북한산 둘레길에서 참진드기의 계절적 발생과 중증열성혈소판감소증후군 바이러스 검출

Jang-Hoon Seo,Bo-Young Jeon,Sezim Monoldorova,In-Yong Lee 대한임상검사과학회 2020 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.52 No.2

The study examined the seasonal pattern of larvae, nymph, and adult life stages for Haemaphysalis longicornis and the rate of infection with severe fever from the thrombocytopenia syndrome virus in ticks collected from 12 sections (Jichukdong), 14 sections (Uldaeri), and 18 sections (Howondong) in Bukhansan dullegil for April–October 2019. Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks have been considered the main vector for severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS). Haemaphysalis flava and Ixodes nipponensis were collected using the dragging and flagging method. The ratios of Haemaphysalis longicornis of the collected ticks were 91% (Jichukdong), 94% (Uldaeri), and 98% (Howondong). Monthly distributional studies of Haemaphysalis longicornis based on the developmental stage showed that the adults peaked in September while nymphs were collected more frequently from April through June. The larvae peaked in September and October. SFTS virus detection was performed using 2 × OneStep RT-PCR and nested PCR. On the other hand, no SFTS virus-specific gene was detected in 1,158 ticks of Haemaphysalis longicornis. This result provides estimates of the population densities for the life stages of Haemaphysalis longicornis and the associated disease risk in Bukhansan dullegil, where many people have visited since opening in 2010. 2019년 4월부터 10월까지 북한산 둘레길 12구간(지축동), 14구간(울대리), 18구간(호원동)에서 참진드기를 채집해서 계절적 분포 조사와 매개체의 SFTS 바이러스 감염 여부를 확인하였다. 천젓기와 천끌기 방법으로 개피참진드기, 일본참진드기와 중증열성혈소판감소증후군의 주된 매개체로 알려진 작은소피참진드기 3종이 채집되었다. 작은소피참진드기는 채집비율이 지축동 91%, 울대리 94%, 호원동 98%를 차지하여 우점종이었다. 작은소피참진드기의 성숙단계에 따른 계절별 채집비율을 보면 성충의 경우 세 지역 모두 9월에 최고치를 보였고 약충의 경우에는 4월에서 6월 사이에 주로 채집되었다. 유충의 경우에는 9월과 10월에 최고치를 보였다. 채집된 작은소피참진드기 1,158개체를 성숙단계별로 2× OneStep RT-PCR과 nested PCR로 SFTS 바이러스 검사를 한 결과 양성은 나타나지 않았다. 2010년 개장 이후 이용객이 늘어나는 북한산 둘레길에서 기후 온난화로 증가가 예상되는 참진드기 매개 질환에 대한 위험분석과 효율적인 예방에 본 조사 결과가 활용될 수 있다.

Delayed nodule formation after tick bite by Haemaphysalis longicornis

( Ji Hoon Yang ),( In Yong Lee ),( Hyun-sun Park ),( Hyun-sun Yoon ),( Soyun Cho ) 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.1

Haemaphysalis longicornis, a well-known vector of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) virus which causes SFTS, is parasitic to cattle in the adult stage and has been rarely reported in humans. The rate of retention of SFTS virus in Haemaphysalis longicornis was 0.5%, and the mortality rate from virus infection was reported to be 6% in Korea. A 55-year-old man presented with two fingernail-sized firm erythematous nodules on the right inner thigh. When he got home after fishing in Cheongpyong 4 months ago, he found a tick attached to his thigh and removed it. Initially, there was no skin lesion but only itching; the nodules developed 2 months later. He had no history of fever after the tick bite. Skin biopsy from one of the nodules demonstrated extensive inflammation in the dermis and subcutaneous tissue with eosinophilic and lymphocytic microabscess formation. The tick was identified as a female adult of Haemaphysalis longicornis on the basis of morphologic characteristics. Total IgE was slightly increased to 948 and no other blood test abnormalities were found. Remaining skin lesions disappeared with application of topical corticosteroid. This case was interesting in that the skin lesions occurred 2 months after being bitten by Haemaphysalis longicornis. Clinicians need to be aware of the possible delayed skin reaction to tick bites.

Distribution of bisexual and parthenogenetic Haemaphysalis longicornis by comparison of genetic characteristics in the Republic of Korea

Jiseok Kim,Seoyul Hwang,Donghun Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2023 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2023 No.10

The Asian longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis, is an ectoparasite of domestic and wild animals, which transmit various pathogens including Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus (SFTSV). They are the predominant hard tick species in Republic of Korea (ROK) and widely distributed throughout ROK. It is known that H. longicornis produce their offspring via two reproductive strategies, bisexual and parthenogenesis. It might affect their population maintenance and vectorial capacity. Parthenogenesis H. longicornis had the insertion of two thymine ‘T’ in mitochondrial 16s rDNA. In this study, we analyzed the proportion of bisexual and parthenogenesis H. longicornis in ROK including thirteen cities: Goseong[GS], Sokcho[SC], Chuncheon[CC], Ganghwa[GH], Samcheok[SCH], Sangju[SJ], Boryeong[BR], Ulsan[US], Gochang[GC], Jinju[JNJ], Jindo[JD], Jeju[JJ], and Seogwipo[SG]. Parthenogenesis individuals predominated from the northeastern are of ROK including Goseong, Sokcho, Chuncheon, Ganghwa, Samcheok, Sangju, Ulsan, and Jinju. Whereas bisexual individuals predominated from the southwestern area in ROK including Boryeong, Gochang, Jindo, Jeju, and Seogwipo. The analysis of haplotype diversity using concatenated sequences of mitochondrial Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and Cytochrome B (CytB) revealed that H. longicornis were grouped into two major haplotypes. Two major haplotypes were correlated with bisexual and parthenogenesis, respectively. Likewise, H. longicornis individuals were divided into two clades and each clade were indicated by bisexual and parthenogenesis. The current study provides us an understanding of the genetic characteristics of two reproductive strategies for H. longicornis, which will be led to expand knowledge of the life cycle and population maintaining for H. longicornis.

Bioinformatic analysis of three acetylcholinesterases in Haemaphysalis longicornis

KyungHwan Moon,JaeSeok Lee,Donghun Kim,Young Ho Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2019 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.04

Haemaphysalis longicornis (H. longicornis) is the most dominant species that accounts for more than 90% of domestic ticks in Korea. It is also a main mediator and propagator of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome virus. In order to efficient control of H. longicornis, it is essential to obtain the genetic information of pesticide target genes and determine the mutations putatively involved in insecticide resistance. Acetylcholinesterase (Ace) is a target gene of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides, but no sequence information of Ace is available to date in H. longicornis. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the transcriptome of H. longicornis and obtained the sequence information of three Ace genes (HlAce1, HlAce2 and HlAce3). Based on the comparison analysis with sequences of multiple ace genes from other hard ticks, mites and insects, three HlAces were grouped in Acari Ace1, Ace2 and Ace3 clade, respectively. Among three HlAces, HlAce1 seems to be major enzyme because of its conserved amino acids involved in catalytic function.

제주지역 4개 환경에서 채집한 중증열성혈소판감소증후군 매개 참진드기 분포

정경아 ( Kyoung A Chung ),송현제 ( Hyeon Je Song ),이혁재 ( Hyeok Jae Lee ),박철 ( Chul Park ),서민영 ( Min Yeung Seo ) 대한임상검사과학회 2020 대한임상검사과학회지(KJCLS) Vol.52 No.4

제주지역의 4개 환경(초지, 잡목림, 산길, 무덤)에서 2018년 3월부터 11월까지 진드기 채집을 통하여 진드기의 분포 특성 및 SFTSV 병원체 보균 여부를 조사하였다. Tick trap을 이용해 채집된 3,095마리와 flagging을 이용하여 채집된 1,569마리를 채집하였다. 총 4,664마리의 채집된 진드기 중에서 Haemaphysalis longicornis가 4,440마리(95.2%)로 대부분을 차지하였고, H. flava는 224마리(4.8%)가 채집되었다. 환경적으로는 Tick trap은 초지(953마리), 잡목림(883마리), 산길(847마리), 무덤(411마리)가 채집되었고, flagging은 잡목림(704마리), 산길(472마리), 무덤(197마리), 초지(196마리)가 채집되었다. 발육단계별로는 유충은 5월부터 채집되어 10월에 140마리, 11월에 280마리가 채집되었다. 약충은 4월부터 8월에 집중적으로 채집(2,978마리)되었고, 5월과 6월에 가장 많이 채집되었다. 성충은 6월부터 8월까지 전체 성충 중 94%가 채집되었다. 채집된 H. longicornis 4,440마리와 H. flava 224마리에서 SFTSV는 확인되지 않았다. The distribution of ticks and severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) pathogens were investigated by collecting ticks from March to November 2018 in four environments (grass fields, copses, mountain roads, and tombs) in Jeju. Three thousand and ninety ticks were collected using a tick trap, and 1,569 ticks were collected using the flagging method. Of the 4,659 ticks collected, Haemaphysalis longicornis and Haemaphysalis flava accounted for 4,440 ticks (95.2%) and 219 ticks (4.7%), respectively. Nine hundred and fifty, 883, 847, and 410 ticks were collected from grass fields, copses, mountain roads, and tombs, respectively, using tick traps, whereas 704, 472, 197, and 196 ticks were collected from copses, mountain roads, tombs, and grass fields, respectively, using the flagging method. The largest fraction of ticks (2,978) was collected from April to August, and most were collected in May and June. Adult ticks comprised 94 percent of the total ticks from June to August. SFTSV was not detected in the 4,440 H. longicornis ticks or the 219 H. flava ticks collected in this study. Copyright Ⓒ 2020 The Korean Society for Clinical Laboratory Science. All rights reserved.

Field assessment of repellency of Cinnamomum zeylinicam, Lavendula angustifolia and Juniperus verginiana essential oils against Haemaphysalis longicornis

Gi-Hun Kim,Jin Hwan Jeon,Chang won Jang,Se Jin Jeong,E-Hyun Shin,Young-Ran Ju,Kyu-Sik Chang 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.10

Previous laboratory repellent assessment with three plant essential oils against Haemaphysalis longicornis, a major vector for Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, revealed high repellency of Lavendual angustifolia and high synergic effects of Cinnamomum zeylinicam and Juniperus verginiana. Based on the previous laboratory repellent assessment field studies on repellency of the three plant oils were carried out with formulations such as cream type and spray type. 10% spray type of Cinnamomum zeylinicam demonstrated > 70% of repellency against H. longicornis. 10% spray type of Lavendual angustifolia showed > 80% of repellency. 10% spray type of binary mixture containing Cinnnamomum zeylinicam and Juniperus verginiana showed > 98% repellency against H. longicornis. Further studies on repellency of cream type of the plant oils might be carried out and compared with two commercial repellents.

Resistance and control of cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos as acaricide for control of hard tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (acari: ixodidae)

You, Myung-Jo The Korean Society of Veterinary Science 2014 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.54 No.2

Chemotherapeutic treatment is still the foundation of tick control programs. This study investigated the acaricidal efficacy of cypermethrin alone and in combination with chlorpyrifos against Haemaphysalis (H.) longicornis. Unfed larval ticks were exposed to 0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/mL cypermethrin for 60 min, after which the acaricidal efficacy was examined based on tick mortality. All compounds showed similar suppression curves, with the best control being achieved by cypermethrin and chlorpyrifos (1 : 1 ratio) at 10 mg/mL. Effective cypermethrin concentrations for tick control were two to seven times higher than the recommended doses, indicating resistance by H. longicornis.

Biological management of SFTS-vectoring longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis

Mi Rong Lee,Sihyeon Kim,Jong Cheol Kim,So Eun Park,Dongwei Li,Sehyeon Baek,Tae Young Shin,Jae Su Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2018 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2018 No.10

Longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis (Ixodida: Ixodidae) is one of the vectors of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) in human. The tick occurs in mostly grass fields, and the use of pyrethroid insecticides induced pest resistance and environmental residual toxicity. Particularly the use of chemicals near residential areas where persons live become a big issue, so environmentally safe control agents need to be considered. Here in this work, our interest was given to the selection of highly virulent fungi against H. longicornis. A total of 101 fungal pathogens collected from mountainous areas were assayed by a dipping the nymph stage of ticks into a conidial suspension (1×107conidia/ml). Interestingly among several species, one species showed high virulence and mycosis were observed in 7-15 days. Most of the selected isolates produced a large amount of conidia in Italian millet, rice and millet with thermotolerance at 40-45°C. Based on these results, we selected a couple of isolates with high virulence against H. longicornis and they could be used for the control of the ticks after the set-up of a practical application strategy in fields by optimizing fungal colonization in soil and phyllosphere.

[P292] A case of human otoacariasis by Haemaphysalis longicornis

( Min Ji Kang ),( Soo Young Lee ),( Young Bok Lee ),( Dong Soo Yu ),( Jin Wou Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2017 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.69 No.1

Ticks are obligate parasites on animals and sometimes humans. They usually suck the blood of the hosts and can carry various infectious diseases as a vector. Otoacariasis, which is a rare infestation of the ear canal by mites or ticks, is relatively common in domestic and wild animals. However, tick infestations of human ear canals are much less in the literature and these cases are rarely reported in the developed countries. A 9-year-old girl living in a suburb presented with otalgia of left ear for 1 day. Otoscopic examination revealed a huge tick occluding the tympanic membrane. Tick removal and washing of external auditory canal was done successfully. The causative tick was identified as Haemaphysalis longicornis. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of human otoacariasis by a H. longicornis in Korea. Herein, we report a rare case of human otoacariasis caused by H. longicornis in a 9-year-old male.

Fungal Pathology in Hard Tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis

Mi Rong Lee,Tae Young Shin,Sihyeon Kim,Jong Cheol Kim,Se Jin Lee,Dong Wei Li,Jae Su Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2017 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2017 No.10

The hard tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis (Ixodida: Ixodidae) is one of the vectors of severe fever with thrombocytopeniasyndrome virus (SFTSV) causing in humans, however little consideration was given to the biological control of the pest.We evaluated three bioassay methods, such as spray, dipping and dropping. As a result, the dipping method was themost efficient way to measure the fungal virulence. Finally, we constructed a Haemaphysalis longicornis pathogenic fungallibrary to further facilitate the resources to be used as potential biological control agents. A conidial suspension of 1×107conidia/ml was exposed to the ticks by dipping. We confirmed that some isolates were highly virulent to the ticks. Thisresults indicated that some fungi could be used to effectively control the Haemaphysalis longicornis.