Growth and Activity of Caenorhabditis elegans Exposed to Mechanical Vibration During the Embryonic Period

Sunhee Yoon,Jonguk Ju,Soonjo Kwon,전태준,김선민 한국생물공학회 2020 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.25 No.1

Mechanical vibration is a key external stimulus of living organisms. In previous studies, mechanical vibration has been found to affect the proliferation and differentiation of cells. However, there have been few reports of similar effects at the organismal scale. In this study, we demonstrated the effect of mechanical vibration on the growth and activity of Caenorhabditis elegans in the embryonic stage. The group of worms that were exposed to mechanical vibration during the embryonic period grew faster than the control group of worms. The growth of all groups was compared by measuring body length. Furthermore, we investigated the mechanical vibration effects in two types of mutants: body wall mechanosensory-abnormal mutants (mec-4(e1339)) and head mechanosensory-defective mutants (trp-4(sy695)). The mec-4(e1339) mutant was not affected by mechanical vibration during growth. On the other hand, the trp-4(sy695) mutant exposed to mechanical vibration showed a difference in growth compared with the control group, similar to wild-type worms. Therefore, mechanical vibration during the early developmental period of C. elegans affects the growth and activity of worms. Additionally, we observed a relationship between the gastrulation period and the mechanosensory system development of the worms. This study will serve as the basis for analyzing the effects of mechanical vibration on the developmental stages of C. elegans.

기업성장단계별 경영성과 결정요인에 관한 연구

이윤철(Yun Cheol Lee),구자원(Ja Won Gu) 한국경영학회 2009 經營學硏究 Vol.38 No.4

The researches of key success factors in order to explain how the firms accomplish above business performance with competitive advantages have been carried out in various fields of industries and researches. In terms of the sources of competitive advantages have been studied in different views such as the resource-based view which is to explain using firms’ valuable resources, the knowledge-based view which is to claim through knowledge creation and diffusion, and environment-based view which is to prospect external environment of firms. In order to explain firms’ performance, this study conducted empirical analysis using mechanism-based view which is to assure dynamic competitiveness. We carried out empirical test in order to analyze effects on the firms’ performance of subject, environment, resource, and mechanism factors by the stages of firms’ growth. We used 150 firm level samples which are consisted of 41 start-up stage, 77 growth stage, and 32 maturity stage companies. Our results showed that the subject’s experience factors have effects on the firms’ performance in the start-up stage and environment factors have significant effects to the business records in the growth and maturity stage rather than start-up stage. In terms of resource factors, those were useful of business performance in the start-up and growth stages. Selecting mechanism was analyzed that have different effects to the firms’ performance by each selecting component. Learning mechanism invested that was significant for the performance in the growth and maturity stages. The external coordinating mechanism was significant in the start-up stage. We could found that the subject, environment, resource, and mechanism factors effected to the firms’ performance differently following by the stages of growth.

Phytobiotics to improve health and production of broiler chickens: functions beyond the antioxidant activity

Kikusato Motoi 아세아·태평양축산학회 2021 Animal Bioscience Vol.34 No.3

Phytobiotics, also known as phytochemicals or phytogenics, have a wide variety of biological activities and have recently emerged as alternatives to synthetic antibiotic growth promoters. Numerous studies have reported the growth-promoting effects of phytobiotics in chickens, but their precise mechanism of action is yet to be elucidated. Phytobiotics are traditionally known for their antioxidant activity. However, extensive investigations have shown that these compounds also have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and transcriptionmodulating effects. Phytobiotics are non-nutritive constituents, and their bioavailability is low. Nonetheless, their beneficial effects have been observed in several tissues or organs. The health benefits of the ingestion of phytobiotics are attributed to their antioxidant activity. However, several studies have revealed that not all these benefits could be explained by the antioxidant effects alone. In this review, I focused on the bioavailability of phytobiotics and the possible mechanisms underlying their overall effects on intestinal barrier functions, inflammatory status, gut microbiota, systemic inflammation, and metabolism, rather than the specific effects of each compound. I also discuss the possible mechanisms by which phytobiotics contribute to growth promotion in chickens. Phytobiotics, also known as phytochemicals or phytogenics, have a wide variety of biological activities and have recently emerged as alternatives to synthetic antibiotic growth promoters. Numerous studies have reported the growth-promoting effects of phytobiotics in chickens, but their precise mechanism of action is yet to be elucidated. Phytobiotics are traditionally known for their antioxidant activity. However, extensive investigations have shown that these compounds also have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and transcription-modulating effects. Phytobiotics are non-nutritive constituents, and their bioavailability is low. Nonetheless, their beneficial effects have been observed in several tissues or organs. The health benefits of the ingestion of phytobiotics are attributed to their antioxidant activity. However, several studies have revealed that not all these benefits could be explained by the antioxidant effects alone. In this review, I focused on the bioavailability of phytobiotics and the possible mechanisms underlying their overall effects on intestinal barrier functions, inflammatory status, gut microbiota, systemic inflammation, and metabolism, rather than the specific effects of each compound. I also discuss the possible mechanisms by which phytobiotics contribute to growth promotion in chickens.

<쿵푸팬더>, <업>, <겨울왕국> 캐릭터의 정신역동적 성장 구조 - 욕망 왜곡의 변인으로서 방어기제를 중심으로 -

양세혁 ( Sehyeok Yang ) 한국영상미디어협회 2015 예술과 미디어 Vol.14 No.4

본 연구는 중심캐릭터의 내적 갈등을 통한 성장의 과정에서 발생하는 연쇄적인 심리 변화의 인과관계를 정신역동적 관점에서 분석하기 위하여 시작되었다. 정신역동은 무의식적 동기나 의도에 의한 역학적인 투쟁을 의미한다. 이러한 내적 갈등으로부터 자아를 보호하기 위하여 무의식적 상호작용에 의해 타협의 과정을 거치는데, 이때 작용하는 것이 ‘자아방어기제’이다. 이것의 원시적 속성은 두려움을 야기하는 현실의 문제를 왜곡함으로써 회피하거나 적응하려하는 자기기만적 대처이다. 따라서 본 연구는 방어기제가 캐릭터의 근원적 욕망을 왜곡시키는 변인으로 작용하며, 캐릭터의 ‘성장’ 여부를 결정하는 정신역동 과정의 핵심이라는데 주목했다. 연구의 진행은 먼저, 자아정체감 회복의 전형적 성장담을 보여주는 애니메이션 세 작품을 선택했다. 성장과 성장 실패의 대조로써 논리를 검증할 수 있도록‘주동’, ‘반동’ 캐릭터를 각각 하나 씩 선택했다. 마지막으로, 방어기제 유형의 특성을 분석의 기준으로 활용했다. 이를 통해, 캐릭터의 정신역동은 ① 내재된 결핍에 의해 두려움이 발생하고, ② 방어기제의 작용에 의해 욕망이 왜곡되며, ③ 두려움의 극복을 통해 왜곡되었던 욕망이 회복되는 과정을 거친다는 점을 알 수 있었다. 종합하여, 정신역동적 성장의 구조란 원시적이고 미숙한 방어기제로부터 성숙한 사용으로의 전환을 통해, 스스로의 결핍을 직시하고 포용함으로써 자신의 근원적 욕망과 연결시키려는 노력의 과정이라는 결론을 도출할 수 있었다. 끝으로, 애니메이션 캐릭터의 내면적 변인을 분석하려는 시도의 난점은 캐릭터는 실체적 인간을 온전히 포괄할 수 없다는 점과, 작품 속 대사와 연기라는 정보의 한계였다. 이에, 관련된 타 학문과의 교류와 협업을 통해 보완할 수 있기를 제안하며 연구를 마무리하고자 한다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the causality of successive psychological changes occurring in the process of growth through the internal conflicts of main characters in the aspects of psychodynamics. Psychodynamics refers to dynamic struggle resulted from unconscious motivation or intention. To protect oneself from that internal conflict, one goes through the process of negotiation through unconscious interaction, and what works at this time is ‘self-defense mechanism’. The primitive attribute of this is self-deceptive coping to avoid problems in reality causing fear by distorting it or adjust oneself to it. Therefore, this study focuses on the fact that defense mechanism works as a variable to distort the character’s ultimate desire and is the core process of psychodynamics to determine the character’s ‘growth’. For the research, first, this author selected three animation works containing the typical stories of growth to recover self-identity. To verify the logic with contrast between growth and growth failure, this researcher chose one ‘leading’ and one ‘reactionary’ character. Lastly, the characteristics of defense mechanism types were used as the criteria of analysis. Through this, it has been found that in the characters’ psychodynamics, ① fear arises due to their internalized deficit, ② their desire gets distorted by the functions of defense mechanism, and ③ their distorted desire gets to be recovered through overcoming fear. To sum up, this researcher has concluded that the structure of psychodynamic growth is the process of endeavoring to convert primitive and immature defense mechanism into mature one to look squarely at and embrace their own deficits and link it with their own ultimate desire. Lastly, it was hard to analyze the internal variables of those animation characters because the characters could not manifest substantial humans holistically and all the information collected was lines in the works and their acting. Therefore, this author intends to end this research suggesting you to complement it afterwards through exchange and cooperation with other related sciences.

The Effectiveness of Macroprudential Policy on Credit Growth at Bank-Level Data in Vietnam

Hau Trung NGUYEN,Anh Thi Hoang PHAM,Thuy T. DANG 한국유통과학회 2021 The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Busine Vol.8 No.8

The study investigates the effectiveness of the macroprudential policy on credit growth in Vietnam. The authors use the logic of the transmission mechanism of macroprudential policy on credit growth. Research variables include economic growth, inflation, interest rate, and quarterly bank-level data from 28 commercial banks in Vietnam during 2011–2018. The results reveal that: (i) GDP growth had a positive impact on credit growth of small banks but had no impact on large banks, (ii) Domestic Systemically Important Banks (D-SIBs) and small banks respond differently to macroprudential measures of imposing different credit growth targets for different bank groups, (iii) Restrictions on foreign currency loans are found to be effective in curbing credit growth for the full sample and small banks, (iv) Inflation and economic cycle have significantly impacted credit growth at bank-level in Vietnam and (v) Interestingly, a significant positive relationship between interest rates and credit growth is found for the full sample and D-SIBs in Vietnam. The findings suggest that a stable macroeconomic environment should be good conditions for financial stability, and monetary authority should pay more attention to small banks’ behaviors than D-SIBs behavior, toward such “administration” tools since small banks tend to prefer “breaking the rules” to make profits.

글로벌 불균형과 세계경제의 위기

황호선(Hoseon Hwang) 동아시아국제정치학회 2013 국제정치연구 Vol.16 No.1

The global imbalance - accumulation of massive current account deficit and consequent growing external debt of the US - is the most serious factor to threaten the stability of the world economy. The persistent current deficit of US, which is dependent upon the inflows of foreign capital, cannot persist indefinitely and the correction of the global imbalance is inevitable sooner or later. Then what effect does the correction of the global economy have on the growth of the US and the world economy? The analysis based on the linked growth model shows that exchange rate adjustment should have only a limited effect on the correction of global imbalance and that the correction of the imbalance should proceed by changes in domestic autonomous demand of the nations involved. The adjustment to the imbalance by changes in autonomous demands tends to have extensive impact on the growth of the nations involved by the effect of foreign linked multiplier. In the international economy, there is an inherent asymmetry in adjustment mechanism of balance-of-payment disequilibrium. Because of this asymmetry, the global imbalance should be corrected by deficit country, which is the US, with deflationary measures. This deflationary adjustment of the US inevitably drags down the growth of the world economy by linked multiplier effect. By contrast, if the relevant nations prevent the working of asymmetric adjustment mechanism and initiate reflationary adjustment by surplus countries to the global imbalance successfully with their policy coordination, the adjustment to the imbalance should lead the world economy to a higher growth, a type of complementary growth. With the global imbalance, a most dangerous risk of the world economy, and the dismal prospect in economic growth ahead, the world faces a most difficult task. It stands on the turning point whether it could proceed to a prosperous complementary economic growth with a successful policy coordination or be dragged to a low and stagnant economic growth with the US deflationary adjustment to the global imbalance.

성장단계별 선택, 학습, 조정 메커니즘 요인 도출에 관한 연구

구자원(Gu, Ja-Won),이윤철(Lee, Yun-Cheol) 대한경영학회 2008 大韓經營學會誌 Vol.21 No.6

기업 성장단계별 IT기업의 경영성과 결정요인에 관한 실증연구

구자원,이동환,신철호 한국상업교육학회 2009 상업교육연구 Vol.23 No.4

본 연구는 75개 IT 기업을 대상으로 기업 성장 단계에 따른 경영성과 결정요인에 관해 실증 분석을 수행한 연구이다. 주체, 환경, 자원 및 메커니즘 요인인 선택, 학습, 조정 메커니즘을 독립변수로 하여, 기업의 정성적, 정량적 경영성과에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 기업의 성장단계는 창업기, 성장기, 성숙기의 3단계로 구분하였으며, 6개의 연구가설을 제시하였다. 분석 결과 주체요인은 창업기와 성장기에서 기업의 정성적, 정량적 경영성과에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 갖는 것으로 분석되었으며, 환경 요인은 성장기와 성숙기에서 기업의 경영성과에 영향을 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 정부의 지원 요인은 성장기에서 정성적, 정량적 경영성과에 유의미한 정(+)의 영향을 보였으며,경쟁 강도 요인은 성숙기에서 기업의 정성적 경영성과에 유의미한 부(-)의 영향이 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 자원 요인은 성장기에서 정량적 경영성과에 부(-)의 영향을 보였으며, 이는 기존의 자원기반관점의 연구와 대조되는 연구 결과이다. 선택 메커니즘 요인은 성장기에서 정성적 경영성과에 p=0.1 수준에서 유의미한 영향을 미쳤으나 p=0.05 수준에서는 유의미하지 않은 것으로 분석되었다. 학습 메커니즘의 경우 성장단계에서 정량적 경영성과에 부(-)의 영향을 보였으며, 조정 메커니즘 요인은 성숙기에 정성적 경영성과에 부(-)의 영향을 갖는 것으로 분석되었다. This study conducted a regression analysis on 75 IT-based firms in order to identify the determinants of the firms’ performance throughout the stages of business growth. Subject, environment, resource and mechanism-based factors were used as independent variables while the firms' tangible and intangible performance was used as dependent variables. The business growth stages were classified into start-up, growth, and maturity for the control variable. In this study, 6 research hypotheses were represented in association with the research purposes. Analysis results showed that the subject factor had a significant positive effect on both tangible and intangible performance in start-up and growth stages.Environment-related factors were associated with the firms' performance in growth and maturity stages. Government supports had positive impact on both tangible and intangible business records in the growth stage. The intensity of competition had significant negative effect on the firms' intangible performance in the maturity stage. The resource factor was analyzed to have negative effect on the firms' tangible performance in the growth stage; however the evidence failed to support the hypothesis related to the resource-based factor. Selecting mechanism factor was significant for intangible performance in the growth stage where p=0.1, however the same research hypothesis was not supported by evidence in p=0.05 level. Learning mechanism also had a significant negative impact on tangible business performance in the growth stage and coordinating mechanism factor had a negative effect on intangible performance in the maturity stage.

플라즈마 화학기상증착법을 이용한다층 그래핀의 저온합성과 성장 메커니즘

윤가영 ( Kayoung Yun ),정다솔 ( Dasol Cheang ),현지연 ( Jiyeon Hyun ),노애란 ( Aeran Roh ),허선 ( Sun Heo ),( Lanxia Cheng ),( Jiyong Kim ),차필령 ( Pil Ryung Cha ),이재갑 ( Jagab Lee ),남호석 ( Ho Seok Nam ) 대한금속재료학회(구 대한금속학회) 2015 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.53 No.11

Multi-layer graphene is considered to be a potential replacement of copper wiring for LSI (large-scale integration). PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) is one of the most reliable synthesis techniques to manufacture high-quality, large-scale graphene at low temperature. Compared with thermal CVD graphene, the relatively lower quality of PECVD graphene is its main drawback. In order to suggest a solution for this problem, we studied the growth mechanism of multi-layer graphene deposited onto nickel by PECVD at 400 ℃. We found that both segregation and solution-precipitation models affect the growth behavior of multi-layer graphene. To support this, we analyzed the influences of Ni-film thickness, cooling rate, and plasma energy on multi-layer graphene growth. The results from this study would be useful for optimizing graphene growth conditions for many applications.

SLS(Solid-Liquid-Solid) 성장기구에 의한 탄화규소 나노튜브의 성장

노대호,김재수,변동진,양재웅,김나리,Rho Dae-Ho,Kim Jae-Soo,Byun Dong-Jin,Yang Jae-Woong,Kim Na-Ri 한국재료학회 2004 한국재료학회지 Vol.14 No.2

SiC nanotubes were synthesized by SLS growth mechanism using various metal catalysts. Synthesized nanotubes had mean diameters of 20~50 nm and several $\mu\textrm{m}$ length. The kind of catalysts affected microstructures of SiC nanotubes by different diffusion routes. These differences are attributed to catalysts' physical properties and relative activities to the graphite substrate. Fe acted as a good catalyst of SLS growth mechanism. But in case of Ni, SiC nanotubes grew slowly. Optical property was measured by photoluminescence measurement. Relatively broad peak was obtained and mean peak positioned at about 430 nm. This result was the same as other nanocrystalline SiC materials, but was different from the results of bulk SiC probably due to quantum confinement effect and defect in the grown SiC nanotube.