수박 과실썩음병 병원균(Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli)에 대한 식물유래 항균 활성물질 탐색

노진택,최용화,Noh, Jin-Taek,Choi, Yong-Hwa 한국유기농업학회 2015 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.23 No.1

본 연구는 수박 과실썩음병의 원인균인 Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli 균에 대해서 항균활성을 갖는 친환경 유기농자재를 개발할 목적으로 약용식물 133종을 대상으로 진행되었다. 이들 133종 약용식물의 MeOH 추출물에 대한 bioassay를 통해 항균 활성을 검정한 결과 청피(Citrus unshiu Markovich) 추출물에서 강한 항균활성을 보였다. 청피(Citrus unshiu Markovich)로부터 항균활성물질을 구명하고자 용매분획을 하였고, 용매분획 중에서 hexane fraction이 가장 강한 활성을 나타내었다. Hexane fraction을 GC-MS로 분석하여 chromatogram상의 각각의 peak에 해당하는 mass spectrum과 Wiley library를 비교하여 profiling 한 결과, essential oil인 d-limonene, ${\gamma}$-terpinene, ${\beta}$-linalool, terpineol과 지방산인 palmitic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, linolenic acid 그리고 steroid 화합물인 stigmasterol이 검출되었다. 이들 검출화합물 중에서 항균 활성물질로 추정되는 d-limonene, ${\gamma}$-terpinene, ${\beta}$-linalool, terpineol의 항균 활성을 검정하기 위해 표준품을 사용하여 bioassay한 결과 두 화합물 d-limonene, ${\gamma}$-terpinene에서 높은 항균활성을 보였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 청피로부터 분리한 d-limonene과 ${\gamma}$-terpinene 화합물이 항균 활성물질인 것을 구명하였다. 항균력이 강한 청피 추출물 또는 d-limonene과 ${\gamma}$-terpinene을 주성분으로 하는 추출물을 수박 과실썩음병에 대한 친환경 방제용 자제로 개발이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다. 133 Species of medicinal plants were used for the development of natural agrichemicals with anti-microbial activity against Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli, a pathogen of bacterial fruit blotch in watermelon. The MeOH-extracts of these medicinal plants were examined for anti-microbial activity by bioassay. The MeOH-extract of Citrus unshiu Markovich had the strongest antibacterial activity against Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli. To identify anti-microbial compounds from Citrus unshiu Markovich, solvent-fractionation was used. The fraction of hexane, which showing the highest value of anti-microbial activity, was analyzed by GC-MS. Each mass spectra, corresponding to each peak of chromatogram, was compared to mass database of Wiley library. As a result, d-Limonene, ${\gamma}$-terpinene, ${\beta}$-linalool, terpineol, palmitic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, Linolenic acid, and stigmasterol were identified. Among them, d-Limonene, ${\gamma}$-terpinene, ${\beta}$-linalool, and terpineol confirmed to be shown the anti-microbial activity by bioassay. Especially, d-Limonene and ${\gamma}$-terpinene found to have strong activity. In conclusion, we thought d-limonene and ${\gamma}$-terpinene from Citrus unshiu Markovich. Latin, had anti-microbial activity against Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli and could be candidates for the control agents for the control of bacterial fruit blotch in watermelon.

수박 과실썩음병 병원균(Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli)에 대한 식물유래 항균 활성물질 탐색

노진택,최용화 한국유기농업학회 2015 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.23 No.1

본 연구는 수박 과실썩음병의 원인균인 Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli 균에 대해서 항균활성을 갖는 친환경 유기농자재를 개발할 목적으로 약용식물 133종을 대상으로 진행되었다. 이들 133종 약용식물의 MeOH 추출물에 대한 bioassay를 통해 항균 활성을 검정한 결과 청피(Citrus unshiu Markovich) 추출물에서 강한 항균활성을 보였다. 청피(Citrus unshiu Markovich)로부터 항균활성물질을 구명하고자 용매분획을 하였고, 용매분획 중에서 hexane fraction이 가장 강한 활성을 나타내었다. Hexane fraction을 GC-MS로 분석하여 chromatogram상의 각각의 peak에 해당하는 mass spectrum과 Wiley library를 비교하여 profiling 한 결과, essential oil인 d-limonene, γ-terpinene, β-linalool, terpineol과 지방산인 palmitic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, linolenic acid 그리고 steroid 화합물인 stigmasterol이 검출되었다. 이들 검출화합물 중에서 항균 활성물질로 추정되는 d-limonene, γ-terpinene, β-linalool, terpineol의 항균 활성을 검정하기 위해 표준품을 사용하여 bioassay한 결과 두 화합물 dlimonene, γ-terpinene에서 높은 항균활성을 보였다. 따라서 본 연구를 통해 청피로부터 분리한 d-limonene과 γ-terpinene 화합물이 항균 활성물질인 것을 구명하였다. 항균력이 강한 청피 추출물 또는 d-limonene과 γ-terpinene을 주성분으로 하는 추출물을 수박 과실썩음병에 대한 친환경 방제용 자제로 개발이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다. 133 Species of medicinal plants were used for the development of natural agrichemicals with anti-microbial activity against Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli, a pathogen of bacterial fruit blotch in watermelon. The MeOH-extracts of these medicinal plants were examined for anti-microbial activity by bioassay. The MeOH-extract of Citrus unshiu Markovich had the strongest antibacterial activity against Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli. To identify anti-microbial compounds from Citrus unshiu Markovich, solvent-fractionation was used. The fraction of hexane, which showing the highest value of anti-microbial activity, was analyzed by GC-MS. Each mass spectra, corresponding to each peak of chromatogram, was compared to mass database of Wiley library. As a result, d-Limonene, γ-terpinene, β-linalool, terpineol, palmitic acid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, Linolenic acid, and stigmasterol were identified. Among them, d-Limonene, γ-terpinene, β-linalool, and terpineol confirmed to be shown the anti-microbial activity by bioassay. Especially, d-Limonene and γ-terpinene found to have strong activity. In conclusion, we thought d-limonene and γ-terpinene from Citrus unshiu Markovich. Latin, had antimicrobial activity against Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli and could be candidates for the control agents for the control of bacterial fruit blotch in watermelon.

Improvement effects of a mixed extract of flowers of <i>Pueraria thomsonii</i> Benth. and peels of <i>Citrus unshiu</i> Markovich on postmenopausal symptoms of ovariectomized mice

Han, Na-Ra,Nam, Sun-Young,Hong, Sungwei,Kim, Hee-Yun,Moon, Phil-Dong,Kim, Hyeong-Jin,Cho, Hosong,Lee, Boyoung,Kim, Hyung-Min,Jeong, Hyun-Ja Elsevier 2018 BIOMEDICINE AND PHARMACOTHERAPY Vol.103 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P><B>Background</B></P> <P>Menopausal hot flushes occur frequently in postmenopausal women. In the present study, we investigated a regulatory effect of a mixed extract of flowers of <I>Pueraria thomsonii</I> Benth. and peels of <I>Citrus unshiu</I> Markovich (PCE17), an extract of flowers of <I>Pueraria thomsonii</I> Benth. (PE), an extract of peels of <I>Citrus unshiu</I> Markovich (CE), a mixture of tectorigenin 7-<I>O</I>-xylosylglucoside, tectoridin, and tectorigenin (Tec, the active compounds of PE), and hesperidin (Hes, an active compound of CE) on menopausal hot flushes.</P> <P><B>Methods</B></P> <P>We examined the anti-hot flushes properties of PCE17, PE, CE, Tec, or Hes using a mouse model of ovariectomy-induced hot flushes.</P> <P><B>Results</B></P> <P>The ovariectomy-induced rise in the tail skin temperature was significantly prevented by PCE17, PE, CE, Tec, or Hes. PCE17, PE, CE, Tec, or Hes significantly enhanced 5-HT levels and attenuated RANKL levels in the hypothalamus of ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Treatment with PCE17, PE, CE, Tec, or Hes significantly enhanced the levels of estrogen receptor (ER)-β, 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, and tryptophan hydroxylase mRNA expression in the hypothalamus of OVX mice. PCE17, PE, or CE decreased follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels, but did not increase estrogen levels in the serum of OVX mice. Tec or Hes decreased FSH or LH levels and increased estrogen levels. Treatment with PCE17, PE, CE, or Tec ameliorated vaginal atrophy in OVX mice. Finally, PCE17, PE, CE, Tec, or Hes significantly increased norepinephrine and dopamine levels in the hypothalamus of OVX mice.</P> <P><B>Conclusion</B></P> <P>Thus, these results imply that PCE17 has protective effects against hot flushes.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> PCE17 prevented a rise in the tail skin temperature of OVX mice. </LI> <LI> PCE17 regulated the levels of 5-HT, RANKL, 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, TPH, and MAO in OVX mice. </LI> <LI> PCE17 ameliorated vaginal atrophy in OVX mice. </LI> <LI> PCE17 has protective effects against hot flushes. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

진피의 수치 조건에 따른 성분 및 항산화 활성 변화

차배천 한국생약학회 2015 생약학회지 Vol.46 No.1

Processing of medicinal plants is one of the processing methods for reducing of toxicity or improving of effect on medicinal plants. In this study, we studied the changes in the constituents and antioxidant activity in accordance with the processing conditions by the salt water of Citrus unshiu Markovich. Changes in antioxidant activity was measured by the DPPH method and changes in the components were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. As a result, the content of the main constituents (narirutin, hesperidin) and total polyphenol were increased by increasing the concentration of salt water. Moreover, antioxidant activity was increased gradually in proportion to the increase of the total polyphenol content.

청피 추출물이 식중독 유발 미생물의 증식에 미치는 영향

배지현,박효은,배희정 한국조리과학회 2005 한국식품조리과학회지 Vol.21 No.1

This study was performed to investigate the antimicrobial effects of the Citrus unshiu Markovich extracts against food-borne pathogens. First, the Citrus unshiu Markovich was extracted with methanol at room tempetsture, and fractionation of the methanol extracts from Citrus unshiu Markovich was carried out by using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol. The antimicrobial activity of the Citrus unshiu Markovich extracts was determined using the paper disc method against food-borne pathogens and food spoilage bacteria. The ethyl acetate extracts ofCitrus unshiu Markovich showed the highest antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus and Shigella sonnei. A synergistic effect was found in combined extracts of Citrus unshiu Markovich and ffedyotis diffusa Willd as compared to each extract alone.Finally. the growth inhibition curve was determined using ethyl acetate extracts of Citrus unshiu Markovich against Bacillus cereus and Shigella simnel. The ethyl acetate extract of Citrus unshiu Markovich showed strong antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus at due concentration of 5,000 ppm. The 5.000 ppm of ethyl acetate extract from Citrus unshiu Markovich retarded the growth of Bacillus cereus more than 24 hours and Shigella sonnet up to 24 hours. The ethyl acetate extracts of Citrus unshiu Markovich have shown an antimicrobial effect against Bacillus cereus and Shigella sonnei.

진피 분말 첨가 쿠키의 품질 특성 연구

임은정 동아시아식생활학회 2023 동아시아식생활학회지 Vol.33 No.6

. This study examined the physical and sensory properties of cookies prepared by adding Citrus unshiu Markovich peel powder at ratios of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of the flour mass to expand the use of the peel. The color values of the cookies prepared with Citrus unshiu M. peel powder showed a decrease in the ‘L’ and ‘b’ values and an increase in ‘a’ value with an increase in the amount of powder added. When the amount of Citrus unshiu M. peel powder added increased, the moisture content of the cookies increased significantly. The spreadability of the cookies did not vary significantly between the control and all the experimental groups and hence, the significance could not be confirmed. Baking loss and expansion rate were significantly increased in the experimental group of cookies made with the addition of 20% Citrus unshiu M. peel powder (p<0.05). The hardness was highest in the control group, and the hardness of the cookies decreased significantly when the percentage of Citrus unshiu M. peel powder added increased. The sensory evaluation showed that color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall palatability were highest for the cookies with 10% and 15% peel powder additives and lowest for the control. Thus, the sensory evaluation showed that the addition of the Citrus unshiu M. peel powder improved the preference for the cookies. In conclusion, the physical and sensory properties of cookies prepared with various percentages of Citrus unshiu M. peel powder were examined, and it was found that the addition of 10% and 15% peel powder satisfied the requirements of both the physical and sensory properties of the cookies.

저장 기간에 따른 귤피(橘皮) Ethanol 추출물의 간 보호효과

노규표 ( Gyu Pyo Noh ),조일제 ( Il Je Cho ),박정아 ( Chung A Park ),김상찬 ( Sang Chan Kim ),변성희 ( Sung Hui Byun ),박숙자 ( Sook Jahr Park ) 대구한의대학교 제한동의학술원 2016 제한동의학술원논문집 Vol.14 No.1

Objectives : This study aimed to investigate the change of hepatoprotective activity depending on the storage period of CEE (ethanol extract of Citrus unshiu Markovich epicarp). Methods : Citrus unshiu Markovich epicarp was washed, sliced and dried for 7 days at room temperature, and it was considered as zero month time. Citrus unshiu Markovich epicarp was further stored for 2, 4 and 6 months in the dry oven, which was set to 30℃. Hepatotoxicity was induced by exposing HepG2 cells to 100 μM cadmium for 3 hours. Cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Results : CEE showed hepatoprotective effect better than water extract of Citrus unshiu Markovich epicarp in cadmium-treated HepG2 cells. Thus, we performed the cytoprotective efficacy experiment using CEE. Significant hepatoprotective activity was found in the all concentrations of CEE used in the experiment (10, 30, 100 ㎍/㎖). Depending on the prolonged storage period, CEE showed slightly weak hepatoprotective effect on average. However, there was no statistical significance in the change of hepatoprotective effect. Conclusions : CEE showed dose-dependent hepatoprotective activity, and the significant difference in activity over storage time was not found. In conclusion, CEE can be used without change in activity, even if stored for 6 months at room temperature. In addition, the storage time of more than 6 months is recommended, to determine that the activity of Citrus unshiu Markovich epicarp is better depending on the storage period.

미숙감귤의 항산화 및 항노화 활성에 대한 평가

최문열 ( Moon-yeol Choi ),박해진 ( Hae-jin Park ),김재수 ( Jae Soo Kim ),김미려 ( Mi Ryeo Kim ) 대한본초학회 2021 大韓本草學會誌 Vol.36 No.1

Objective : This study was designed to investigate effect of immature fruits from Citrus unshiu Markovich to mature them on antioxidative and antiaging-related enzyme activities in vitro. Methods : Fruits from Open field-cultivated C. unshiu Markovich (ripe and unripe fruits of Citri) made a purchase in Jeju island. We measured total polyphenol and flavonoid contents in mature C. unshiu Markovich (MC) and immature C. unshiu Markovich (IMC) 70% ethanol extract. DPPH free radical, ABTS radical, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities in both extracts were determined. Also, reducing power, SOD-like activities, elastase inhibition, and collagenase inhibition activities of these extract were assayed at 5, 1, 0.5, and 0.1 ㎎/㎖. Results : The total polyphenol contents in the ethanol extract of IMC were higher than those of MC (26.99 ± 0.89 ㎎/TAEg). And total flavonoid contents in them were very similar to both extract (MC; 7.25 ± 0.4 ㎎/RUEg and IMC; 7.44 ± 0.18 ㎎/RUEg). DPPH free radical scavenging activities, ABTS radical scavenging capacity, reducing power, and SOD-like activities of IMC-treated group showed significant increase compared to those of MC group in all treated concentrations. Particularly, DPPH free radical scavenging and elastase inhibition activities in IMC-treated group at 5 ㎎/㎖ showed similar with positive control group. Besides, IMC extract at 5 ㎎/㎖ concentration surpassed positive control (BHA or Vit. C) in SOD-like activities and ABTS radical scavenging capacity. Conclusion : These results suggest that IMC ethanol extract may be used as a natural antioxidant and a antiaging material for development of functional foods and cosmeceuticals.

The Inhibitory Effects of Citrus unshiu Markovich Extracts on the Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-Kappa-B Ligand-Mediated Osteoclast Differentiation and Function

백종민,민정열,김주영,윤권하,최민규,오재민,이명수 한국식품과학회 2015 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.24 No.5

Ingestion of Citrus unshiu Markovich (CUM) has been widely used as an alternative therapy for thousands years in Korean traditional medicine. Both anti-osteoclastic actions of CUM extracts (CUME) and the possibility for development as a healthy food product were investigated. CUME significantly (p<0.05) and dose-dependently diminished the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa- B ligand (RANKL)-induced formation of tartrate resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP)-positive osteoclasts. At the molecular level, CUME interrupted osteoclastogenesis based on selective stimulation of ERK and Akt activation. CUME caused down-regulation of osteoclast-specific marker gene expression derived from impairment of c-Fos and nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) activation. Treatment with CUME caused localization failure of filamentous actin (F-actin) rings during cellularization and, subsequently, mature osteoclasts suffered malfunction of osteolytic activity. CUME has potential for prevention of osteoporosis.

교모세포종 암줄기세포에 대한 진피 소수성 추출물의 항암 활성

김유진,심예은,정혜진 한국식품과학회 2022 한국식품과학회지 Vol.54 No.1

Glioblastoma is the most common primary malignant brain tumor and has an extremely poor prognosis. Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) contribute to tumor initiation, recurrence, and resistance to therapy, and are thus a key therapeutic target. The peel of Citrus unshiu Markovich has been used in traditional medicine in East Asia to treat various diseases. In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity and molecular mechanism of the chloroform extract of this natural product (CECU) in U87MG GSCs. The results show that CECU inhibited the proliferation, tumorsphere formation, and migration of U87MG GSCs by causing cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase and apoptosis. In addition, CECU downregulated key cancer stemness regulators, including CD133, Oct4, Nanog, integrin α6, ALDH1A1, and STAT3 signaling in U87MG GSCs. Furthermore, CECU significantly suppressed in vivo tumor growth of U87MG GSCs in a chorioallantoic membrane model. Therefore, CECU can be utilized as a natural medicine for the prevention and treatment of glioblastoma.