열 환경 분석을 위한 드론 열적외선 영상의 활용 -충청남도 천안시 삼거리공원을 대상으로-

이성호,장동호 건국대학교 기후연구소 2021 기후연구 Vol.16 No.2

In this study, an analysis were conducted to utilize the thermal infrared image using drone to present the temperature correction method of thermal infrared image and the thermal environment by the type of land cladding. The analysis was applied to the temperature correction of the thermal infrared image and total eight thermal infrared images were produced based on the land surface temperature. The thermal infrared image compared accuracy through RMSE calculation. Based on the result of RMSE, the thermal infrared image corrected by the land surface temperature was relatively accurate and contained at 2.26 to 3.58. According to the results, it is expected that the aggregation and waters will perform the functions of the green park sufficiently to improve the thermal comfort and improve the microclimate stability using the thermal infrared image and the reclassified land cover map. The results of this study obtained by Drone and the usability of the drone thermal infrared image in the detection of the thermal environment. Finally, it is expected to contribute to the improvement and management of the thermal environment in the city by being used as a basic data for the improvement and management policy of the thermal environment. Moreover, the macro view is expected to contribute to the mitigation of urban temperature reduction and heat island.

NUMERICAL PROJECTION ON OCCUPANT THERMAL COMFORT VIA DYNAMIC RESPONSES TO HUMAN THERMOREGULATION

Weijian Li,Jiqing Chen,Fengchong Lan,Xijiao Zheng,Wenbo Zeng 한국자동차공학회 2022 International journal of automotive technology Vol.23 No.1

With the different physiological properties and thermal conditions, different body parts of passengers have inconsistent thermal sensations and thermal requirements in a highly non-uniform and transient vehicle cabin thermal environment. Determining the thermal comfort requirements for different body parts of a passenger is essential for effectively supplying warm air to the right human part especially for electric vehicles with energy-saving attributes. In this paper, a comprehensive numerical model that integrates human thermal regulation mechanism and dynamic environmental characteristics is established to calculate the thermal comfort for passengers via thermal responses to a dynamic environment. The numerical computation sets up such a model structure, firstly considering human thermal regulation functions into the thermal response to the in-cabin dynamic thermal distributions, then combining Berkeley thermal comfort model to identify the thermal comfort level at different body parts, that would implement total numerical simulations to get thermal comfort evaluation, independent of human subjective feedbacks. The model is validated by experiments with an acceptable error and implemented for a cabin heating case study. The models can effectively predict the thermal comfort and thermal requirements of various body parts in a dynamic environment with human thermoregulation, as an important tool for designing a non-uniform environment.

옥외 온열환경 평가를 위한 복사 연성 CFD 해석기법의 개요

임종연(Lim Jong-Yeon),장현재(Chang Hyun-Jae),송두삼(Song Doo-sam) 한국태양에너지학회 2009 한국태양에너지학회 논문집 Vol.29 No.6

Deterioration of the outdoor thermal environment in urban areas has become worse and worse due to the urbanization and overpopulation, etc. Most of existing researches about thermal environment are focused on the indoor environment in which the radiation heat exchange is relatively constant. However, the outdoor thermal environment is changed with time passages, because the thermal environment is highly effected by solar radiation. Thus, to simulate the outdoor thermal environment with accuracy, the solar radiation calculation should be considered, and the radiation heat exchange between building surface and ground surface should be calculated. The purpose of this study is to develop the simulator that can be possible to evaluate the outdoor thermal environment and pedestrian thermal comfort. In this paper, a new method which is coupled with convective heat transfer simulation and radiative heat transfer simulation will be proposed. And the coupled simulation method will be described through case study for outdoor thermal environment. From the results of simulation, the coupled simulation proposed in this study can assess the outdoor thermal environment with accuracy.

열환경 관련 법⋅제도의 현황 및 시사점 - 공간계획을 중심으로 -

김권,엄정희 전북대학교 부설 휴양및경관계획연구소 2019 휴양및경관연구 (J East Asian Landscape Studies) Vol.13 No.2

Due to climate change and urbanization, the urban thermal environment has been getting worse every year, and government is legislating and amending laws, and institutions concerning spatial planning for improve the urban thermal environment. This study aims to analyze the current status of laws and institutions related to spatial planning for improve the urban thermal environment. For this purpose, we reviewed 1) laws, administrative rules and ordinances of local governments related to improvement of urban thermal environment, 2) analysis and evaluation tools of thermal environment, 3) climate change adaptation policies of local governments responding to heat wave events. As results, we found a lack of unity in terms concerning thermal environment, insufficient bases for introducing factor to improve thermal environment, and the need for improvement of analysis and evaluation tools and methods. This study could support improvement of laws and institutions for improvement of urban thermal environment. 전세계적으로 도시의 열환경이 해마다 악화됨에 따라, 정부는 열환경 개선을 위해서 공간계획과 관련법, 제도를 제정 및 개정하고 있다. 본 연구는 도시의 열환경을 개선시킬 수 있는 공간계획과 관련한 한국의 법 및 제도를 분석하고 시사점을 도출하는 것이 목적이다. 이를 위해, 1) 도시 열환경 개선과 관련된 한국의 법령, 행정규칙 및 자치법규, 2) 도시 열환경 분석 및 평가제도, 3) 지자체의 기후변화 적응대책 세부시행계획 중 폭염 적응 정책을 검토⋅분석하였다. 이러한 검토로부터 도출된 시사점은 공간계획 위계별 체계의 불명확, 열환경 용어의 통일성 결여, 열환경 개선 요소의 도입 근거 미흡, 단일 그린인프라 위주 장려, 열환경 평가 및 분석제도의 개선 필요 등이다. 본 연구는 도시의 열환경 개선을 위한 한국의 법⋅제도개선에 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

축소 모형 실험을 통한 흙집의 동계 열환경 및 에너지성능 평가

송승영,이현화,송설영 대한건축학회 2007 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.23 No.9

With the increase in the demand for sustainable and environment-friendly development, the preference for earth construction material increases more and more. Earth construction material is used for the house and it is known to have a low impact on the environment due to its low embedded energy consumed to make an end use product. However, there is only little data on the indoor thermal environment and end use energy performance of the modern earth house constructed with current earth construction material because the modern earth house was introduced into the Korean construction market recently. In this study, indoor thermal environment and heating energy performance of the modern earth house were evaluated through the scaled model test in the winter. The inside and outside air and surface temperatures were measured to evaluate the thermal environment. The electricity consumption for radiant floor heating was measured to evaluate the heating energy performance. In view of heating energy performance, the results show that cases 2, 4 and 5 with earth construction material are a little better than cases 1 and 3 with cement construction material. In view of indoor thermal environment, the results show that there is little difference in the cases without heating.

An indoor thermal environment design system for renovation using augmented reality

Tomohiro Fukuda,Kazuki Yokoi,Nobuyoshi Yabuki,Ali Motamedi 한국CDE학회 2019 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.6 No.2

The renovation projects of buildings and living spaces, which aim to improve the thermal environment, are gaining importance because of energy saving effects and occupants’ health considerations. However, the indoor thermal design is not usually performed in a very efficient manner by stakeholders, due to the limitations of a sequential waterfall design process model, and due to the difficulty in comprehending the CFD simulation results for stakeholders. On the other hand, indoor greenery has been introduced to build-ings as a method for adjusting the thermal condition. Creating a VR environment, which can realistically and intuitively visualize a thermal simulation model is very time consuming and the resulting VR envi-ronment created by 3D computer graphics objects is disconnected from the reality and does not allow design stakeholders to experience the feelings of the real world. Therefore, the objective of this research is to develop a new AR-based methodology for intuitively visualizing indoor thermal environment for building renovation projects. In our proposed system, easy-to-comprehend visualization of CFD results augment the real scenes to provide users with information about thermal effects of their renovation design alternatives interactively. Case studies to assess the effect of indoor greenery alternatives on the thermal environment are performed. In conclusion, integrating CFD and AR provides users with a more natural feeling of the future thermal environment. The proposed method was evaluated feasible and effective.

온열환경 쾌적감에 따른 쾌적환경 구분에 있어 물리적 환경요소들의 특성

김보성,민윤기 한국자료분석학회 2013 Journal of the Korean Data Analysis Society Vol.15 No.6

It is important to reflect the characteristics perceived by occupants for a given environment in order to shape a comfortable indoor environment. So it is needed to find out the characteristics of physical environment factors according to comfortable environment classification based on the occupants’ perceived characteristics of the environment. This study examined characteristics of physical environment factors between comfortable and uncomfortable environment classified according to the thermal comfort sensation. To do this, environment conditions were changed by the heating and cooling operations of the HVAV (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) systems. In addition, the thermal comfort sensation of occupants, physical environment factors, and PMV (predicted mean vote) were measured. As a result, both indoor temperature and relative humidity were lower in comfortable environments than in uncomfortable environments. These results suggested that relative humidity and indoor temperature may affect strongly the comfortable environment classification for occupants. 쾌적한 실내환경을 조성함에 있어서 주어진 환경에 대해 재실자가 지각한 특성을 반영하는 것은 중요하기 때문에, 재실자의 환경지각 특성에 기초하여 구분된 실내환경들 간에 물리적 환경요소들은 어떠한 특성을 보이는지를 알아볼 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구는 재실자들이 지각하는 온열환경 쾌적감에 기초하여 쾌적환경과 불쾌환경으로 구분된 두 환경조건에서의 물리적 환경요소들의 특성을 살펴보고, 어떤 요소들이 재실자 중심의 쾌적한 환경 조성에 있어 중요한지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 공조시스템을 활용하여 실내환경을 서늘하게 또는 따뜻하게 변화를 주면서, 재실자로 하여금 Tanabe(1998)가 사용한 온열환경 쾌적감 척도를 통해 온열환경 쾌적감 정도를 체크하도록 하였다. 또한 이 과정에서 물리적 환경요소들(실내온도, 상대습도, 평균복사온도, 기류속도)과 복합지표인 예상 온열감 반응(predicted mean vote; PMV)을 측정하였다. 그 결과, 불쾌환경에 비해 쾌적환경에서 실내온도와 상대습도가 통계적으로 유의미하게 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 재실자가 지각하는 온열환경 쾌적구분에 있어 상대습도 및 실내온도의 영향이 크다는 것을 시사하는 것이다.

제어방법에 따른 실내온열환경 및 에너지 성능 분석

김수연(Su Yeon Kim),송두삼(Doo Sam Song) 대한설비공학회 2017 대한설비공학회 학술발표대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.6

Indoor thermal comfort is influenced by environment factors(temperature, humidity, air velocity, radiant temperature, etc) and personal factors(genders, age, clothing, metabolic rate). Set-point temperature control which is widely applied in indoor thermal environmental control uses dry-bulb temperature as a control variable because of its simple and convenience. But this simple method which is not consider other environment factors like humidity, radiant temperature and air velocity can arouse thermal discomfort and energy over-usage. Many researchers proposed the thermal comfort index such as PMV, ET*, SET*, Adaptive model, ASHRAE Comfort Chart and so on. However, these indices are rarely used as a control logic of indoor thermal environment. In this paper, the thermal environment and energy performance of the control logic in school building will be analyzed by simulation method. The results showed that the energy saving effect of Operative temperature control mode is the most effective, while Wet-bulb temperature mode is the best control method in terms of thermal comfort among the analyzed control logic in school buildings.

공동주택의 냉방시 실내온열환경 평가 연구

김난행,안병욱 한국주거학회 2003 한국주거학회 논문집 Vol.14 No.3

It is not sufficient to control the indoor thermal environment using only one or two parameters by itself as human response for the control of indoor thermal environment. So a proper environmental thermal index is required for the control of indoor thermal environment effectively. In this study, the physical environment was measured and analysed and the skin temperature of the subjects and their response were investigated to evaluate the optimum thermal comfort range for cooling season in an apartment house. As a result, the optimal temperature was 26.1$^{\circ}C$ and the temperature ranges which more than 80% responded as satisfactory were 24.1~28.$0^{\circ}C$, respectively. As the OT had most significant interrelation with the PMV, it is desirable to use the OT in evaluating the thermal environment during cooling. Also, the comfort range was concluded between OT 25.5~27.3$^{\circ}C$ by appointing the PMV of -0.5~0.5 as the optimum comfort condition. In addition, the Human responses were compared with calculated PMV, OT and MRT and the relationships are suggested in order to utilize to control indoor thermal environment.

Evaluation of thermal comfort in an office building served by a liquid desiccant-assisted evaporative cooling air-conditioning system

Cho, Hye-Jin,Jeong, Jae-Weon Elsevier 2018 Energy and buildings Vol.172 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The main purpose of this research is to evaluate the thermal-comfort environment in an office building served by a liquid-desiccant and indirect-and-direct evaporative-cooler-assisted 100% outdoor-air system (LD-IDECOAS). This research presents a method for evaluating the thermal environment via a series of energy simulations using the TRNSYS 17 program, integrated with an engineering equation-solver (EES) program. The supply air (SA) temperature is estimated according to the LD-IDECOAS seasonal operation modes proposed in previous research. The indoor-air conditions are estimated under the assumption that the relative humidity of room air was maintained at the set values by auxiliary humidification systems. Then, the predicted mean vote (PMV) values are estimated using the given indoor environment conditions. In this paper, the indoor-air conditions and PMV values for each LD-IDECOAS operation mode are represented. A detailed analysis of the impact of the indoor-air conditions on the PMV is provided in this paper. Furthermore, the simulation results for LD-IDECOAS were compared with those for a conventional variable-air-volume (VAV) system to evaluate the thermal environment in a building served by LD-IDECOAS. The PMV values with LD-IDECOAS showed that the thermal environment in a conditioned space is generally in compliance with ASHRAE Standard 55. Consequently, it is concluded that using LD-IDECOAS in an office building can produce energy savings with an acceptable level of thermal comfort.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The building thermal performance was simulated to evaluate the thermal comfort in an office building served by LD-IDECOAS. </LI> <LI> A PMV method was adopted and the thermal comfort was evaluated by the TRNSYS 17 and EES programs. </LI> <LI> The LD-IDECOAS PMV variation trend was found to be similar to that of the VAV system, and most of the PMV values were in compliance with the recommended PMV range. </LI> <LI> According to the results, LD-IDECOAS could provide satisfactory thermal comfort for occupants in the Korean climate. </LI> </UL> </P>