Endemic and sub-endemic water beetles of Mongolia and their distribution ranges

Enkhnasan, Davaadorj,Boldgiv, Bazartseren The National Institute of Biological Resources 2019 Journal of species research Vol.8 No.4

The aim of this study was to compile a species list of endemic water beetles of Mongolia and determine their distribution patterns. A total of 1,179 individuals of endemic water beetles were collected from nine different sub-basins (123 sample points) throughout the country. Currently, 21 endemic and sub-endemic species have been recorded in Mongolia. Eight of these species were strictly endemic. The endemic and sub-endemic species were found only among four families: Dytiscidae (10 out 99 spp.), Gyrinidae (1 out 7 spp.), Helophoridae (5 out 16 spp.), and Hydraenidae (5 out 13 spp.). The rate of endemism was higher in Hydraenidae than other families (38.4%). Endemic beetle fauna was most similar between the Onon and Kherlen River Basins (80%). Helophorus parajacutus Angus, 1970 was common in five sub-basins, but Agabus kaszabi $Gu{\acute{e}}orguiev$, 1972, Gyrinus sugunurensis Nilsson, 2001 and Ochthebius mongolicus Janssens, 1967 were recorded from only one sub-basin. In terms of sub-endemic species, Mongolia was mostly similar to the fauna of Eastern Siberia, Russia (73.7%) than other neighboring regions. Due to Mongolia's vast territory and different natural zones, endemism was exceptionally low (12.4%), but these data provide baseline information of endemic and rare species for their further conservation.

Endemic and sub-endemic water beetles of Mongolia and their distribution ranges

Davaadorj Enkhnasan,Bazartseren Boldgiv 국립생물자원관 2019 Journal of species research Vol.8 No.4

The aim of this study was to compile a species list of endemic water beetles of Mongolia and determine their distribution patterns. A total of 1,179 individuals of endemic water beetles were collected from nine different sub-basins (123 sample points) throughout the country. Currently, 21 endemic and sub-endemic species have been recorded in Mongolia. Eight of these species were strictly endemic. The endemic and sub-endemic species were found only among four families: Dytiscidae (10 out 99 spp.), Gyrinidae (1 out 7 spp.), Helophoridae (5 out 16 spp.), and Hydraenidae (5 out 13 spp.). The rate of endemism was higher in Hydraenidae than other families (38.4%). Endemic beetle fauna was most similar between the Onon and Kherlen River Basins (80%). Helophorus parajacutus Angus, 1970 was common in five sub-basins, but Agabus kaszabi Guéorguiev, 1972, Gyrinus sugunurensis Nilsson, 2001 and Ochthebius mongolicus Janssens, 1967 were recorded from only one sub-basin. In terms of sub-endemic species, Mongolia was mostly similar to the fauna of Eastern Siberia, Russia (73.7%) than other neighboring regions. Due to Mongolia’s vast territory and different natural zones, endemism was exceptionally low (12.4%), but these data provide baseline information of endemic and rare species for their further conservation.

어촌 심언광 시에 형상화된 관동의 풍토성

박영주 ( Park Young-ju ) 한국시가문화학회(구 한국고시가문화학회) 2018 한국시가문화연구 Vol.0 No.41

본고는 16세기 전반을 대표하는 시인 가운데 한 사람인 어촌 심언광의 한시에 투영된 관동의 풍토성을, 산수풍경을 노래한 시편들과 생활풍정을 노래한 시편들로 나누어 그 특징적 면모를 고찰한 것이다. ‘풍토성’은 지역 특유의 자연지리적 요소에 사람살이의 여건과 결부된 인문지리적 요소가 복합된 특성을 말한다. 관동의 산수풍경을 노래한 어촌의 시편들에는 향토의 지리적 특성과 산수를 구성하는 물상들로부터 촉발된 정취가 다채롭게 형상화되어 있다. 관동의 생활풍정을 노래한 시편들에는 지역 특유의 지리적 여건과 생업을 구성하는 요소들을 배경으로, 그곳에 깃을 드리우고 사는 이들의 삶의 애환이 어촌의 심경을 대변하는 정서와 더불어 개성적으로 형상화되어 있다. 이와 같은 시편들이 환기하는 섬세한 이미지와 감각적 형상들로부터 곡진함이 묻어나며, 이로부터 어촌 시의 대표적 풍격으로 일컬을 수 있는 健富麗의 경향 또한 실감할 수 있다. 문학 작품에 형상화된 풍토성 탐구 작업을 통해 우리는 지역 특유의 자연환경과 삶의 여건에 기반한 문학적 정서를 이해하는 안목을 넓힐 수 있으며, 지역의 문화적 특성 및 장소성에 대한 이해를 심화시킬 수 있다. 그리하여 지역 고유의 문화적 자산을 토대로 이루어지는 향토문화 창달에 기초적이면서도 실질적인 요소를 제공할 수 있다. This paper examined the endemism of Gwandong embodied in the Chinese poems of Eochon Shim Eon-Gwang. Eochon is one of the poets who represent the first half of the 16th century in the history of Korean literature. In the poems of Eochon that sang the nature of Gwandong, the emotions triggered by the geographical characteristics of the rural areas and the natural objects are embodied through the mediation by the endemism. In the poems that sang the life of the Gwandong people, the elements that constitute the works for living and the joys and sorrows of life are also embodied through the mediation by the endemism. Endemism is the key to the formation of local identity in that it characterizes the natural environments and living conditions of the relevant area. Therefore, we can deepen our understanding of the emotions based on the local natural environment, the placeness as a place of life, and the cultural characteristics of the area by exploring the endemism embodied in literary works.

지표식물에 의한 수원시 녹지환경의 고유성 평가에 관한 연구

김태욱 서울大學校農業生命科學大學附屬樹木園 1993 서울大學校 樹木園 硏究報告 Vol.- No.13

This study was carried out to obtain some fundamental informations for creation of a desirable green environment composed of endemic woody plants in Suwon city, Kyounggi-do, Korea by investigation of current status of landscape resources and assessment of their endemism. Investigated cites were largely divided into five regions, of which residential areas, park areas, educational facility areas, governmental office areas, and street areas. Survey on habits, quantity, planting properties and kinds of woody plants planted within this regions were accomplished. Three items for assessment such as nativeness, adaptability to urban environments, the scenic beauty of wooly plants planted were established. And baesd on these items, endemic ranks about investigated plants were assessed. Results obtained were as follows: 1. A total of 164 kinds and 19,089 individual trees of woody plants were grown within investigated regions. The first class among them showed less than 20% of total occupation, but exotic plants introduced amounted to 40%. 2. About 10 species of higher ranks occupied more than 50% of individual trees or 37 species done their 90%, which indicates that woody plants were skew planted. 3. Endemism level of Suwon city based on assessment items marked 44 point,, and showed a considerable loss of endemism and extremely low level in quality of green environment. 4. To create a desirable green environment in Suwon city, spread plantation of 120 species selected with excellant woody landscape plants is recommended and exotic plants were limited.

Phylogeography of the Korean endemic Coreoleuciscus (Cypriniformes: Gobionidae): the genetic evidence of colonization through Eurasian continent to the Korean Peninsula during Late Plio-Pleistocene

Jeon Hyung-Bae,Song Ha Youn,Suk Ho Young,Bang In-Chul 한국유전학회 2022 Genes & Genomics Vol.44 No.6

Background: Freshwater endemism is thought to have been formed through the vicariance of connected water systems or the process by which ancestral populations colonized specific areas. The Korean Peninsula is well recognized for its high level of freshwater endemism with about 40% of freshwater fish species being endemic. Objective: In this study, we attempted to reconstruct the process of speciation and phylogenetic dispersal of Coreoleuciscus species, which is endemic in the Korean Peninsula. Methods: We used fossil-calibrated divergence time estimation and ancestral distributional reconstruction to infer phylogeographic reconstruction of Coreoleuciscus based on mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidate subunit I (COI) sequences (1551 bp). Results: Our phylogeographic analysis based on a total of 626 individuals revealed that the two Coreoleuciscus species have originated from the independent colonization of different lineages in the ancestral populations, probably during the Late Plio-Pleistocene. The full-scale expansion of Coreoleuciscus populations appears to have taken place after major river structures were completed on the Korean Peninsula. We also provided evidence that the common ancestors of Coreoleuciscus was distributed in Eastern Eurasian continent and subsequently dispersed into the tip of East Asia. High genetic diversity was mainly concentrated in large drainage populations, while small populations showed an monomorphism, which could give important implications for planning the conservation and management of Coreoleuciscus. Conclusions: The phylogenetic background of the rheophilic Coreoleuciscus species can be explained by the colonizer hypothesis that the endemic freshwater fish originated from the common ancestor in continental region.

지속가능성으로 바라본 박람회 계획의 변용

백용운(Baek Young-Won) 대한건축학회 2012 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.28 No.4

A concept of ‘sustainability’ has been widely raised as a visible guideline for symbiosis with environment. The plans of World’s fair have been recently on the issue as to ‘sustainability’ too. Meanwhile, it is pointed out that, since 1990s, such a discussion seems to have transformed the World’s fair plans as it is regulated as a kind of code of conduct beyond a simple narrative. However, as has been proved, even before 1990s when there was no appearance of the concept of ‘sustainability’ World’s fair were held in accord with the concept of symbiosis with environment (= permanent use of World’s fair hall or divert use with other facilities that do not damage global environment etc: I called them endemism in this study.). As such, although the practical use of the World’s fair hall before and after the World’s fair must be at large interpreted in accordance with the concept of ‘sustainability’, very little studies have been made in dealing with such matters systematically from the 1st London World’s fair on. Accordingly, this study intends to interpret the transformation of utilization plan of the World’s fair halls since the 1st London World’s fair from the perspective of ‘sustainability.’ and endemism.

Ethnobotanical importance of the endemic taxa in the Egyptian flora

El-Khalafy Mohamed Mahmoud,Ahmed Dalia Abd El-Azeem,Shaltout Kamal Hussein,Haroun Soliman Abdelfattah,Al-Sodany Yassin Mohamed 한국생태학회 2023 Journal of Ecology and Environment Vol.47 No.3

Background: Endemic species are important components in the flora of most world regions. Most of these species have become threatened and exposed to extinction within the last few years. The present study aims to evaluate the ecosystem services offered by the endemic plant taxa in Egypt and the threats that affect them. Twenty-five field visits were conducted during summer 2018 to spring 2022 to several locations all over Egypt. In each location, the main habitats, national distribution, abundance, goods and threats were recorded. Results: Egypt has 41 endemic taxa belonging to 36 genera and 20 families inhabiting 10 main habitats. Rocky surfaces and sandy formations have the highest number of endemic species. The relation between the number of endemic taxa and the abundance categories indicated that 2 taxa are rare (4.9% of the total taxa), while the remaining were very rare (95%). The most represented offered good was the medicinal uses (32 taxa = 78%), while fuel plants were only represented by 2 taxa (2 taxa = 4.9%). Besides, 14 taxa (34.1% of the total studied taxa) have at least 1 environmental service. Soil fertility (7 taxa = 50%) was the most represented, followed by sand accumulations (6 taxa out of 14 taxa = 43%), while shading plant was the least (1 taxon = 7.1%) (Rosa arabica). The most represented threat is over-cutting and over-collecting (38 taxa = 92.7%), while mining and quarrying is the least represented (4 taxa = 9.8%). Conclusions: The potential and actual goods, services and threats of the endemic taxa were assessed as follows; field observation, information collected from local inhabitants and herbalists, and a literature review. The present study recommended planning a strategy about the importance, threats and conservation of endemic taxa in Egypt that would help in the protection and rescue of these plants and increase awareness about the importance of these plants.

Mapping and analyzing the distribution of the species in the genus Tulipa (Liliaceae) in the Ferghana Valley of Central Asia

Davron DEKHKONOV,Komiljon Sh. TOJIBAEV,Dilmurod MAKHMUDJANOV,나누리,Shukherdorj Baasanmunkh,Ziyoviddin YUSUPOV,최혁재,장창기 한국식물분류학회 2021 식물 분류학회지 Vol.51 No.3

Tulips are bulbous geophytes that have considerable commercial value worldwide. This genus primarily originated in the Tien Shan and Pamir-Alai mountain ranges, which surround the Ferghana Valley. The Ferghana Valley is home to five sections of the genus Tulipa L, represented by 23 taxa (22 species). However, there is a lack of detailed information about the distribution of Tulipa species in the natural geographic area of the Ferghana Valley. Therefore, to address this knowledge gap, we comprehensively investigated the spatial distribution of all Tulipa species in the valley. To assess the spatial distribution, the entire area was divided into 32 squares consisting of four latitudinal and eight longitudinal zones. The results showed that latitudinal zones B and C with 15 and 13 taxa, respectively, along with five longitudinal zones (A5, B3, B4, C2, and C3) with 5 to 10 taxa were hotspots for this genus. Additionally, the spatial distributions of the species in terms of the corresponding state borders, mountain ranges, endemism, and conservation issues were assessed. The findings of this study provide comprehensive information about the distribution of Tulipa species to assist with conservation initiatives ultimately to ensure the survival of various species.

Complex phylogeographic patterns in the freshwater alga <i>Synura</i> provide new insights into ubiquity vs. endemism in microbial eukaryotes

BOO, SUNG MIN,KIM, HAN SOON,SHIN, WOONGGHI,BOO, GA HUN,CHO, SUNG MI,JO, BOK YEON,KIM, JEE-HWAN,KIM, JIN HEE,YANG, EUN CHAN,SIVER, PETER A.,WOLFE, ALEXANDER P.,BHATTACHARYA, DEBASHISH,ANDERSEN, ROBERT Blackwell Publishing Ltd 2010 Molecular ecology Vol.19 No.19

<P>Abstract</P><P>The global distribution, abundance, and diversity of microscopic freshwater algae demonstrate an ability to overcome significant barriers such as dry land and oceans by exploiting a range of biotic and abiotic colonization vectors. If these vectors are considered unlimited and colonization occurs in proportion to population size, then globally ubiquitous distributions are predicted to arise. This model contrasts with observations that many freshwater microalgal taxa possess true biogeographies. Here, using a concatenated multigene data set, we study the phylogeography of the freshwater heterokont alga <I>Synura petersenii sensu lato</I>. Our results suggest that this <I>Synura</I> morphotaxon contains both cosmopolitan and regionally endemic cryptic species, co-occurring in some cases, and masked by a common ultrastructural morphology. Phylogenies based on both proteins (seven protein-coding plastid and mitochondrial genes) and DNA (nine genes including ITS and 18S rDNA) reveal pronounced biogeographic delineations within phylotypes of this cryptic species complex while retaining one clade that is globally distributed. Relaxed molecular clock calculations, constrained by fossil records, suggest that the genus <I>Synura</I> is considerably older than currently proposed. The availability of tectonically relevant geological time (10<SUP>7</SUP>–10<SUP>8</SUP> years) has enabled the development of the observed, complex biogeographic patterns. Our comprehensive analysis of freshwater algal biogeography suggests that neither ubiquity nor endemism wholly explains global patterns of microbial eukaryote distribution and that processes of dispersal remain poorly understood.</P>

Some Free-living Heterotrophic Flagellates from Marine Sediments of Inchon and Ganghwa Island, Korea

Lee, Won-Je The Korean Society for Integrative Biology 2002 Korean journal of biological sciences Vol.6 No.2

Heterotrophic flagellates occurring in the marine sediments of Inchon and Ganghwa Island are reported. Fifty-six species from 38 genera were encountered in this survey and two new taxa were recorded: Cyranomonas australis sp. nov. and Gweamonas unicus sp. nov. There was little evidence for endemism because all flagellates including the two new taxa described here have been found from other habitats in Australia which are geographically remote from Korea. This study supports the model that free-living heterotrophic flagellates have a world-wide distribution.