브론펜브레너의 생태학적 체계이론에 의거한 장애인 복지정책 및 서비스의 분석

허창덕 한국장애인재활협회 2012 재활복지 Vol.16 No.2

지난 수십년 간 법적․재정적․정책적 발전을 통해 한국사회의 장애인 복지정책은 과거에 비해 그 수준이 많이 증가하였다고 평가할 수 있으며, 이 과정에는 장애인에 대한 세계 환경의 변화와 사회의 각계각층, 특히 장애인 자신의 노력이 중요한 역할을 했다고 볼 수 있다. 그러나 거시적․권리적 측면을 강조하는 방향으로서의 장애 및 장애인정책 패러다임의 변화와 장애인의 사회통합이라는 궁극적 장애 복지정책의 방향성을 고려해 볼 때, 한국의 각종 장애인 복지서비스는 아직 그 갈 길이 멀다 할 수 있다. 이러한 맥락에서, 본 연구는 인간과 환경의 상호작용을 중요시한 브론펜브레너의 생태학적 체계이론을 적용하여 장애인 복지서비스 사업에 초점을 맞추어 현행 실시사업 모형의 네 가지 체계 속에서 분포 현황을 분석해 보았다. 그 결과 현행 한국 장애복지 서비스 사업의 대부분은 미시적 측면에 국한되고 정책적 성격 또한 시혜적․수동적․소비적 성격을 띠고 있다는 결론을 도출하였으며, 향후 한국사회의 장애 정책은 보다 확대된 방향으로서 중간․외․거시 체계적 요소들을 포함하는 정책적 방향으로 나아가야 한다는 사실과 그 성격 또한 적극적․능동적․가치창출적인 방향을 지향해야 한다는 점과 함께 그것을 위한 다양한 정책들을 제안하고 있다. Over the past decades, the welfare of the disabled people in Korea has been developed in regard to: paradigm change, modified regulations and laws, increased budget, implementing various programs, etc. Many factors influenced these achievements; disabled people's endeavor for their right and welfare were the most important factor for the achievements. Nevertheless, the current welfare policies do not seem to meet the ultimate goal of the welfare, because the current social welfare policies are based upon micro perspective of disability polices. Therefore, this study proposes to analyze the current welfare policies and services using a Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory. This theory was adopted to examine whether the welfare policies and service implementation were well developed and delivered. Bronfenbrenner's four systems: microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, and macrosystem were used as reference to identify the balance of the service delivery system. This study found that the current welfare delivery system heavily concentrated on the microsystem. Additionally this study found that the delivery system treats the recipients as passive demander and consumerists. The study strongly suggests that the welfare service should be balanced with broader ecological system such as meso, exo, and macrosystem. By examining the current welfare with Ecological systems theory, this study proposes that the policies should be the ones which invites disabled persons as active and valuable contributors to their community.

A Study on the Determinants of Fear of Crime Based on Ecological Systems Theory

Byung Gu Kang,Ji Won Jang,Sang Hyun Jo,Byung Soo Jung 위기관리 이론과 실천 2017 Crisisonomy Vol.13 No.1

이 연구의 목적은 범죄두려움에 관한 개인행동과 환경의 상호작용 및 영향력을 생태학적 체계이론을 중심으로 미시체계, 중간체계, 거시체계로 나누어 살펴보고, 그 영향요인을 일반적 범죄두려움과 구체적 범죄두려움으로 구분하여 파악하는 것이다. 연구 결과, 각 체계 안에서 구체적 범죄두려움과 일반적 범죄두려움에 영향을 미치는 요소가 다른 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 미시체계 안에서는 간접적인 범죄 피해경험이 구체적 두려움에 영향을 미치는 반면, 일반적 범죄두려움에는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 한편, 중간체계에서는 지역사회무질서가 구체적, 일반적 범죄두려움 모두에 영향을 미쳤다. 하지만 집합효율성 중 비공식통제는 구체적 범죄두려움에 영향을 미치지 않았지만 일반적 범죄두려움에는 영향을 미쳤고, 집합효율성 중 사회적 유대는 일반적 범죄두려움에 영향을 미치지 않았지만 구체적 두려움에는 영향을 미쳤다. In this paper, we explored the determinants of fear of crime by focusing on interaction between individuals and social environments surrounding them. Based on the ecological systems theory, this study found some interesting results as follows. It suggests that general fear of crime should be distinguished from specific fear of crime in both microsystem and mezzosystem. More specifically, the factors affecting general fear are not consistent with the ones affecting the specific fear, regardless of the fact that both fears are affected by individuals’ perception of crime trends in macrosystem. For example, indirect experience of crime affects specific fear of crime while it does not affect general fear of crime. Moreover, we found that informal control does affect general fear of crime but social bonding does not, while social bonding affects specific fear of crime but informal control does not.

유아의 어린이집 적응에 대한 생태학적 연구

김광웅 ( Kim Kwang-woong ),정은혜 한국유아특수교육학회 2003 유아특수교육연구 Vol.3 No.1

본 연구의 일차적인 목적은 어린이집에 다니는 만6세 이하 유아의 적응에 영향을 미치는 생태학적 요인을 알아보는 것이다. 즉, 유아의 어린이집 적응을 연구함에 있어 이에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 보다 포괄적이고 다양한 상호관계의 맥락에서 파악하기 위해 Bronfenbrenner가 제시한 생태구조에 따라 연구하였다. 따라서 본 연구는 생태학적 체계가 유아의 어린이집 적응에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 유기체, 미시체계, 중간체계, 거시체계 변인들의 상대적 영향력은 어떠한가를 살펴보았다. 또한 적응의 하위요인인 친사회성, 긍정적 정서, 또래간의 적응, 자기조절, 하루일과의 적응에 대한 유기체, 미시체계. 중간체계, 거시체계 변인들의 상대적 영향력을 알아보았다. 이에, 먼저 선행연구를 통해 유아의 어린이집 적응에 영향을 미칠 것으로 예상되는 변인을 선정하였다. 선정된 변인은 유기체변인 (성별, 연령, 기질, 최초 취원 연령), 미시체계 가정변인(형제수, 월소득, 母의 취업유무, 母의 양육태도), 미시체계 어린이집 변인(한학급의 유아수, 시설, 집과의 거리), 중간체계 변인(母의 어린이집 만족도), 거시체계 변인(교육열)이었다. This study investigates the ecological factors on children’s adjustment to preschools. This will provide fundamental data on clarifying the troubles of children who are not in adjustment and helping to overcome the obstacles. This study was established in ecological perspective for the inclusive inquiry of the factors affecting on children’s adjustment to preschools. In the first step, the variables which are expected to affect children’s adjustment to preschools were selected. They are demographic variables (genders, ages, temperament, and the age of first enterance to the preschool), microsystem domestic variables (number of children, monthly income, mothers’ employment and their attitude of bringing up children), microsystem preschool variables (number of children in a class, facilities,distance from the house), mesosystem variables (mothers’ satisfaction with the preschools), macrosystem variables (enthusiasm for the education). For this study, 206 children of 13 preschools located in Seoul and Gyounggi-do were investigated. Three separate questionnaires were used: one is for mothers, another for teachers, the last for the head of the preschool. The instruments used for this study were children’s temperament scale, attitude of bringing up scale, satisfaction with the preschool scale, interest on education scale, facilities of the preschool scale, children’s adjustment scale, and background variable. The data were analyzed by frequency, percentile, mean, standard deviation, Cronbach, correlation, hierarchical regression and multiple regression, using SAS program package. The major-findings of this study were summarized as follows: First, analyzing the effects of the demographic, microsystem, mesosystem, and macrosystem variables with the ecological access results that more female children (than male) and children who have more soothable temperament, more brothers and sisters, and mothers with limit setting attitude in bringing up them showed better adjustment to preschools. Among these, the most explanatory variable was limit setting in bringing up children variable. Second, sub-categorical studies on children’s adjustment to preschools are as follows. More female children (than male) and children who have strongly soothable and attention spanning temperament showed higher sociability. Children who have soothable temperament, more brothers and sisters, and mothers with limit setting attitude in bringing up them showed higher positive emotion. And positive emotion were affected by facilities variables. This result can be explained that the preschools with better facilities are mostly large ones and therefore children come to have relatively less opportunities of friendship and close relationship with others. More female children (than male) and children who have soothable temperament, more brothers and sisters, and mothers with limit setting attitude in bringing up them showed better adjustment to the peer groups. Children who have strongly sociable temperature and attend to the preschools with better facilities showed better self control. Self control featured being largely influenced by ecological system compared with other sub-factors, especially it was affected by the facilities variable. More female children (than male) and the children who have strongly soothable temperature and mothers with limit setting attitude in bringing up them showed better adjustment to daily task.

생태학적 변인이 출산의도에 미치는 영향 연구

배광일,김경신 한국가족관계학회 2011 한국가족관계학회지 Vol.16 No.2

This study is intended to research general trend and difference of ecological factors on married couples` intension of childbirth and to analyze the interrelation and influence between them. For the research, 600 questionnaires were distributed in the area of Gwangju and Chunnam District to the subjects of the married couples whose wife is aged from 25 to 39. Among the 600 questionnaires collected, 528 responses were valid as data and used for the final analysis. Data analysis was conducted by using SPSS 18.0 Program for WINDOW to calculate the frequency, percentage, average, standard deviation, Cronbach`s α and Pearson`s product-moment correlation coefficient, r, and t-test, one-way ANOVA, and hierarchical regression analysis were also used. To observe the intention of childbirth in an ecological approach, this study selected four factors as the variables such as Individual Organism, Microsystem(Family environment), Exosystem(Childcare environment), and Macrosystem(Value and Policy) centering on the findings of precedent studies, and then constructed each model to analyze them. The analysis showed all the variables such as Individual Organism(Age), Family Environment(Number of children), Childcare Environment(Childcare expenses and Childcare provider), and Macrosystem(Family value and Birth support policy) have an effect on the intention of childbirth. That means the intension of childbirth is affected by multi-dimensional factors in life environment. Thus, if the government expects to increase the birthrate by using a birth-support policy, it is required to analyze birthing in a complex and general ecological approach. The government should carry out other policies associated with childbirth, economic, and family policy along with the birth policy for more effective results.

국가 미래인적자원으로서 재외동포청소년 성장과 지원방안 연구Ⅱ

김경준,김정숙,이유정 한국청소년정책연구원 2019 한국청소년정책연구원 연구보고서 Vol.- No.-

이 연구는 재외동포청소년을 글로벌 코리안의 중요한 인적자원으로 성장할 수 있도록 지원하기 위한 방안을 마련하기 위한 목적으로 수행되었다. 2015년부터 대륙별로 연구가 이루어지고 있으며, 2019년도에는 오세아니아 지역을 대상으로 하고 있는데, 그중에서도 재외동포수와 한국과의 관계의 중요성 등을 고려하여 호주와 뉴질랜드 동포청소년을 대상으로 한 연구를 수행하였다. 호주 및 뉴질랜드 재외동포청소년들의 주변 환경의 영향을 체계적으로 분석하기 위하여 생태학적 체계 이론에 기초하여 연구가 수행하였다. 주요 연구방법으로 설문조사와 면담조사방법을 사용하였다. 설문조사는 생태학적 체계이론에 근거해서 미시체계, 중간체계, 외체계, 거시체계, 시간체계의 틀에 따른 조사내용을 구성하여 초 · 중 · 고 학생을 대상으로 호주와 뉴질랜드 각 국가별로 200명씩 총 400명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 면담조사의 경우에도 국가별 동포청소년의 특성과 생태체계적 환경과 관련한 내용을 조사하였는데, 호주 · 뉴질랜드 각 국가별로 청소년과 성인(전문가) 각각 10여명씩, 총 40여명을 대상으로 동포청소년 및 관련 성인(전문가)을 대상으로 하였다. 설문 및 면담조사 결과를 미시체계, 중간체계, 외체계, 거시체계 등의 분석틀에 따라 분석하고 시사점을 도출하였으며, 이를 토대로 정책과제(안)을 도출하였다. 또한 전문가 적합도 조사와 전문가 검토 등을 통하여 정책목표와 7개 정책영역별로 총 35개의 정책과제를 개발 · 제안하였다. This study aimed to determine ways to support overseas Korean youths as important human resources of Global Korean. Studies have been conducted on a continent basis since 2015, and Oceania was targeted in 2019. Considering the number of overseas Koreans and the importance of their relations with Korea, we conducted a study on young Koreans living in Australia and New Zealand. To analyze the effects of the environment surrounding the aforementioned Korean Youth, the current study was based on the ecological systems theory. Surveys and interviews were used as the main research methods. The surveys were conducted on a total of 400 primary and secondary school students (200 from each of the two countries). Survey details were organized based on the ecological systems theory according to the framework of the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, and chronosystem. Interviews focused on the characteristics of overseas Korean adolescents by country and the ecological systemic environment. A total of 40 participants were interviewed, consisting of ten overseas Korean teenagers and adults (experts) in each country. We examined the results of the surveys and interviews using the analytical framework of the microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem, macrosystem, among others, and deduced implications based on which we derived policy tasks. In addition, through expert suitability diagnostics and reviews, we developed and proposed policy objectives and a total of 35 policy tasks in seven areas.

기혼여성의 출산의도에 영향을 미치는 생태학적 요인 탐색

장희연 한국융합인문학회 2016 한국융합인문학 Vol.4 No.1