가솔린엔진 운행자동차 배기 배출물에 미치는 튜닝 흡기 및 배기 시스템의 효과에 관한 연구

배명환,구영진,박희성 대한기계학회 2019 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.43 No.5

The purpose of this study is to obtain the basic data of engine tuning inspection by confirming the working possibility of effective engine tuning and identifying the characteristics of tuned engine that are no safety and environmental problems in a driving car of gasoline engine. The actual driving car with a four-cycle, four-cylinder DOHC, turbo-intercooler, water-cooled gasoline engine operating under four types of non-tuning, and tuning 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3 was applied to investigate the effects of tuned engine on the characteristics of excess air ratio and exhaust emissions by the low speed idle and acceleration simulation mode inspections. The tuned parts of gasoline engine in a driving car include the intake manifold, intake pipe, air filter, exhaust manifold, exhaust pipe and silencer. It was found that the measured values of CO emission, THC emissions and excess air ratio by the low speed idle inspection method, and NOX, CO and THC emissions by the acceleration simulation mode inspection method for the gasoline non-tuned and tuned engines of driving car were all satisfied with the inspection standard without any environmental problems. However, the measured values of tuned engine were greater than those of non-tuned engine. 본 연구의 목적은 가솔린엔진 운행자동차에 있어서 안전과 환경에 문제가 없는 효과적인 엔진튜닝의 작업가능성을 확인하고, 튜닝엔진의 특징을 파악하여 엔진튜닝 검사의 기초자료를 확보하는 것이다. 저속 공회전 및 정속 모드 검사에 의해 공기과잉률 및 배기 배출물을 측정해 튜닝엔진의 효과를 조사하기 위하여 4행정, 4기통 DOHC, 터보 인터쿨러, 수냉 가솔린엔진에 대한 비튜닝 및 튜닝 2-1, 2-2, 2-3의 4종류를 실제 운행자동차에 적용하였다. 운행자동차에 대한 가솔린엔진의 튜닝부분은 흡기 다기관, 흡기 파이프, 공기필터, 배기 다기관, 배기 파이프 및 소음기이다. 운행자동차 가솔린 비튜닝 및 튜닝 엔진에 대해 저속 공회전 검사방법에 의한 CO 배출물, THC 배출물 및 공기과잉률과 정속모드 검사방법에 의한 NOX, CO 및 THC 배출물 측정값은 모두 환경에 대한 문제가 없이 검사기준에 만족하였지만, 이 측정값들은 튜닝엔진의 경우가 비튜닝엔진보다 더 증가되었음을 알았다.

Influence of the mixture of gasoline and diesel fuels on droplet atomization, combustion, and exhaust emission characteristics in a compression ignition engine

Park, S.H.,Youn, I.M.,Lim, Y.,Lee, C.S. Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co 2013 Fuel processing technology Vol.106 No.-

The purpose of this study was to investigate the fuel properties, droplet atomization, combustion performance, and exhaust emission characteristics of gasoline-diesel direct blended fuels in a four-cylinder diesel engine. The gasoline fuel was blended as a volumetric fraction of conventional diesel fuel. The droplet size of test fuels was measured using a phase Doppler particle analyzer (PDPA), and the combustion and emission characteristics were investigated for a four-cylinder diesel engine with a common-rail injection system and emission analyzer. In this study we found that increasing the gasoline volume fraction decreased the fuel density, kinematic viscosity, and surface tension. The temperature for 10% distillation (T10) decreased as the gasoline fraction increased. The blending of gasoline caused a decrease in droplet size by increasing the small droplets and decreasing the large droplets because the surface tension decreased with the addition gasoline fuel, thereby inducing an increase in droplet instability. On the other hand, gasoline blending resulted in an extension of the ignition delay and the formation of a more homogeneous mixture. These combustion characteristics caused the simultaneous reduction of ISNOx and ISsoot. However, the ISHC and ISCO emissions were slightly increased. The difference in ISHC and ISCO emissions between pure diesel and gasoline blended diesel fuels decreased as the engine load increased. An increase in engine load diminished the effects of gasoline blending on combustion performance and exhaust emissions.

가솔린엔진 운행자동차 배기소음에 미치는 튜닝 흡기 및 배기 시스템의 효과에 관한 연구

배명환(Myung-whan Bae),구영진(Young Jin Ku),박희성(Hui-seong Park) 대한기계학회 2021 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.45 No.1

본 연구 목적은 가솔린엔진 운행자동차의 튜닝 특징을 파악하여 안전과 환경에 문제가 없는 엔진튜닝의 효과적인 작업가능성을 확인하고, 튜닝엔진 검사의 기초자료를 확보하기 위하여 저자들의 다른 논문에서 고찰한 성능 및 배기 배출물에 미치는 효과를 기반으로 배기소음 특성을 파악하는 것이다. 소음진동관리법에 따른 운행차 소음측정법에 의해 엔진회전수 및 차량속도에 대한 배기소음 특성에 미치는 튜닝엔진 효과를 조사하기 위하여 4행정, 4기통 DOHC, 터보 인터쿨러, 수냉 가솔린엔진을 5종류의 비튜닝 및 튜닝 2-1, 2-2, 2-3(close), 2-3(open)으로 해 운행자동차에 적용하였다. 가솔린엔진 운행자동차의 튜닝부분은 흡기 다기관, 흡기 파이프, 공기필터, 배기 다기관, 배기 파이프 및 소음기가 포함되었다. 소음진동관리법에 따른 운행차 소음측정법에 의한 비튜닝 및 튜닝 가솔린엔진 운행자동차의 배기소음 측정값이 검사기준에는 모두 만족되었지만, 튜닝에 의해 배기소음이 증가되고 있음을 알았다. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of exhaust noise based on the effects of performance and exhaust emissions discussed in the authors’ other papers to confirm the effective working possibility of engine tuning without problems in safety and the environment, and to obtain the basic data of the tuning engine inspection after investigating the tuning distinctions in a driving car of gasoline engine. The driving car with a four-cycle, four-cylinder DOHC, turbo-intercooler, water-cooled gasoline engine operating under five types of non-tuning, and tuning 2-1, 2-2, 2-3 (close) and 2-3 (open) was applied to investigate the effects of tuning engine on the characteristics of exhaust noises as the functions of engine and vehicle speeds by the noise measurement method of driving cars according to Noise and Vibration Control Act. The intake manifold, intake pipe, air filter, exhaust manifold, exhaust pipe and silencer were included in tuning parts for a driving car of gasoline engine. It was found that the measured values of exhaust noise for a driving car of non-tuning and tuning gasoline engines by the noise measurement method of driving cars according to Noise and Vibration Control Act met all the inspection criteria, but the exhaust noise values by tuning were increased.

Performance and combustion characteristics of a novel crank-rocker engine

Salah E. Mohammed,M. B. Baharom,A. Rashid A. Aziz 대한기계학회 2017 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.31 No.7

The performance and combustion characteristics of a novel internal combustion engine, called the crank-rocker, have been investigated experimentally. The engine specifications are gasoline-port injection, four-stroke, spark-ignition, and single-curved cylinder. The ignition timing was initially set at 8.6 0 CA BTDC, 1800 rpm based on a small conventional engine. The equivalence ratio, lambda (λ) was varied at rich, stoichiometric, and lean conditions. The entire tests were performed at six different engine speeds of 1800, 2000, 2200, 2400, 2600 and 2800 rpm, with each one operating at wide open throttle. The performance data such as indicated torque, indicated power, indicated specific fuel consumption, and indicated thermal efficiency were calculated. The combustion characteristics such as cylinder pressure, mass fraction burned, heat release rate, P-V diagram, and indicated mean effective pressure were also determined. The results obtained from the crank-rocker engine were compared with the experimental results obtained from the conventional engine (benchmark engine). The results showed that the indicated torque, power and thermal efficiency of crank-rocker engine is higher than normal slidercrank engine. The indicated torque and power increased by about 6.28 %, while the indicated specific fuel consumption is lower by 4.69 %. In general, the engine has similar indicated performance characteristics to the conventional engine, but the combustion characteristics differ because the peak values of the combustion pressure and heat release occur at higher crank angle ATDC. This was found to be due to the dwelling of piston at TDC. The combustion rate and mixture of the novel crank-rocker engine burned faster, resulting in shorter combustion duration and ignition delay period than the conventional slider-crank engine.

2L 급 가솔린엔진에서 엔진인캡슐레이션 적용에 따른 엔진 냉각수 및 오일 온도 특성

신윤섭 ( Yunsub Sin ),한상욱 ( Sangwook Han ),김충희 ( Chunghui Kim ),김현철 ( Hyunchul Kim ),이기동 ( Kidong Lee ) 한국액체미립화학회 2016 한국액체미립화학회 학술강연회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.-

In this paper, an experiment was conducted in order to understand the coolant and oil temperature characteristics with engine encapsulation in a 2L-class gasoline engine. The test condition was general operating condition for 2L-class gasoline vehicle. The results showed that warm-up characteristics of coolant and engine oil temperature were similar between the base engine and encapsulation applied engine. On the other hand, the coolant and engine oil temperature of the encapsulation applied engine were higher at the cool down condition.

운행 가솔린자동차 엔진성능에 미치는 튜닝 흡기 및 배기 시스템의 효과에 관한 연구

배명환(Myung-whan Bae),구영진(Young Jin Ku),박희성(Hui-seong Park) 대한기계학회 2017 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.41 No.11

본 연구의 목적은 운행자동차에 있어서 안전운행과 환경에 문제가 없는 효과적인 엔진튜닝의 작업가능성을 확인하고, 튜닝엔진의 특징을 파악하여 엔진튜닝 검사의 기초자료를 분석하는 것이다. 비튜닝 및 튜닝 엔진 2-1, 2-2, 2-3의 4종류에 대한 넓은 범위의 엔진회전수 하에서 4행정, 4기통 DOHC, 터보인터쿨러, 수냉 가솔린엔진의 실제 운행자동차를 사용하여 공연비 및 성능 특성에 미치는 튜닝엔진의 효과를 실험적으로 조사했다. 운행 가솔린자동차에 대한 엔진의 튜닝 부분은 흡기 다기관, 흡기 파이프, 공기필터, 배기 다기관, 배기 파이프 및 소음기를 포함한다. 1인이 탑승한 5단 자동변속기를 갖는 운행 가솔린자동차 비튜닝 및 튜닝 엔진의 공연비 및 토크는 차대 동력계(Dynojet 224xLC)에 의하여 실험에 의해 측정하였다. 운행 가솔린자동차 튜닝엔진의 최대 토크는 비튜닝엔진보다 평균 103.68% 만큼 증가되었고, 튜닝엔진의 최대 출력은 비튜닝엔진보다도 평균 119.68% 만큼 증가되었음을 알았다. The purpose of this study was to analyse the basic data of the engine tuning inspection by confirming the working possibility of effective engine tuning and identifying the characteristics of tuned engine that are no problem with the safety operation and environment in a driving gasoline car. The effects of tuned engine on the characteristics of air/fuel ratio and performance at a wide range of engine speeds were experimentally investigated by the actual driving car with a four-cycle, four-cylinder DOHC, turbo- intercooler, water-cooled gasoline engine operating under four types of non-tuning, and tuning 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3. The tuned parts of engine in a driving gasoline car include the intake manifold, intake pipe, air filter, exhaust manifold, exhaust pipe and silencer. In this experiment, the air-fuel ratio and torque of both non-tuned and tuned engines that one person took on board in the car with a five-speed automatic transmission were measured by the chassis dynamometer(Dynojet 224xLC). It was found that the maximum torque of tuned engine in a driving gasoline car was increased by 103.68% on average, while the maximum output was increased by 119.68% on average in comparison to the non-tuned engine.

COMBUSTION DEVELOPMENT OF A BI-FUEL ENGINE

O. S. ABIANEH,M. MIRSALIM2,F. OMMI 한국자동차공학회 2009 International journal of automotive technology Vol.10 No.1

Environmental improvement and energy issues are increasingly becoming more important as worldwide concerns. Natural gas is a good alternative fuel that can help to improve these issues because of its large quantity and clean burning characteristics. This paper provides the experimental performance results of a Bi-Fuel engine that uses Compressed Natural Gas as its Primary fuel and gasoline as its secondary fuel. This engine is a modification of the basic 1.4-liter gasoline engine. Generally, on the unmodified base engine, torque and power for CNG fuel are considerably lower than gasoline fuel. In this paper, the influence of fuels on wall temperature, performance and emissions are investigated. Environmental improvement and energy issues are increasingly becoming more important as worldwide concerns. Natural gas is a good alternative fuel that can help to improve these issues because of its large quantity and clean burning characteristics. This paper provides the experimental performance results of a Bi-Fuel engine that uses Compressed Natural Gas as its Primary fuel and gasoline as its secondary fuel. This engine is a modification of the basic 1.4-liter gasoline engine. Generally, on the unmodified base engine, torque and power for CNG fuel are considerably lower than gasoline fuel. In this paper, the influence of fuels on wall temperature, performance and emissions are investigated.

Influence of injector spray angle and gasoline-diesel blending ratio on the low load operation in a gasoline compression ignition (GCI) engine

Pinazzi, Pietro Matteo,Hwang, Joonsik,Kim, Donghoon,Foucher, Fabrice,Bae, Choongsik Elsevier 2018 Fuel Vol.222 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Advanced compression ignition (CI) engines relying on advanced combustion mode as partially premixed combustion (PPC) own potential for achieving efficient and clean operations. High octane fuels were identified as the most suitable propellant for such advanced CI engines. However, the high Octane Number (ON) of commercial gasoline limits the lowest achievable load under CI conditions. Increasing gasoline fuel reactivity at low load condition is a solution to overcome gasoline partially premixed combustion (PPC) issues at low load. This work reports the results of running a CI engine with such of three fuel blends: neat gasoline (G100) and two gasoline-diesel blends with a diesel content of 10% (G90) and 20% (G80). To investigate typical low load conditions, a fixed mass of 20 mg/cycle was delivered for all the fuels tested. For all the fuels, test were performed by using the custom 146° (UA146) umbrella angle diesel injector and a second injector with a 70° umbrella angle (UA70) . Ignition delay calculation were performed to support analysis of the results from the experiments. Results showed that improving the local mixture strength by using the narrower UA70 injector allowed to achieve gasoline auto-ignition without boosting or intake air heaters. Despite the low soot and nitrogen oxides (NO<SUB>x</SUB>) emission, gasoline combustion led to high CO and HC emissions. In the UA70 case, improving fuel reactivity by increasing the diesel content of the blend led to an increase of soot emissions without a substantial benefit in terms of CO and HC emissions. With the custom UA146 injector, reducing the ON by using the G90 and G80 fuel blends was necessary to achieve stable combustion. As a conclusion, results from experiments showed that the best fuel-injector combination for efficient low load operation with low emissions of NO<SUB>x</SUB> and Soot was provided by the UA146 injector and G90 blend.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> With custom UA146 injector, GPPC is not possible because of high ON and overleaning. </LI> <LI> UA70 avoided overleaning, enhanced reactivity, and allowed for low load GPPC. </LI> <LI> Narrow UA70 affected evaporation and mixing of less volatile diesel-gasoline blend. </LI> <LI> With UA146 injector, adding 10% of diesel reduced ON allowing PPC. </LI> <LI> Best efficiency-NO<SUB>x</SUB>-Soot performances were achieved with UA146 injector and G90 fuel. </LI> </UL> </P>

Effects of engine operating conditions on particle emissions of lean-burn gasoline direct-injection engine

Park, Cheolwoong,Lee, Sunyoup,Yi, Uihyung Elsevier 2016 ENERGY Vol.115 No.1

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Direct injection of fuel into the cylinder of an engine leads to the problem of particulate matter (PM) emissions. Lean-burn gasoline direct-injection (GDI) engines are known to emit higher levels of ultrafine particles than do conventional engines. The level of PM emissions by lean-burn GDI engines is unlikely to meet the EURO-VI emissions standards. In this study, the effects of combustion strategy and excess air ratio on the PM concentrations and particle size distribution were evaluated for a naturally aspirated lean-burn GDI engine. The engine operating conditions—including the fuel-air mixture and load—were varied in order to analyze the PM formation and the particle size distribution. The PM concentration was found to increase dramatically at an excess air ratio of 1.5, at which ratio lean combustion with a stratified mixture occurred. This was regarded as being the transition region between the premixed flames and the stratified mixture flames. Further, an increase in the excess air ratio to beyond 2.0 caused the PM concentration and particle number to increase again, possibly as a result of the relatively high ambient pressure and lower combustion temperature.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> PM mass concentration is higher at a lower load due to fuel wetting under stoichiometric condition. </LI> <LI> PM1 constitutes the largest proportion of the PM mass concentration of stratified mixture combustion. </LI> <LI> The frequency of particle collision for GDI engine is lower than that of the diffusion flame in a diesel engine. </LI> <LI> The PM concentration around an excess air ratio of 1.5 increases due to the insufficient excess air. </LI> <LI> Increasing the excess air ratio to more than 2.0 leads a re-increase in the PM concentration and PNs. </LI> </UL> </P>

가솔린-LP가스燃料가 單機筒 SI機關의 性能에 미치는 影響에 關한 實驗的 硏究

하재기 김천과학대학 1998 김천과학대학 논문집 Vol.24 No.-

This is a study to improve the performance of the SI engine. In this study, a existing gasoline was modified to a LPG-dedicated engine which can be operated with LPG. This modified model was tested with various load change, being compared with a gasoline engine, the results are as follows; 1. LPG-dedicated engine can be operated with better fuel economy (about 20~30%) and better thermal efficiency(about 10%). 2. The discharge density of hydrocarbon is not influenced by engine load, and carbon monoxide the is a lowest in the optimal combustion condition. 3. The attrition rate of lubricant does not change with load change, but gasoline engine is a little higher in lower load category.