A novel taping therapy for chronic insomnia: A report on two cases

Lee, B.H.,Han, C.H.,Park, H.J.,Lee, Y.J.,Hwang, H.S. Churchill Livingstone 2013 Complementary therapies in medicine Vol.21 No.5

Objectives: Here, we report two cases of chronic insomnia treated satisfactorily by re-using of patients' bioelectricity. Patients: First was a 46 years old male who had taken drugs for several years and depression drug for one year. He had heart beat and felt pressure pain on almost of chest. Second was a 64 years old male who had taken drugs for one year. In spite of the medication, he could not sleep at all and had glint eyes. Interventions: Method of treatment is to put the medical tape (Chimsband) on acupoints and pressure pain points in the chest, which can be traced down by finger pressing examination. Results: In the first case, the patient escaped from the medications after three weeks. Following seven weeks, depression was reduced remarkably. In the second case, the glint of eyes returned to normal after two treatments. After three treatments, the sleeping time was lengthened to 4h. Conclusions: First, pressing chest can be used for tracing neurological symptoms; second, when the bioelectricity of the patient reacts to Chimsband, the symptoms could be ameliorated; third, there is a relationship between treating the neurological symptoms such as insomnia and attenuating pressure pain.

생체전류가 침 치료에 미치는 영향; 예비연구 - 심박수에 대한 내관(內關) 자침 효과를 중심으로-

이봉효 ( Bong Hyo Lee ),박지하 ( Ji Ha Park ),김희영 ( Hee Young Kim ),김성록 ( Seong Rok Kim ),박여빈 ( Yeo Bin Park ),온예진 ( Ye Jin On ),이승수 ( Seung Su Lee ),이창욱 ( Chang Wook Lee ),한수연 ( Soo Yeon Han ),임성철 ( Sung C 경락경혈학회 2013 Korean Journal of Acupuncture Vol.30 No.3

Objectives: Many studies have investigated the electric specificity of meridian and acupoint. However, the definition about the real substance of ``Ki(Qi)`` that flows in the meridian has not been established yet. The authors hypothesized that the ``Ki(Qi)`` may be the very ``bioelectricity`` of western medicine, from two common features that they are not visible with naked eyes and that they function in the living body only. Methods: 20 healthy adults participated in this study. Heart rate was measured before and after exercise. Acupuncture was performed at PC6 immediately after exercise with counter balance in the first experiment. In the second experiment, acupuncture group was further divided to the three groups, i.e. glove acupuncture group, manual acupuncture group, and NaCl acupuncture group. In the glove group, acupuncturist put on the two folds of latex gloves to block bioelectric currents between the acupuncturist and subject. In the NaCl group, acupuncturist had his fingertips wet with NaCl solution. Results : Exercise increased Heart Rate and acupuncture at PC6 inhibited this increase. In the second experiment, the significant difference compared to the comtrol group was the most in NaCl acupuncture and the least in Glove acupuncture. However, there was no significant difference between three groups. Conclusions : The results of this study seem to be deficient as a conclusive evidence for the hypothesis that the ``Ki(Qi)`` of Korean Medicine is the ``bioelectricity`` of western medicine.

Bioelectricity Production From Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Hydrolysate Using Microbial Fuel Cell

Suraini ABD-AZIZ,Mohd Azwan JENOL,Mohamad Faizal IBRAHIM,Ezyana Kamal BAHRIN 한국생물공학회 2017 한국생물공학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.4

Direct Extraction of Photosynthetic Electrons from Single Algal Cells by Nanoprobing System

Ryu, WonHyoung,Bai, Seoung-Jai,Park, Joong Sun,Huang, Zubin,Moseley, Jeffrey,Fabian, Tibor,Fasching, Rainer J.,Grossman, Arthur R.,Prinz, Fritz B. American Chemical Society 2010 NANO LETTERS Vol.10 No.4

<P>There are numerous sources of bioenergy that are generated by photosynthetic processes, for example, lipids, alcohols, hydrogen, and polysaccharides. However, generally only a small fraction of solar energy absorbed by photosynthetic organisms is converted to a form of energy that can be readily exploited. To more efficiently use the solar energy harvested by photosynthetic organisms, we evaluated the feasibility of generating bioelectricity by directly extracting electrons from the photosynthetic electron transport chain before they are used to fix CO<SUB>2</SUB> into sugars and polysaccharides. From a living algal cell, <I>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</I>, photosynthetic electrons (1.2 pA at 6000 mA/m<SUP>2</SUP>) were directly extracted without a mediator electron carrier by inserting a nanoelectrode into the algal chloroplast and applying an overvoltage. This result may represent an initial step in generating “high efficiency” bioelectricity by directly harvesting high energy photosynthetic electrons.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2010/nalefd.2010.10.issue-4/nl903141j/production/images/medium/nl-2009-03141j_0007.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl903141j'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Effects of electron donors and acceptors in generating bioelectrical energy using microbial fuel cells

Gurung, Anup,Oh, Sang-Eun The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture 2012 한국환경농학회지 Vol.31 No.1

BACKGROUND: In recent years, microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have emerged as a promising technology for recovering renewable energy from waste biomass, especially wastewater. In this study, the possibility of bioelectricity generation in two chambered mediator-less microbial fuel cells (MFCs) was successfully demonstrated using fermentable and non-fermentable substrates. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two different electron acceptors have been tested in the cathode chamber for the effects of reducing agent on the power generation in MFCs. The average voltages of $0.26{\pm}0.014$ V and $0.36{\pm}0.02$ V were achieved with acetate using oxygen and potassium ferricyanide as reducing agent, respectively. Similarly, with glucose the average voltages of $0.256{\pm}0.05$ V and $0.340{\pm}0.04$ V were obtained using oxygen and ferricyanide, respectively. Using potassium ferricyanide as the reducing agent, the power output increases by 39 and 43% with acetate and glucose, respectively, as compared to the dissolved oxygen. Slightly higher coulombic efficiency (CE%) was obtained in acetate as compared to MFCs operated with glucose. The maximum power densities of 124 mW/$m^2$ and 204 mW/$m^2$ were obtained using dissolved oxygen and $K_3Fe(CN)_6$, respectively. CONCLUSION(s): This study demonstrates that power generation from the MFCs can be influenced significantly by the different types of catholyte. Relatively higher CE was obtained with $K_3Fe(CN)_6$. Thus, application of $K_3Fe(CN)_6$ as the catholyte can be vital for scaling uppower generation from the MFCs forreal time applications.

Bioelectricity Generation Using a Crosslinked Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and Chitosan (CS) Ion Exchange Membrane in Microbial Fuel Cell

Badillo-Cardoso Jonathan,Minsoo Kim,Jung Rae Kim The Korean Electrochemical Society 2023 Journal of electrochemical science and technology Vol.14 No.4

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are a bioelectrochemical system where electrochemically active bacteria convert organic waste into electricity. Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and chitosan (CS) are polymers that have been studied as potential alternative ion exchange membranes to Nafion for many electrochemical systems. This study examined the optimal mixing ratio of PVA and chitosan CS in a PVA:CS composite membrane for MFC applications. PVA:CS composite membranes with 1:1, 2:1, and 3:1 ratios were synthesized and tested. The water uptake and ion exchange capacity, Fourier transform infrared spectra, and scanning electron microscopy images were analyzed to determine the physicochemical properties of PVA:CS membranes. The prepared membranes were applied to the ion exchange membrane of the MFC system, and their effects on the electrochemical performance were evaluated. These results showed that the composite membrane with a 3:1 (PVA:CS) ratio showed comparable performance to the commercialized Nafion membrane and produced more electricity than the other synthesized membranes. The PVA:CS membrane implemented MFCs produced a maximum power density of 0.026 mW cm^-2 from organic waste with stable performance. Therefore, it can be applied to a cost-effective MFC system.

Effects of electron donors and acceptors in generating bioelectrical energy using microbial fuel cells

( Anup Gurung ),( Sang Eun Oh ) 한국환경농학회 2012 한국환경농학회지 Vol.31 No.1

BACKGROUND: In recent years, microbial fuel cells (MFCs) have emerged as a promising technology for recovering renewable energy from waste biomass, especially wastewater. In this study, the possibility of bioelectricity generation in two chambered mediator-less microbial fuel cells (MFCs) was successfully demonstrated using fermentable and non-fermentable substrates. METHODS AND RESULTS: Two different electron acceptors have been tested in the cathode chamber for the effects of reducing agent on the power generation in MFCs. The average voltages of 0.26±0.014 V and 0.36±0.02 V were achieved with acetate using oxygen and potassium ferricyanide as reducing agent, respectively. Similarly, with glucose the average voltages of 0.256±0.05 V and 0.340±0.04 V were obtained using oxygen and ferricyanide, respectively. Using potassium ferricyanide as the reducing agent, the power output increases by 39 and 43% with acetate and glucose, respectively, as compared to the dissolved oxygen. Slightly higher coulombic efficiency (CE%) was obtained in acetate as compared to MFCs operated with glucose. The maximum power densities of 124 mW/m2 and 204 mW/m2 were obtained using dissolved oxygen and K3Fe(CN)6, respectively. CONCLUSION(s): This study demonstrates that power generation from the MFCs can be influenced significantly by the different types of catholyte. Relatively higher CE was obtained with K3Fe(CN)6. Thus, application of K3Fe(CN)6 as the catholyte can be vital for scaling uppower generation from the MFCs forreal time applications.

Bioelectricity production in photosynthetic microbial desalination cells under different flow configurations

Bahareh Kokabian,Renotta Smith,John P. Brooks,Veera Gnaneswar Gude 한국공업화학회 2018 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.58 No.-

This study presents the first report on the performance of Photosynthetic microbial desalination cells under different flow configurations. Three different photosynthetic MDCs (using Chlorella vulgaris) were evaluated for their performance and energy generation potentials. Static (fed-batch, SPMDC), continuous flow (CFPMDC) and a photobioreactor MDC (PBMDC, resembling lagoon type PMDCs) were developed to study the impact of process operation and design on wastewater treatment, electricity generation, nutrient removal, and biomass production capacities. A maximum power density of 753.75 mW m−3 was produced in a SPMDC while a higher biomass growth rate of 7 mg L−1 h−1 was recorded for CFPMDC. In addition, PMDCs showed high removal rates of organic carbon and nutrient compounds. Experimental studies revealed that PMDCs can be configured to maximize energy recovery through either biomass or bioelectricity production. Finally, microbial composition analysis on different biosolids samples in the PMDCs revealed very diverse groups of microbial communities.

Sulfate-reducing mixed communities with the ability to generate bioelectricity and degrade textile diazo dye in microbial fuel cells

Miran, Waheed,Jang, Jiseon,Nawaz, Mohsin,Shahzad, Asif,Lee, Dae Sung Elsevier 2018 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.352 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The biotreatment of recalcitrant wastes in microbial fuel cells (MFCs) rather than chemical, physical, and advanced oxidation processes is a low-cost and eco-friendly process. In this study, sulfate-reducing mixed communities in MFC anodic chamber were employed for simultaneous electricity generation, dye degradation, and sulfate reduction. A power generation of 258 ± 10 mW/m<SUP>2</SUP> was achieved under stable operating conditions in the presence of electroactive sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB). The SRBs dominant anodic chambers result in dye, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and sulfate removal of greater than 85% at an initial COD (as lactate)/SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2−</SUP> mass ratio of 2.0 and dye concentration of 100 mg/L. The effects of the COD/SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2−</SUP> ratio (5.0:1.0–0.5:1.0) and initial diazo dye concentration (100–1000 mg/L) were studied to evaluate and optimize the MFC performance. Illumina Miseq technology for bacterial community analysis showed that <I>Proteobacteria</I> (89.4%)<I>, Deltaproteobacteria</I> (52.7%)<I>, and Desulfovibrio</I> (48.2%) were most dominant at phylum, class, and genus levels, respectively, at the MFC anode. Integration of anaerobic SRB culture in MFC bioanode for recalcitrant chemical removal and bioenergy generation may lead to feasible option than the currently used technologies in terms of overall pollutant treatment.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> SRB culture was enriched and inoculated in MFC for textile wastewater treatment. </LI> <LI> Successful current generation and organic, sulfate, and dye reduction was achieved. </LI> <LI> High dye concentration and low COD/SO<SUB>4</SUB> <SUP>2−</SUP> ratio negatively affected MFC performance. </LI> <LI> <I>Proteobacteria</I> (phylum) and <I>desulfovibrio</I> (genus) were most abundant at the anode. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Biowaste-to-bioenergy using biological methods – A mini-review

Bhatia, Shashi Kant,Joo, Hwang-Soo,Yang, Yung-Hun Elsevier 2018 Energy conversion and management Vol.177 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The continued production of waste is creating management problems. The use of traditional waste management methods, such as incineration and landfill, releases gases that may cause global warming. Energy demand is also increasing rapidly owing to the rapid increase in population and industrialization. To meet this ever-increasing demand, access to clean and green energy is essential for the sustainable development of human society. These two challenges, if managed scientifically using biowaste to bioenergy (BtB) technology, can provide solutions for one another. In this article, we reviewed the strategies for and status of BtB technology (anaerobic digestion, transesterification, and microbial fuel cells) used to convert various biowastes (forest and agriculture residue, animal wastes, and municipal wastes) into bioenergy (biogas, biodiesel, bioalcohol, and bioelectricity). The participation of researchers, scientists, government agencies, and stakeholders is needed to increase the feasibility of these technologies.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Biowaste-to-bioenergy technology is a possible solution to fulfill energy demand. </LI> <LI> This technology will not only solve energy problem but also help to manage biowaste. </LI> <LI> There is need to develop an integrated process to get more revenue from biowaste. </LI> <LI> To compete with other energy source this technology need government policy and subsidies. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>