Autoignition and combustion characteristics of kerosene droplets with dilute concentrations of aluminum nanoparticles at elevated temperatures

Javed, Irfan,Baek, Seung Wook,Waheed, Khalid Elsevier 2015 Combustion and Flame Vol.162 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>In this experimental study, we investigated the effects of high ambient temperatures and dilute concentrations of nanoparticles (NPs) on the autoignition and combustion characteristics of kerosene-based nanofluid droplets. An isolated kerosene droplet containing 0.1%, 0.5% or 1.0% by weight of aluminum (Al) NPs suspended on a silicon carbide (SiC) fiber was suddenly exposed to an elevated temperature (in range 400–800°C) at atmospheric pressure (0.1MPa) under normal gravity, and the autoignition and combustion characteristics were examined. The ignition delay time, burning rate constant and combustion characteristics of pure and stabilized kerosene droplets were also observed for comparison. The results indicate that, similar to pure kerosene droplets, the ignition delay time of NP-laden kerosene (<I>n</I>-Al/kerosene) droplets also followed the Arrhenius expression and decreased exponentially with increasing temperature. However, the addition of dilute concentrations of Al NPs to kerosene reduced the ignition delay and lowered the minimum ignition temperature to 600°C, at which pure kerosene droplets of the same initial diameter were not ignited. In contrast to the combustion of pure and stabilized kerosene droplets, the combustion of <I>n</I>-Al/kerosene droplets exhibited disruptive behavior characterized by sudden reductions in the droplet diameter without any prior expansions caused by multiple-time bubble formation and their subsequent rupture at or near the droplet’s surface. This bubble pop-up resulted in droplet trembling and fragmentation and ultimately led to enhancement in gasification, vapor accumulation and envelope flame disturbance. The NPs were also brought out of the droplets through these disruptions. Consequently, the burning time and total combustion time of the droplets were reduced, and almost no residue remained on the fiber following combustion. Thus, the combustion rate of <I>n</I>-Al/kerosene droplets was substantially enhanced compared with pure kerosene droplets at all tested temperatures.</P>

Composting에 의한 Kerosene의 중온성 생분해에 관한 연구

정규혁,권혁구,이장훈 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1999 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.11 No.-

As an emerging remediation technology of petroleum-contaminated soil, composting is the biological conversion of organic-waste materials, under controlled conditions, into a hygienic and relatively biostable product that conditions soil and nourishes plants. Initial research on the composting of petroleum was simply focused on reducing contaminant by optimizing composting conditions. Accordingly, we has required criteria to assess scientifically the biodegradation of hazardous chemicals and data to prove the stability of degradative products. The purpose of this study was to assess the bioremediation feasibility of kerosene-contaminated soil and to provide the data to evaluate systemically composting process by laboratory measurement. A number of heterotrophic, gram-positive, non-spore-forming, and facultative anaerobic bacteria related to kerosene-degrading strains were isolated from composting sampling at various temperature. Isolates were identified as Aeromonas, Corynebacterium, Moraxella, Alcaligenes, and Pseudomonas spp. Under bench-scale composting system, kerosene was mostly removed in 64 days. However, studies with ^14C-labelled hexadecane provided significant evidence that 22.4% of the initial ^14C-hexadecane was converted to ^14CO_2 in 64 days.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Kl4를 이용한 등유(Kerosene)의 생물학적 분해

김지영,이상섭,Kim, Jee-Young,Lee, Sang-Seob 한국미생물학회 2008 미생물학회지 Vol.44 No.2

본 연구에서는 유류로 오염된 토양에서 증식배양을 통해 등유 분해 균주 32개체를 순수 분리하였다. 분리한 개체에 대하여 스크린테스트를 통해 고효율 제거 균주를 선별하였으며, 그 결과 Kl4가 kerosene 1,000 mg/L에서 6일간 가장 높은 제거율을 보였다. Kl4는 형태학적, 생리생화학적 테스트, 16S rDNA 및 지방산 분석을 통하여 Pseudomonas aeruginosa로 동정되었다. 위 균주를 사용하여 다양한 생장조건에서의 등유제거를 측정한 결과, 최적분해조건으로 초기 접종 균농도 1.0 g/L (w/v), 등유 1,000 mg/L, 온도 $30^{\circ}C$, pH 7의 조건이 선정되었다. 이 조건으로 K14에 대한 회분식 실험을 실시하였으며, 위 균주는72시간 동안 등유 1,000 mg/L를 78.3% 이상 제거하였다. 또한, 기질농도에 변화를 주어 실험한 결과 저농도의 등유 200 mg/L에 대하여 48시간 동안 95.8%, 고농도의 등유 5,000 mg/L에서 48시간 동안 42% 이상의 제거능을 보여주었다. 위 결과로 보아, K14에 의한 등유의 생물학적 처리는 유류에 오염된 지하수 및 토양에 적용하였을 시, 뛰어난 제거 효능을 보일 것으로 사료된다. In this study, we isolated 32 strains of kerosene degrading bacteria from oil contaminated soil by enrichment culture. Isolates were screened for kerosene degradation efficiencies and K14 were selected which had the highest removal efficiency for 1,000 mg/L of kerosene. K14 were identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa by morphological, biochemical test and 16S rDNA analysis. The optimal culture condition were determined as initial inoculated cell concentration, 1.0 g/L; substrate concentration, 1,000 mg/L; temperature $30^{\circ}C$; pH 7. When we enforced batch test in this condition, K14 degraded 72% of kerosene with 1,000 mg/L during 72 hr. And, at low concentration (200 mg/L), K14 degraded 95.8% of kerosene during 48 hr. As a result, kerosene biodegradation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa K14 could be useful for clean up of groundwater and soil contaminated with crude oil.

영양원 변화가 Kerosene 분해율 및 분해균주 성장에 미치는 영향

정규혁 성균관대학교 약학연구소 1999 成均藥硏論文集 Vol.11 No.-

Bioremediation is the technology to harness nature's biodegradative capabilities to remove or detoxify pollutions that threaten public health as environmental contaminants. Composting may become one of major bioremediation technologies for treating soils contaminated with petroleum if the fate of contaminants during composting is better understood Most composting research of petroleum was primarily focused on removing contaminant by optimizing composting conditions. Accordingly, laboratory feasibility studies may be useful to establish a realistic basis in co-composting complex substrate such as petroleum hydrocarbons. The purpose of this study was to assess the optimal conditions of kerosene biodegradation following supplementation with nutrient amendments under simulated composting conditions. Although it increased the growth of bacterial consortium, addition of co-substrates 0.5%(w/v) such as acetic acid, citric acid, glucose, and malic acid was not beneficial. Combination of nitrogen and phosphorous source enhanced kerosene biodegradation and reduced VOC evolution. These results showed that kerosene was able to utilize in bioremediation technology.

Composting에 의한 Kerosene의 중온성 생분해에 관한 연구

정규혁(Kyu Hyuck Chung),권혁구(Hyuk Ku Kwon),이장훈(Jang Hoon Lee) 한국환경보건학회 1999 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.25 No.2

As an emerging remediation technology of petroleum-contaminated soil, composting is the biological conversion of organic-waste materials, under controlled conditions, into a hygienic and relatively biostable product that conditions soil and nourishes plants. Initial research on the composting of petroleum was simply focused on reducing contaminant by optimizing composting conditions. Accordingly, we has required criteria to assess scientifically the biodegradation of hazardous chemicals and data to prove the stability of degradative products. The purpose of this study was to assess the bioremediation feasibility of kerosene-contaminated soil and to provide the data to evaluate systemically composting process by laboratory measurement. A number of heterotrophic, gram-positive, non-spore-forming, and facultative anaerobic bacteria related to kerosene-degrading strains were isolated from composting sampling at various temperature. Isolates were identified as Aeromonas, Corynebacterium, Moraxella, Alcaligenes, and Pseudomonas spp. Under bench-scale composting system, kerosene was mostly removed in 64 days. However, studies with ¹⁴C-labelled hexadecane provided significant evidence that 22.4% of the initial 14C-hexadecane was converted to ¹⁴CO₂ in 64 days.

영양원 변화가 Kerosene 분해율 및 분해균주 성장에 미치는 영향

정규혁,Chung, Kyu-Hyuck 한국환경보건학회 1999 한국환경보건학회지 Vol.25 No.3

Bioremediation is the technology to harness nature's biodegradative capabilities to remove or detoxify pollutions that threaten public health as environmental contaminants. Composting may become one of major bioremediation technologies for treating soils contaminated with petroleum if the fate of contaminants during composting is better understood Most composting research of petroleum was primarily focused on removing contaminant by optimizing composting conditions. Accordingly, laboratory feasibility studies may be useful to establish a realistic basis in co-composting complex substrate such as petroleum hydrocarbons. The purpose of this study was to assess the optimal conditions of kerosene biodegradation following supplementation with nutrient amendments under simulated composting conditions. Although it increased the growth of bacterial consortium, addition of co-substrates 0.5%(w/v) such as acetic acid, citric acid, glucose, and malic acid was not beneficial. Combination of nitrogen and phosphorous source enhanced kerosene biodegradation and reduced VOC evolution. These results showed that kerosene was able to utilize in bioremediation technology.

케로신 연료 및 코킹에 대한 검토

이준서(Junseo Lee),안규복(Kyubok Ahn) 한국추진공학회 2020 한국추진공학회지 Vol.24 No.3

In liquid oxygen/kerosene liquid rocket engines, kerosene is not only a propellant but also plays a role as a coolant to protect the combustion chamber wall from 3,000 K or more combustion gas. Since kerosene is exposed to high temperature passing through cooling channels, it may undergo heat-related chemical reactions leading to precipitation of carbon-rich solids. Such kerosene’s thermal and fluidic characteristic test data are essential for the regeneratively cooled combustion chamber design. In this paper, we investigated foreign studies related to regenerative cooling channel and kerosene. Starting with general information on hydrocarbon fuels including kerosene, we attempted to systematically organize sedimentary phenomena on cooling channel walls, their causes/research results, coking test equipments/prevention methods, etc.

케로신 내 용존질소 측정 및 제거 방법 연구

이원구,김성룡,안규복 한국추진공학회 2018 한국추진공학회지 Vol.22 No.6

To improve the performance of a launch vehicle, kerosene, a launch vehicle fuel, undergoes a densification process. Liquid nitrogen injection cooling is an effective densification method which has a simple system and is inexpensive. During the cooling process, however, nitrogen may dissolve in the kerosene, possibly resulting in changes to fuel properties. Therefore, it is essential to measure and eliminate the amount of dissolved nitrogen in the kerosene. In this study, the vacuum extraction principle is introduced to measure the content of dissolved nitrogen in the kerosene. In addition, the experimental results, which used a designed/manufactured nitrogen sampling device, are described. From the results, the validity of the nitrogen sampling device and the dissolved nitrogen measurement/elimination methods was demonstrated. 발사체 연료 케로신은 발사체의 성능 향상을 위해 고밀도화 과정을 거치게 된다. 고밀도화 방법 중 액체질소 주입 냉각법은 시스템이 간단하고 비용이 저렴한 효과적인 방법이다. 하지만 냉각과정 중 질소가 케로신에 용해되어 물성을 변화시키는 원인이 되기도 한다. 따라서 냉각 후 케로신 내 용존질소의 양을 측정하고 제거하는 작업이 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 케로신 내 용존질소 함유량을측정할 수 있는 진공추출 원리를 소개하였다. 또한 질소 샘플링 장치를 설계/제작하여 수행한 실험결과를 설명하였다. 실험결과로부터 질소 샘플링 장치와 용존질소 측정법/제거법의 유효성을 입증하였다.

한국형발사체 추진기관시스템 시험설비 연료공급시스템 설계

최봉수(Bongsu Choi),김용욱(Yongwook Kim),이장환(Janghwan Lee),조기주(Kiejoo Cho) 한국추진공학회 2017 한국추진공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.5

추진기관 시스템 시험설비 (PSTC)는 한국형발사체 (KSLV-II)의 추진기관 시스템을 검증하기 위해 고안되었다. 구성요소로는 유공압 시스템, 테스트 스탠드 시스템, 제어계측 시스템, 후류안전시스템이 있으며 본 논문에서는 유공압 시스템의 연료공급 시스템에 대해서 소개하고 있다. 연료 공급 시스템은 연료의 저장 및 냉각, 공급 배관의 냉각 및 퍼지, 연료의 충전 및 회수를 수행하는 시스템을 의미하며 한국형발사체 1/2/3단의 연료충전 조건을 고려하여 설계하였다. Propulsion system test complex (PSTC) is designed to verify propulsion system of KSLV-II. It is composed of hydraulic and pneumatic system, test stand system, control/measurement system, and flame deflector and safety system. In this study, kerosene filling system of hydraulic and pneumatic system is introduced. It performs store and chilling of kerosene, chilling and purging of filling line, and filling and retrieval of the kerosene. The kerosene supply requirements of 1, 2 and 3 stages of KSLV-II are considered in design process

한국형발사체 액체로켓 연료의 수분관리에 따른 엔진 연료입구필터 차압의 변화

황창환(Changhwan Hwang),김인호(Inho Kim),박재영(Jaeyoung Park),김성룡(Seonglyong Kim),유병일(Byungil Yoo),조남경(Namkyung Cho),한영민(Yeoungmin Han) 한국추진공학회 2020 한국추진공학회지 Vol.24 No.6

75 tonf liquid rocket engine combustion test was performed at Naro space center Engine Combustion Test Facility for KSLV-II. A gradual pressure drop was observed during off-design combustion test turbopump inlet condition using cooled kerosene at 271 K. It was found that the water content inside kerosene could cause pressure drop at 40 ㎛ grade filter through the water contests analysis of kerosene, kerosene cooling test and dehydration of kerosene.