratios and dyeing ability may be resulted from increase of covalently bonded linkages between hydroxyl groups of orginal PVA fabrics with POCl₃.

부직포 및 알루미늄 적층이 소방용 방열복의 방열 방화 성능에 미치는 영향

김영수(Young-Soo Kim),박평규(Pyoung-Kyu Park),박용환(Yong-Hwan Park) 한국위험물학회 2014 한국위험물학회지 Vol.2 No.2

Protective clothing with heat and flame resistance for fire fighting is typically heavy, thick and bulky. High density woven fabrics of spunlace nonwoven and needle punching nonwoven were tested respectively to increase comfort and light-weight. The fabrics of single and dual mirror aluminized film were also tested for heat radiation protection, showing that better performance for double mirror fabric rather than single mirror fabric when exposed to medium density heat flux environment. Thicker fabric with needle punching nonwoven showed better thermal protective performance than that with spunlace nonwoven. Single or dual mirror aluminized film layer had little effect on TPP, however, had significant effect on HTI due to the high reflectance in IR region.