Policy research and energy structure optimization under the constraint of low carbon emissions of Hebei Province in China

Wei Sun,Minquan Ye,Yanfeng Xu 대한환경공학회 2016 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.21 No.4

As a major energy consumption province, the issue about the carbon emissions in Hebei Province, China has been concerned by the government. The carbon emissions can be effectively reduced due to a more rational energy consumption structure. Thus, in this paper the constraint of low carbon emissions is considered as a foundation and four energies--coal, petroleum, natural gas and electricity including wind power, nuclear power and hydro-power etc are selected as the main analysis objects of the adjustment of energy structure. This paper takes energy cost minimum and carbon trading cost minimum as the objective functions based on the economic growth, energy saving and emission reduction targets and constructs an optimization model of energy consumption structure. And empirical research about energy consumption structure optimization in 2015 and 2020 is carried out based on the energy consumption data in Hebei Province, China during the period 1995-2013, which indicates that the energy consumption in Hebei dominated by coal cannot be replaced in the next seven years, from 2014 to 2020, when the coal consumption proportion is still up to 85.93%. Finally, the corresponding policy suggestions are put forward, according to the results of the energy structure optimization in Hebei Province.

재생에너지 출력제한 최소화 에너지 믹스 및 저감 방안

이창우(Chang-Woo Lee),김영환(Yeong-Hwan Kim),김세호(Se-Ho Kim) 한국조명·전기설비학회 2019 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.33 No.12

The renewable energy resources have been attracting public attention because of environment problems like global warming effect. Although the renewable energy has been constructed rapidly over the world. This uncontrolled power sources can cause a problem of grid stability such as unbalance situation between electricity supplement and demand load. Especially, variability of renewable energy can negatively affect to power system network and increasing penetration of renewable energy causes penetration limit of renewable energy. The grid operator has curtailed that to maintain stable grid conditions. From this view point, this thesis was analyzed for wind and solar power generation comparing with power load to minimize the limitation of grid connection clean energy. The thesis presents curtailed renewable energy depend on the ratio between wind and solar power generation. In addition, the application of energy storage system devices was also considered to maximize the use of renewable energy.

배터리로 구동되는 이동 로봇의 에너지 소모 최소화를 위한 3-구간 속도 제어

김병국,김종희,Kim Byung-Kook,Kim Chong-Hui 제어로봇시스템학회 2006 제어·로봇·시스템학회 논문지 Vol.12 No.3

Energy of wheeled mobile robot is usually supplied by batteries. In order to extend operation time of mobile robots, it is necessary to minimize the energy consumption. The energy is dissipated mostly in the motors, which strongly depends on the velocity profile. This paper investigates various 3-step (acceleration - cruise - deceleration) speed control methods to minimize a new energy object function which considers the practical energy consumption dissipated in motors related to motor control input, velocity profile, and motor dynamics. We performed an analysis on the energy consumption various velocity profile patterns generated by standard control input such as step input, ramp input, parabolic input, and exponential input. Based on these standard control inputs, we analyzed the six 3-step velocity profile patterns: E-C-E, P-C-P, R-C-R, S-C-S, R-C-S, and S-C-R (S means a step control input, R means a ramp control input, P means a parabolic control input, and E means an exponential control input, C means a constant cruise velocity), and suggested an efficient iterative search algorithm with binary search which can find the numerical solution quickly. We performed various computer simulations to show the performance of the energy-optimal 3-step speed control in comparison with a conventional 3-step speed control with a reasonable constant acceleration as a benchmark. Simulation results show that the E-C-E is the most energy efficient 3-step velocity profile pattern, which enables wheeled mobile robot to extend working time up to 50%.

Energy-efficient Positioning of Cluster Heads in Wireless Sensor Networks

손석원,한광록 한국전기전자학회 2009 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.13 No.1

As one of the most important requirements for wireless sensor networks, prolonging network lifetime can be realized by minimizing energy consumption in cluster heads as well as sensor nodes. While most of the previous researches have focused on the energy of sensor nodes, we devote our attention to cluster heads because they are most dominant source of power consumption in the cluster-based sensor networks. Therefore, we seek to minimize energy consumption by minimizing the maximum(MINMAX) energy dissipation at each cluster heads. This work requires energy-efficient clustering of the sensor nodes while satisfying given energy constraints. In this paper, we present a constraint satisfaction modeling of cluster-based routing in a heterogeneous sensor networks because mixed integer programming cannot provide solutions to this MINMAX problem. Computational experiments show that substantial energy savings can be obtained with the MINMAX algorithm in comparison with a minimum total energy(MTE) strategy.

평면 형상 변형의 시각적 품질 향상을 위한 개선된 형상 변형 에너지

유광석(Kwangseok Yoo),최정주(Jung-Ju Choi) 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회 2012 컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지 Vol.18 No.4

본 논문에서는 평면 형상에 대해 국소적 형태를 보존하는 형상 변형 기법의 시각적 품질을 향상시키기 위한 개선된 형상 변형 에너지를 제안한다. 형상 변형 에너지는 대개 형상의윤곽선 변형 품질을유지하기 위해 라플라시안 좌표, 형상 내부의 변형 품질을유지하기 위한 평균값 좌표와 간선 길이 제한조건, 사용자 지정정점의위치 제한조건 등으로 구성된다. 형상 변형 기법은 사용자 지정정점의위치가 변화할 때, 정의된 형상 변형 에너지의 변화를 최소화하는 비선형 최소자승 최적화 기법을 사용하여 다른 모든 정점의위치를 계산할 수 있다. 그러나, 사용자 지정정점의위치가 빠르게 변화하면, 형상의 라플라시안 벡터의 크기와 간선의 방향에 큰 변화가 발생하여 변형 결과의 시각적 품질이 급격히 감소하는 현상이 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 라플라시안 벡터의 크기와 간선의 방향 변화를 제한할 수 있는 새로운 제한 조건을 사용한 개선된 형상 변형 에너지를 제시한다. 개선된 변형 에너지는 최적화 수행 시간이 근소하게 증가하지만, 형상의윤곽과 내부에서 변형 오차를 크게 줄일 수 있어 시각적으로 우수한 변형 결과를 얻을 수 있다. We present improved deformation energy to enhance the visual quality of a shape deformation technique, where we preserve the local structure of an input planar shape. The deformation energy, in general, consists of several constraints such as Laplacian coordinate constraint to preserve the quality of deformed silhouette edges, mean value coordinates and edge length constraints to preserve the quality of deformed internal shape, and user-specified position constraints to control the shape deformation. When the positions of user-specified vertices change, shape deformation techniques compute the positions of the other vertices by means of nonlinear least squares optimization to minimize the deformation energy. When a user-specified vertex changes its position rapidly, it is frequently observed that the visual quality of the deformed shape decrease rapidly, which is mainly caused by unnecessary enlargement of the Laplacian vectors and unnecessary change of the edge directions along the boundary of the shape. In this paper, we propose improved deformation energy by prohibiting the Laplacian and edge length constraints from changing unnecessarily. The proposed deformation energy incorporated with well-known optimization technique can enhance the visual quality of shape deformation along the silhouette and within the interior of the planar shape while sacrificing only a little execution time.

Energy-efficient Positioning of Cluster Heads in Wireless Sensor Networks

Sohn, Surg-Won,Han, Kwang-Rok Institute of Korean Electrical and Electronics Eng 2009 전기전자학회논문지 Vol.13 No.1

As one of the most important requirements for wireless sensor networks, prolonging network lifetime can be realized by minimizing energy consumption in cluster heads as well as sensor nodes. While most of the previous researches have focused on the energy of sensor nodes, we devote our attention to cluster heads because they are most dominant source of power consumption in the cluster-based sensor networks. Therefore, we seek to minimize energy consumption by minimizing the maximum(MINMAX) energy dissipation at each cluster heads. This work requires energy-efficient clustering of the sensor nodes while satisfying given energy constraints. In this paper, we present a constraint satisfaction modeling of cluster-based routing in a heterogeneous sensor networks because mixed integer programming cannot provide solutions to this MINMAX problem. Computational experiments show that substantial energy savings can be obtained with the MINMAX algorithm in comparison with a minimum total energy(MTE) strategy.

A General Framework for the Optimization of Energy Harvesting Communication Systems with Battery Imperfections

Bertrand Devillers,Deniz Gündüz 한국통신학회 2012 Journal of communications and networks Vol.14 No.2

Energy harvesting has emerged as a powerful technology for complementing current battery-powered communication systems in order to extend their lifetime. In this paper a general framework is introduced for the optimization of communication systems in which the transmitter is able to harvest energy from its environment. Assuming that the energy arrival process is known non-causally at the transmitter, the structure of the optimal transmission scheme, which maximizes the amount of transmitted data by a given deadline, is identified. Our framework includes models with continuous energy arrival as well as battery constraints. A battery that suffers from energy leakage is studied further, and the optimal transmission scheme is characterized for a constant leakage rate.

A General Framework for the Optimization of Energy Harvesting Communication Systems with Battery Imperfections

Devillers, Bertrand,Gunduz, Deniz The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2012 Journal of communications and networks Vol.14 No.2

Energy harvesting has emerged as a powerful technology for complementing current battery-powered communication systems in order to extend their lifetime. In this paper a general framework is introduced for the optimization of communication systems in which the transmitter is able to harvest energy from its environment. Assuming that the energy arrival process is known non-causally at the transmitter, the structure of the optimal transmission scheme, which maximizes the amount of transmitted data by a given deadline, is identified. Our framework includes models with continuous energy arrival as well as battery constraints. A battery that suffers from energy leakage is studied further, and the optimal transmission scheme is characterized for a constant leakage rate.

Energy-Efficient Scheduling with Individual Packet Delay Constraints and Non-Ideal Circuit Power

Yinghao, Jin,Jie, Xu,Ling, Qiu The Korea Institute of Information and Commucation 2014 Journal of communications and networks Vol.16 No.1

Exploiting the energy-delay tradeoff for energy saving is critical for developing green wireless communication systems. In this paper, we investigate the delay-constrained energy-efficient packet transmission. We aim to minimize the energy consumption of multiple randomly arrived packets in an additive white Gaussian noise channel subject to individual packet delay constraints, by taking into account the practical on-off circuit power consumption at the transmitter. First, we consider the offline case, by assuming that the full packet arrival information is known a priori at the transmitter, and formulate the energy minimization problem as a non-convex optimization problem. By exploiting the specific problem structure, we propose an efficient scheduling algorithm to obtain the globally optimal solution. It is shown that the optimal solution consists of two types of scheduling intervals, namely "selected-off" and "always-on" intervals, which correspond to bits-per-joule energy efficiency maximization and "lazy scheduling" rate allocation, respectively. Next, we consider the practical online case where only causal packet arrival information is available. Inspired by the optimal offline solution, we propose a new online scheme. It is shown by simulations that the proposed online scheme has a comparable performance with the optimal offline one and outperforms the design without considering on-off circuit power as well as the other heuristically designed online schemes.

두 부문 개방경제모형하에서 인플레이션과 에너지가격상승의 효과 분석

박기현 ( Ki Hyun Park ) 한국국제경제학회 2012 국제경제연구 Vol.18 No.3

본 논문은 두 부문 개방경제모형하에서 에너지가격상승과 인플레이션의 거시경제파급효과를 분석하였다. 가계는 완전 비탄력적인 노동을 공급하며 교역재와 비교역재를 소비한다. 기업은 노동, 자본, 에너지를 이용하여 두 재화를 생산하지만 생산요소인 에너지를 구매하기 위해서 현금을 선지급해야 한다. 생산요소는 부문간 이동이 자유롭다고 가정하였고, 개방경제하에 이자율과 에너지가격은 시장에서 외생적으로 주어진다. 이러한 구조 하에서 에너지가격의 상승 또는 인플레이션은 두 부문의 자본집약도와 에너지집약도를 감소시킨다. 또한 이러한 외생적 충격은 자본스톡을 감소시키고 경상수지를 증가시킨다. 즉 에너지가격의 상승으로 경제 내 자본스톡은 감소하고 국제채권은 늘어나는 포트폴리오의 변화가 발생한다. 에너지가격과 물가상승은 비대칭적으로 비교역부문 보다 교역부문에 미치는 영향이 더 크고 전체(overall)보다 부문(sector)에 미치는 영향이 더욱 크다는 사실을 밝혔다. In a two-sector framework, this study examines the effects of energy prices and domestic inflation in a small open economy. In this economy households consume both tradable and nontradable goods with inelastic labor supply. Firms produce both goods with inputs such as labor, capital and energy. Firms also need cash in advance for purchases of energy. Inputs are mobile across sectors and capital is perfectly mobility internationally. The small economy takes a world interest rate and the unit price of energy as given exogenously. Under this setup, the increase in energy prices or higher domestic inflation lowers capital and energy intensity in both sectors. Labor moves from traded to nontraded sector. The economy experiences a current account surplus along with a fall in capital stock.