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최형국 중앙대학교 중앙사학연구소 2017 중앙사론 Vol.0 No.45
In this paper, the change of the capital city castle defense system by the process of Musin(戊申)-Revolt is examined, along with the unification of the military power for royal authority reinforcement by King Yeongjo and the decentralization issue, which involved a change in the military strategy book. Specifically, in the process of the Musin(戊申)-Revolt, the background of the enforcement of cavalrymen in connection with the city wall defense system was investigated in depth by analyzing the form of the royal forces’ organization for suppressing rebellion and the form of the strategy used at the time. The publishing of the military book is examined, which involved an interrelationship between the royal forces and Ouije(五衛制), the military system that was formerly part of the Joseon Dynasty. For example, in the change of the defense system for the capital city castle Samgunmun(三軍門), the evidence suggests that the transformation led to the establishment of the Yonghoyoung(龍虎營), which was the palace guard for confronting rebellion. Additionally, whether the strong military takeover by Ouije(五衛制) had an effect on the change of the military training in the King Yeongjo period is analyzed with respect to the republishing of 『Jinbup(陣法), 『Byeongjangdosul(兵將圖說), and 『Sogbyeongjangdosul (續兵將圖說). The findings suggest that the settlement of the restoration of the former period in the Joseon Ouije(五衛制) was directly connected to the reinforcement of the cavalry for King Yeongjo.
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조선후기 포도청의 야순(夜巡)활동과 야금(夜禁)정책의 변통
차인배 ( Cha In-bae ) 인하대학교 한국학연구소 2015 한국학연구 Vol.0 No.39
조선후기 한성부는 인정(밤 10시)부터 파루까지(새벽 5시)까지 야금(夜禁)이 실시되었고, 포도청(捕盜廳)·순청(巡廳)·삼군문(三軍門)은 구역을 나누어 범야자를 단속하였다. 또한 야간통제는 야금의 시간과 대상, 그리고 범야자에 대한 체포와 처벌 등에 관한 법률 규정도 마련되었다. 조선정부가 야간통제를 위해 세부적인 법률체계와 도성안팎을 아우르는 조밀한 순찰망을 구축하였음에도 불구하고 범야자(犯夜者)가 줄어들지 않았다. 범야자의 신분이 주로 권력가 또는 권력기관의 하례(下隷)가 주를 이루고 있다는 점으로 보아 통금 위반은 개인적 일탈보다는 권력적 전횡의 성격이 강했다. 또한 포도청의 관원은 상대적으로 천시되어 야금단속 과정에서 범야자에게 빈번하게 욕설·폭행·감금 등의 수모를 겪기도 하였다. 결국 숙종과 영조는 야간 치안의 안정을 위해 이러한 폐단을 개선하기 위한 정책 변통(變通)을 단행하였다. 야금정책의 변통은 규제를 새롭게 마련하기보다 기존의 법률을 현실화하는 방향으로 진행되었다. 결국 야금정책의 변통은 야금활동 과정에서 갈등을 빚었던 포도군관에 대한 보복, 물금첩(勿禁帖)의 오남용, 하례의 월권 등 법률시행을 방해하는 요인을 개선함으로써 가시적인 성과를 거둘 수 있었다. During the latter period of Joseon Dynasty, the night curfew system was implemented in Hanseongbu from 10 p.m to 5 a.m., and Podocheong, Suncheong, and Samgunmun controlled curfew violators by their quarter district. In addition, the nighttime control was arranged the time and subject, and provision of law regarding apprehension and punishment for curfew violators. The number of curfew violators did not decline even though the government established detailed legislation and a close surveillance cross over in and out of the capital city for the nighttime control. Identification of curfew violators mainly consisted of apparitor from the powerful or authorities, so that violation of the curfew was much involved in the exercise of power than an individual deviation. Government officials in Podocheong, relatively disregarded, faced humilation such as curses, attacks, confinements, etc in the crackdown of curfew. King Sukjong and Yeongjo, eventually, enforced shifts in policy to correct the abuse for public safety in the nighttime. The shifts in policy proceeded to actualize the existing legislation than impose new legal controls. Finally, the shifts in the night curfew system achieved visible results by removing obstacles of enforcement; retaliation against Podocheong officials, abuse of Mulgeumcheop, an arrogation of apparitor, and etc.
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