교회 내 또래상담 프로그램의 개발과 적용을 위한 목회상담학적 접근

정혜연 한국실천신학회 2024 신학과 실천 Vol.- No.89

목회상담은 목회상담사가 교회의 위임을 받아 어려움을 호소하는 성도들을 돌보고 하나님의 형상으로 나아가도록 돕는 목회활동의 한 부분이다. 목회자인 목회상담사는 목회활동과 목회상담을 병행하며 성도들의 영적 성숙과 성장을 위해 노력한다. 목회상담은 일반상담과 달리 목회자 한 명이 또는 소수의 목회자가 다수의 성도들을 돌보고 상담하는 특수한 형태의 상담이라고 할 수 있다. 목회상담사는 하나님의 부르심을 따라 목회활동과 목회상담에 순종한다. 하지만 코로나 대유행 이후 심리적 불편감을 호소하는 사람들이 증가함에 따라 소수의 목회자가 다수의 성도들을 상담하고 돌보는 것은 어려운 상황인 것으로 생각된다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 코로나 대유행 이후 급증할 것으로 예상되는 교회 내 상담 수요에 대한 목회상담적 대안으로서 교회 내 또래상담 프로그램의 개발을 제안하고 적용가능성을 고찰하는 것이다. 이를 위해 본 연구는 먼저 선행연구를 통해 목회상담의 개념, 목회상담자의 자질, 목회상담의 목표에 대하여 살펴봄으로써 성령님의 조명 아래 삼위일체 하나님과 친밀한 연합의 삶으로 나아가는 목회상담의 영적 정체성에 접근한다. 이어서 일반 또래상담의 개념과 목표, 또래상담자의 자질과 훈련과정을 설명한 후 목회상담과 또래상담의 통합과 교회 내 적용 가능성을 모색한다. 마지막으로 본 연구는 목회상담의 대안적 해결책으로서 교회 내 또래상담 프로그램을 제안한다. 본 연구에서 제시된 교회 내 또래상담 프로그램의 훈련과정은 들어가기, 하나님과 교회의 본질 이해하기, 서로 대화하는 친구 되기, 서로 돕는 친구 되기, 서로 친한 친구 되기, 서로 믿음의 친한 친구 되기, 마무리 이며 교회 내 또래상담자의 자질은 하나님과 자신에 대한 이해, 영적 안내와 지도, 인간의 본질적 죄성에 대한 통찰, 인간에 대한 존중과 수용의 마음, 상담에 대한 기본지식과 기술이었다. 본 연구는 목회상담의 개념, 목표, 목회상담자의 자질에 대해 탐색할 때에 인간존재가 하나님의 형상임을 주장하는 성경적 인간관과 창조, 타락, 구속과 재림에 이르는 성경적 역사관을 기준으로 서술하였으며, 그 연장선상에서 목회상담과 또래상담의 통합을 시도하였다. 본 연구는 급증할 것으로 예상되는 목회상담 수요에 대응하기 위해 교회 내 또래상담 프로그램을 개발하고 적용하기 위한 첫 번째 연구로서 문헌연구의 제한점을 갖고 있다. 후속연구에서는 교회 내 또래상담 프로그램에 대한 요구도 조사 결과 분석과 훈련 프로그램의 구체적 내용, 임상 결과까지 다루어 보고자 한다. Pastoral counseling is a part of pastoral activities that help pastoral counselors take care of the church members who complain of difficulties under the mandate of the church and move forward in the form of God. Pastoral counselors, who are pastors, conduct both pastoral activities and pastoral counseling and strive for spiritual maturity and growth of the church members. Unlike general counseling, pastoral counseling can be said to be a special type of counseling in which one pastor or a small number of pastors take care of and consult a large number of church members. Pastoral counselors obey the call of God for pastoral activities and pastoral counseling, but it seems difficult for a small number of pastors to consult and care for a large number of church members as the number of people complaining of psychological discomfort increases after the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this study is to present the development of a church peer counseling program and investigate its applicability as an alternative to pastoral counseling for the demand for counseling in churches that is expected to increase rapidly after the COVID-19 pandemic. To achieve this objective, this study first, approaches the spiritual identity of pastoral counseling, which leads to the life at a close alliance with the Trinity God under the light of the Holy Spirit by examining the concept of pastoral counseling, the qualities of pastoral counselors, and the goals of pastoral counseling through prior research. It then describes, after explaining the concept and goals of general peer counseling, the qualifications and training process of peer counselors, it seeks integration with pastoral counseling and applicability within the church. Finally, this study suggests peer counseling in the church as an alternative solution to pastoral counseling. The training process of the peer counseling program in the church presented in this study was entering, understanding the nature of God and the church, becoming friends who talk to each other, becoming friends who help each other, becoming close friends with each other, becoming close friends of faith, and fishing. The qualifications of peer counselors in the church were understanding of God and oneself, spiritual guidance and guidance, insight into the inherent sinfulness of humans, respect and acceptance of humans, and basic knowledge and skills in counseling. This study has limitations in literature research as the first study to develop and apply peer counseling programs in the church to respond to the demand for pastoral counseling, which is expected to increase rapidly. In the follow-up study, we plan to analyze the results of a survey on the demand for counseling programs within the church, as well as the specific contents of the training program and clinical results.

한국의 교회 내 목회상담 현장에서 나타나는 경계문제와 접근 방안에 관한 연구

이순기 ( Soonki Lee ) 한국목회상담학회 2016 목회와 상담 Vol.26 No.-

한국교회 내에 위치한 상담소에서 교회의 교인이면서 내담자인 사람이 상담을 받았는데 비밀보장과 경계문제 때문에 교회를 떠나는 일이 발생했다. 다른 사람은 교회의 상담전담 목사이면서 부목사로 교구도 맡고 있는 사람에게 상담을 받았는데 교회에서 마주칠 때마다 만나기를 꺼려하여 계속해서 피해 다녔다고 한다. 이러한 경향은 한국교회 내 목회상담의 현장에서 심심치 않게 발견된다. 그 이유 중의 하나는 한국의 목회상담자들이 목회상담의 형식과 방법을 한국으로 도입할 초창기에 그 이면에 숨겨져 있었던 문화적인 의미와 역사적인 배경을 철저히 고려하지 않았기 때문이다. 그래서 서양을 대변하는 미국과 한국의 서로 다른 두 문화를 비교함으로써 한국의 교회 내 목회상담 현장에서 왜 이러한 경계문제가 발생하는지 그리고 이것은 어떻게 다루어져야 하는지 살펴보았다. 권수영의 “관계적 경계”와 임마누엘 라띠의 “상호문화적 접근”을 비판적으로 사용하여 한국교회 내 목회상담의 현장에서 발생하는 경계문제에 접근해 보았고, 이를 통해 한국교회 내 상담소에서 경계문제가 발생했다고 해서 단순히 교회와 분리된 목회상담을 수행하는 것이 다가 아님을 살펴 보았다. 교회와의 포괄적 동반자관계가 목회상담의 정체성을 잃지 않는 비결이 되며 또 하나님과 교회 공동체를 떠나서는 목회상담을 정의할 수 없기 때문이다. 결론적으로 한국교회 내에서 목회상담을 창의적으로 유지하는 방법을 직접적으로 찾아 보고자 했고 또 목회상담 윤리교육을 강화함으로써 경계문제에 간접적으로 접근하는 방법도 간구해 보았다. In the case of pastoral counseling taken in the counseling center within the Korean church, a client (who is a church member) left the church due to confidentiality and boundary issues. After counseling sessions, in another case, he or she tended to avoid the pastoral counselor (who is a pastor of the church). These particular patterns have been reported in the field of pastoral counseling within the Korean church. One possible reason is that pastoral counseling’s form and method have been imported without properly defining their cultural meanings and historical background, which are hidden. At the same time, Korean pastoral counselors should have investigated their own cultural and historical background. Thus, the examination seeks to determine why boundary issues are occurring in the counseling center within the Korean church and how this should be handled after comparing the two different cultures. Specific boundary issues in the context of Korean pastoral counseling are dealt with critically using Soo Young Kwon’s “relational boundary” and Immanuel Lartey’s “intercultural approach.” Even if a counseling center within a church creates boundary issues specifically, going outside the church might not be the answer. A comprehensive partnership with the church is a key to not losing the identity of pastoral counseling and, in fact, pastoral counseling is not defined without God and the church community. This thought is based on how Korean pastoral counseling has been settled in the Korean context historically. Therefore, this study suggests that any counseling center within the church must be maintained creatively and counseling ethics must be emphasized to approach the boundary issues indirectly.

기독교 상담의 목회 현장 적용점 모색

심수명 한국복음주의상담학회 2004 복음과 상담 Vol.2 No.-

The purpose of this study is to introduce specific ways of Christian counseling for applying pastoral field. This study firstly summarized what the Bible said about the counseling and focused on the definition, the object, the characteristics and the necessity of Christian counseling. In addition, the study seeked to suggest the integrated model between the theology and psychology so that Christian counseling could be applied into contemporary pastoral area. It also mentioned the actual state of counseling of large-sized churches and the result of the present counseling condition from other churches in Korea. To explain the achievement of this study, the counseling work of Hanmil church where I have served as a pastor is introduced as an example. In Hanmil counseling case, you can find how counseling service of Hanmil church has developed and how counseling team works in present. Also this study explains how Hanmil counseling service made good result by verifying statistically the result of ``Loving Relationship Program``, which is one of the counseling programs of Hanmil church. Therefore, this purpose of study was not only to define but also to expand the possibility to apply its Christian counseling into contemporary churches by reviewing Hanmil church case study.

성경적 상담과 교회성장

최명우 ( Myung Woo Choi ) 한국성경적상담학회 2016 성경과 상담 Vol.15 No.-

사람을 변화시키기 위해서는 반드시 성령의 역사하심과 하나님의 말씀의 가르침이 있어야 하고, 피상담자가 중생과 성화를 통해서 변화를 체험하게 되어야 한다. 본 연구는 이러한 성경적 상담이론을 바탕으로 교회성장을 탐구하는데 순 복음강남교회를 사례로 연구한다. 상담사역을 통하여 교회성장을 어떻게 도모할 것인가는 목회의 중요한 과제이다. 목회는 그 성질상 교회 성장 핵심으로 한다. 질적 성장이든 양적 성장이든 성장이 없는 목회는 그 본질적 사명에 충실치 못한 것을 의미한다. 이러한 목회적 교회성장에서 평신도의 역할이 크게 기여하므로 오늘날 한국교회는 평신도 기능화를 위하여 전력을 다해야 한다. 그러나 한국 교회의 평신도 운동이 질서와 방향을 바로 잡지 못하고 있고 평신도들의 기동력이 잠제된 상태에서는 활성화 되지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 한국교회의 평신도 활용이 정상화 된다면 개교회의 성장은 물론 한국 사회와 세계교회에 크게 공헌할 풍부한 가능성을 갖고 있다. 이와 같은 가능성의 개발을 위하여 개 교회는 전교인을 성경적인 목회상담 요원으로 훈련하여 교회내외의 질적 변화를 도모해야 하며 이것은 곧 교회의 질적 성장과 함께 양적 성장도 연결될 것이다. Current Christian counseling practiced in many Korean churches has deviated from biblical principles and has been oriented towards a psychological approach affected by prosperity theology. The biblical counseling should be back on track. The definition and the purpose of the biblical counseling vary according to scholars. Professor Chungsook Chung defined the biblical counseling as not only giving clients advice on how to solve their problems but also re-educating them so that they can be equipped with a biblical outlook on life, which affects their mind-set, emotion, behavior and personality. She also defined the purpose of counseling as “presenting everyone perfect in Christ”(Col 1:28). A true change in a person takes place only by the work of the Holy Spirit and the teachings of the Word of God as the client experiences regeneration and sanctification. The research will be conducted on church growth based on the biblical counseling theory and the case of Full Gospel Gangnam Church will be studied. How to promote church growth through counseling is an important assignment in a church ministry. The core of the church ministry is on Church growth by nature. Whether it is qualitative or quantitative, the growth is what determines whether or not the church is faithfully carrying out its mission. The organized system of lay members within a church makes huge contributions to church growth, and therefore further effort should be put into organizing lay members of the church. However, the participation of lay people in church activities is constantly decreasing nowadays in most Korean churches. There is great potential for church growth in Korea and worldwide as well if Korean lay people`s activity is revitalized. To achieve that potential, every church needs to train all its members to become biblical counselors so that changes can happen from within the church, which will eventually lead to both qualitative and quantitative church growth.

가정교회(House Church) 사역을 통한 평신도 성경적 상담사역의 활성화 방안 연구: 길벗교회를 중심으로

김영민 ( Young Min Kim ) 한국복음주의상담학회 2010 복음과 상담 Vol.14 No.-

The house church is the church God intended to build. Important concepts of church in the New Testament are the body of Christ and the family of God. The house church functions as the body of Christ not just theoretically but also practically. In the house church and through the house church the saints. as parts of one body, are closely connected to each other and depend on each other. Because the house churches made the local church function as the body of Christ and the family of God, dynamic and effective lay counseling occurs between the house church members. Thus, it can be said that house church ministry greatly contributes to the vitalization of the lay biblical counseling ministry. If the house church leaders are trained with the principles and method of biblical counseling, its positive impacts will be amazing. These days especially, there has been increasing interest in small groups and house churches. Thus, if the lay biblical counseling ministry is vitalized through house church ministry, it would also play a positive role in the house church ministry. This means that the house church ministry would also be improved through the vitalized lay biblical counseling ministry. Ultimately, the house church ministry, biblical counseling, and the lay counseling ministry will produce a virtuous cycle, which would make the church healthy and God’s people mature. In addition, they will witness, bring strong evangelism to the world and change people.

치유상담을 위한 선교적 교회의 역할

이수환 ( Soo Hwan Lee ) 한국복음주의선교신학회 2016 복음과 선교 Vol.34 No.-

Healing counseling is a crucial work for human’s life in modern society. The work of healing counseling offers a new understanding of ministering direction and church’s identity for pastors and missionaries. Thus, church continues to conduct the healing counseling of embracing all the people in the world as God shows through the bible. The healing community, the church of Korea, should emphasize the function of healing counseling as it conducts ministering and missionary work. Healing counseling is a whole healing that influences the spirit, the body and the mind. Furthermore, healing counseling, at the level of pursuing whole character, means the harmony between me, neighbors, nature and God. As the church of Korea has seen the function of healing counseling being highlighted as the work of healing counseling is specialized. Thus, theological universities and graduate schools have opened Christian counseling departments related to healing, and counseling institutions are increasingly heightening their interest in counseling healing. Against such backdrop, this study examined the role of missionary church for practicing healing counseling, one of ministering and missionary functions, which the church of Korea is required to conduct.

교회성장을 돕는 상담목회 프로그램에 대한 연구 -한밀 교회를 중심으로-

심수명 ( Su Myeong Sim ) 한국복음주의상담학회 2007 복음과 상담 Vol.8 No.-

As the christianity had been introduced into Korea about 120 years ago, Korean churches have grown enormously even if short history. Especially, with economic expansion and urbanism, Korean churches have been grown repeatedly and globally. At this point, we should retrospect and evaluate Korean churches` growth quantitatively as well as qualitatively. Since the aim of churches` growth is to expand the kingdom of God, local churches have to approach differently toward in terms of size and quality-wise in church. Local churches, i.e., for a target of missionary, should become growing continuously when they understand their society and help needs of their people. I propose church growth through counseling ministry as a way of church`s essential ministry. Counseling ministry should be dealt with one of important ministries, such as missionary, service, education, and church`s voluntary work. It also strengthens each family and church become healthy, so to grow churches qualitatively and quantitatively. This article`s aim is to propose showing Hanmil Presbyterian church`s growth as a way of counseling ministry and to expect this counseling ministry as appropriate way of biblical and systematic ministry for the future church growth.

교회상담소 설치에 관한 목회자 인식연구 -예수교대한성결교회 목회자를 대상으로-

박기영 ( Ki Young Park ) 한국복음주의상담학회 2016 복음과 상담 Vol.24 No.1

The purpose of this study is to examine the pastors’ cognition about the installation of a church counselling office. This survey research was performed and analyzed on 191 pastors of the Jesus Korea Sungkyul Church for this purpose. The result confirmed by the study is as below. First, in the difference of the necessity of the installation of the counselling office due to the demographic characteristic, the difference of the necessity of the installation of the church counselling office due to a ‘church location’ has meaningful difference, but there is no difference due to other factors. Second, in the difference of a installation of the church counselling office due to ‘the current state of the church counselling ministry’, there is a meaningful difference for all items. Third, in the difference of the necessity of the installation of the counselling office due to the recognition on the church counselling ministry, both ‘the influence of the counselling ministry for the church revival’ and ‘the reason that is no plan for the counselling office’ have meaningful difference. As a conclusion, to activate the pastoral counselling, we could say it is needed the positive cognition of pastors about the installation of the church counselling office, and to train professional lay counsellors first of all.

개혁주의 성경적 상담의 목회적 적용

정정숙 ( Chungsook Chung Kim ) 한국성경적상담학회 2015 성경과 상담 Vol.14 No.-

한국교회는 시대별로 다양한 목회형태를 경험하였다. 근래에 와서 관심을 모우는 것이 상담목회이다. 상담은 삶의 현장에서 고통당하는 성도들의 문제를 해결하도록 돕는 목회방안이며 따라서 목회자들의 필수 사역이다. 그러나 한국교회에 소개된 대부분의 상담은 심리학 위주이고, 목회자들은 신학에는 익숙하지만 심리학적 훈련을 받지 않았으므로 성도들의 문제를 심리상담사들과 정신과의사들에게 맡기고 있는 실정이다. 반대로 크리스천 상담자들은 심리학에는 익숙하지만 신학적 성경적 훈련을 받지 않았으므로 심리학에만 의존하고 있는 실정이다. 이렇게 상담학적 배경이 없는 목회자들과 신학적 배경이 없는 크리스천 상담자들로 인하여 실시되는 성경과는 거리가 먼 상담으로 인하여 여러 가지 혼란이 생기고 있고, 명칭은 기독교 상담 혹은 성경적 상담이라고 하지만 내용은 일반 심리 상담과 다를 바가 없는 현실이다. 그러므로 이러한 한국교회의 실정에서 목회자들이 개혁주의적 성경적 상담을 목회에 어떻게 적용하느냐가 중요한 과제이다. 이 과제를 풀어나가기 위해서 연구자는 본고에서 개혁주의 성경적 상담이 피상담자의 문제를 해결해 줄 뿐만 아니라 그들을 변화시켜 하나님 말씀대로 살고 하나님께 영광 돌려 드리는 삶을 살게 할 수 있으므로 상담은 목회자의 기본 사역이라는 것을 밝히려고 한다. 따라서 본연구의 목적은 첫째, 개혁주의 신학의 핵심적인 특성인 하나님 중심의 신학, 성경중심의 신학, 교회 중심의 신학을 규명하고, 둘째, 상담목회를 위해서 개혁주의 성경적 상담의 특성은 무엇인지 밝히며, 셋째 성경적 상담을 목회현장에서 어떻게 적용할 수 있는가에 대하여 논하려고 한다. The Korean church has experienced diverse ministry formats throughout its history. Counseling ministry is the most recent focus of interest because it seeks to resolve and aid the believers in their daily struggles. Counseling, therefore, is a critical and crucial mission for the practitioners of pastoral ministry. Unfortunately, many of the pastors, despite their theological training, lack counseling training and psychology-based counseling has become most familiar to the Korean church. As a result, the congregants` problems are left to the care of psychotherapists and psychiatrists. On the other hand, many Christian counselors are familiar with psychology but lack theological or biblical training, there by solely relying on psychological principles for counseling. Between the pastors lacking counseling training and counselors lacking theological training, the socalled “Christian counseling” or “Biblical counseling” as practiced today is not different from secular psychotherapy. The most critical task for the Korean church, therefore, is how the practitioners of pastoral ministry adopt and adapt the biblical counseling to the everyday ministry. This article argues that the pastoral counseling is a fundamental ministry for the pastors as the reformed biblical counseling not only resolves the problems of the believers but it also transforms them to lead a life based on God`s words and for the glory of God. Therefore, the purpose of this study is three fold: First, it identifies the core values of reformed theology as God-centered theology and Bible-centered theology; Second, it states the characteristics of reformed biblical counseling for pastoral ministry; and Third, it explores ways in which biblical counseling can be applied in the daily ministry setting.

교회개혁을 위한 예수의 의로운 분노와 분노 상담에 대한 기독교 상담학적 고찰

김태수 ( Tae Soo Kim ) 한국복음주의신학회 2009 성경과신학 Vol.51 No.-

본 연구의 목적은 교회개혁을 위한 예수 그리스도의 의로운 분노와 분노 상담에 대하여 기독교 상담학적 관점에서 고찰해 보는 것이다. 교회개혁을 위한 예수의 의분과 연관된 성경적 근거는 마태복음 21장 12-17절과 요한복음 2:12-16절이다. 필자는 위의 본문을 참고로 한국교회에서 개혁되어야할 내용들을 다루어 보고자 한다. 또한, 인간의 분노심리에 대한 일반적 고찰을 간략하게 언급한 후, 분노의 문제를 상담과 연관시켜 분노 상담을 언급할 것이다. 왜냐하면 분노의 문제는 모든 사람들에게 발생하는 인간의 보편적 감정이며, 이런 분노의 에너지를 부정적 에너지에서 긍정적 에너지로 승화시킬 필요성이 대두되기 때문이다. 본 연구의 방법은 주로 문헌연구의 방식을 따를 것이다. 또한, 본 연구의 공헌점이라면 대다수의 사람들에게 존재하는 분노의 문제를 상담과 연관시켜 분노 상담이라는 주제를 다루고, 분노 상담의 대상이나 상담 기법들에 대한 연구를 시도해 보았다는 것이다. 끝으로 필자의 저서를 통하여 이미 소개한 `아가페 상담학`의 이론을 분노 상담의 한 방편으로 제시해 보았다는 점은 이 논문의 독창성이라고 할 수 있다. The purpose of this paper is to research the following issue: Jesus` righteous anger for church reformation and an approach of Christian counseling about counseling for anger. The biblical text for Jesus` righteous anger for church reformation is not only Matthew 21:12-17 but also John 2:12-16. Additionally, the writer wants to deal with the issue of Korean church reformation in relation to that of Jesus` righteous anger. Next, the writer succinctly utters general research regarding the issue of human psychology about anger. And then the writer deals with the issue of counseling for anger: seven stages, the object and some techniques of counseling for anger. Finally, the writer presents his own theory about Christian counseling, that is to say, `agape` counseling. This `agape` counseling is the first theory that the writer presented as a new paradigm of Christian counseling, but not the final theory that the writer will present as a completed theory. Therefore, there is the task for the writer to fully formulate the theory of this `agape` counseling among the various theories of Christian counseling.