北京奥运体育仲裁的理论与实践

郭树理 한국스포츠엔터테인먼트법학회 2009 스포츠와 법 Vol.12 No.4

由于通过诉讼途径解决体育纠纷存在种种困难,目前奥运会期间的体育纠纷都是由国际体育仲裁院(CAS)特别仲裁机构的快速仲裁机制解决的,2008年北京奥运会亦不例外。《奥林匹克宪章》第59条明确了CAS特别仲裁机构对奥运会期间体育纠纷的排他性管辖权,所有参加奥运会的运动员、教练员、裁判员所填写的参赛报名表中,都包含了接受CAS专属管辖权的强制性仲裁条款。北京奥运会CAS特别仲裁实践维护了体育法的一些基本原则,如禁止反言原则、保护运动员参赛权利原则、技术事项不予审查原则等。中国最高司法机关对CAS北京特别仲裁机制的运作明确表示了支持。 As the disadvantages in the litigation settlement of sports disputes, all the sports disputes arising from the Olympic Games now are settled by the special fast track arbitration mechanism of the Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS), as well as in the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. Article 59 of the Olympic Charter provides the exclusive jurisdiction of the CAS Olympic Games ad hoc Division to the sports disputes during the Olympic Games, while all the athletes, trainers and referees need to sign an entrance form which includes a mandatory clause to accept the exclusive jurisdiction of CAS. The special sports arbitration practice in the Beijing Olympic Games upholds the general principles of sports law, such as the estoppel, protect of sports rights of athletes, non review of the technical issues, etc. The supreme judicial organ of China expressed its supports to the operation of the CAS Beijing Olympic Games ad hoc Division.

An Examination of the Public’s Twitter Usage of Youth Olympic Games and Olympic Games from 2010 to 2016

Juha Yoon,Paul M. Pedersen 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2022 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.7 No.1

The purpose of this study is to assess the status of Twitter usage on attracting the public’s attention with regard to the Youth Olympic Games (YOG) as compared to the Olympic Games (OG). Associated tweets were collected and analyzed to determine whether retweets, likes, and hashtags of tweets differed by event (YOG or OG), by event year (2010, 2012, 2014, and 2016), or by timeframe (before, during, and after the major sporting events). Using the Python programming language, this study extracted data (i.e., tweets, retweets, likes, and hashtags) during the three timeframes across the eight mega-sporting events. Findings from this study have implications for the analytical development of social media usage by sport organizations and provide a better understanding of social media platforms in the context of mega- sporting events.

A Comparative Analysis of Home Advantage in the Olympic and Paralympic Games 1988–2018

Darryl Wilson,Girish Ramchandani 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2021 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.6 No.2

In this paper we examine the extent to which nations that are awarded the right to host the Olympic and Paralympic Games benefit from success in elite sport through a quantifiable home advantage or host nation effect. The prevalence and size of home advantage in the Olympic and Paralympic Games is investigated over 16 editions (eight Summer Games and eight Winter Games) between 1988 and 2018 at an overall nation level and within ten sports. These include seven summer sports (archery, athletics, cycling, fencing, shooting, swimming and table tennis) and three winter sports (alpine skiing, biathlon and cross-country skiing). Our study supports the prevalence of a statistically significant overall host nation effect in the Olympic and Paralympic Games, which is also evident in Olympic archery, Paralympic athletics, Paralympic table tennis and Paralympic alpine skiing. At the same time, our analysis illustrates that the size of this effect did not differ significantly between able-bodied and para-sport events. Nations that experienced a large home advantage effect in the Olympic Games also had a large home advantage effect in the Paralympic Games. Our research contributes to the study of the impacts of hosting international multi-sport competitions, including the largely overlooked area of the Paralympic Games.

Examining Legacies of Unsuccessful Olympic Bids: Evidence from a Cross-Case Analysis

Becca Leopkey,Paul Salisbury,Cem Tinaz 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2021 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.6 No.3

The purpose of this paper was to explore the legacies of failed bids in applicant and candidature cities for the Olympic Games. More specifically, we were interested in understanding 1) what are the legacies from unsuccessful Olympic Games bids, and 2) what are the prominent issues related to legacy associated with failed bidding attempts? In order to accomplish this, an iterative case study of three previous Olympic bid cities: Manchester (1996, 2000), Chicago (2016) and Istanbul (2000, 2004, 2008, 2012, 2020) were used to better understand this particular phenomenon. Twelve different failed bid legacy themes across the three cases emerged including: brand perception, coordination, community, economic, environmental, knowledge, personal, policy, psychological, relationships, structural, and urban. In addition to the broad legacy themes, two additional failed bid legacy issues were identified and elucidated. They included failed bid promises and a lack differentiation between bid and event legacy.

Enveloped in the American Flag: Contrasting National Identity within Olympic and National Football League Media Consumption

Melvin Lewis,Kenon A. Brown,Andrew C. Billings,Zachary W. Arth 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2022 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.7 No.4

This study explored causal relationships and moderation effects in the context of the National Football League (NFL; American football), employing 732 respondents from a pair of nationally representative samples to determine the degree of similarity or difference between feelings about the United States as it relates to American consumption of the 2018 Winter Olympics and the 2018 NFL season. Media consumption’s influence on one’s feelings of nationalism was stronger for Winter Olympic fans compared to NFL fans, yet no differences were detected on patriotism and internationalism factors. Academicians and sport marketers should regard these findings as a warrant for considering exploring cause-related sports marketing (CRSM) techniques. Differences in nationalism findings suggest that the comparisons between nations are exclusively an Olympics-based phenomena while the National Football League seems to be much more insular in that regard.

Non-Host City Olympic Legacies: The Case of Athens, Georgia and the 1996 Olympic Games

Kristina J. Hoff,Becca Leopkey 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2021 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.6 No.3

Given the need to use additional locations to host Olympic events beyond the host city, very little research investigates these ‘non-host cities’ and their resultant event legacies. As such, the purpose of this exploratory study was to develop a better understanding of non-host city legacies experienced in relation to the hosting of an edition of the Olympic Games. A case study focusing on Athens, Georgia and the 1996 Olympic Games held in Atlanta, USA was used to illustrate this particular phenomenon of interest. Findings revealed five emergent legacy themes: nostalgia, urban development, volunteering, community engagement, and sport development. Moreover, three major factors (planning approach, external factors, and image) created a different Games experience in Athens and thereby distinguished its legacies from ones created in Atlanta. Challenges and issues associated with providing event legacies in non-host cities are also discussed.

奥运会参加者的法律地位研究

焦洪昌 한국스포츠엔터테인먼트법학회 2010 스포츠와 법 Vol.13 No.2

This article examines the legal capacity of Olympic games participants. Through this research, we can better understand the potential legal problem of Olympic games.The legal capacity of Olympic Games participants, mainly focus on what rights athletes will have under the related legal system during the period of Olympic Games. The rights of athletes can be classified into fundamental rights and ordinary rights according to the difference in definitions.The fundamental rights refers to the legal rights which athletes have under the legal system of national law and international law, mainly including human rights .Ordinary rights refers to the rights that athletes have under the system of Olympic act, which is not a real law by nature. Therefore , ordinary rights are not legal rights, but rights in the meaning of rules .According to the different stages of Olympic games, the ordinary rights of athletes can be classified into three types: Right of entry, Right to freedom contest, Relief rights.Any dispute arising on the occasion of, or in connection with, the Olympic Games shall be submitted exclusively to the Court of Arbitration for Sport, in accordance with the Code of Sports‐Related. Thus, every player should have the relief rights. Through exerting their relief rights, players’ entity rights can be protected. In this way, a healthy and Orderly Olympic society will be established. 运动员的权利,主要包括基本权利和普通权利两大类别。前者是指运动员所享有的以人权为基干的法律权利,在奥运会期间应该得到尊重、实现和保障。后者主要是运动员在以《宪章》为核心的奥林匹克法律框架下享有的权利。运动员的义务,主要包括遵守奥林匹克法律、接受赛事组织管理等一系列义务。研究奥运会参加者的法律地位问题,对于科学认识奥运会期间的各项法律关系,填补国内体育法学研究的空白领域等方面,具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。

体育外交对南北韩关系的影响研究 - 以平昌冬季奥运会为中心

두보,ZHANG MUHUI,사여 동북아시아문화학회 2019 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.58

South Korea’s Moon government adopted strengthening the Korea-U.S. alliance by jointing military as a response to North Korea's nuclear test. However they didn’t give up the “Sunshine policy”, by putting forward the idea “Berlin vision”, providing humanitarian aid to North Korea and etc. South Korea executed its “Sports diplomacy” to North Korea as the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics draw closer. In late 2017 Moon proposed a postponement of U.S.-South Korea military exercises as his most positive signal, then he received a positive response from North Korea. This paper adopted the literature research method and focused on Pyeongchang winter Olympic games to demonstrate the influence of sports diplomacy of Moon government on two Koreas’ relationship. Moon government used the “pyeongchang Olympics” as an opportunity to engage in “sports diplomacy” in 2017 by sending a positive signal to North Korea, which as a result received a positive response. The two countries held talks in Panmunjom, which kicked off the inter-Korean dialogue that began with the Pyeongchang Olympics. By taking the sports diplomacy as an opportunity, the relationship between two Koreas turned to a better situation. The government of Moon Jaein has deepened the mutual trust between the two Koreas and strengthened the determination of North Korea to abandon its nuclear weapons through the Pyeongchang Olympics. However, it is still difficult for South Korea alone to promote the benign development of the situation. The attitude of the United States will continue to affect the future development on the Korean peninsula. In the later stage of Olympics diplomacy, two Koreas still have a long way to go to realize denuclearization and promote the peace process. South Korea and North Korea should make full use of the current situation to continue the dialogue, promote the signing of the agreement to end the war through consultation between the North Korea and the U.S., and finally find the fundamental solution for the peaceful development of the Korean peninsula.

体育外交对南北韩关系的影响研究 - 以平昌冬季奥运会为中心

涂波,张暮辉,谢茹 동북아시아문화학회 2019 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.58

South Korea’s Moon government adopted strengthening the Korea-U.S. alliance by jointing military as a response to North Korea's nuclear test. However they didn’t give up the “Sunshine policy”, by putting forward the idea “Berlin vision”, providing humanitarian aid to North Korea and etc. South Korea executed its “Sports diplomacy” to North Korea as the Pyeongchang Winter Olympics draw closer. In late 2017 Moon proposed a postponement of U.S.-South Korea military exercises as his most positive signal, then he received a positive response from North Korea. This paper adopted the literature research method and focused on Pyeongchang winter Olympic games to demonstrate the influence of sports diplomacy of Moon government on two Koreas’ relationship. Moon government used the “pyeongchang Olympics” as an opportunity to engage in “sports diplomacy” in 2017 by sending a positive signal to North Korea, which as a result received a positive response. The two countries held talks in Panmunjom, which kicked off the inter-Korean dialogue that began with the Pyeongchang Olympics. By taking the sports diplomacy as an opportunity, the relationship between two Koreas turned to a better situation. The government of Moon Jaein has deepened the mutual trust between the two Koreas and strengthened the determination of North Korea to abandon its nuclear weapons through the Pyeongchang Olympics. However, it is still difficult for South Korea alone to promote the benign development of the situation. The attitude of the United States will continue to affect the future development on the Korean peninsula. In the later stage of Olympics diplomacy, two Koreas still have a long way to go to realize denuclearization and promote the peace process. South Korea and North Korea should make full use of the current situation to continue the dialogue, promote the signing of the agreement to end the war through consultation between the North Korea and the U.S., and finally find the fundamental solution for the peaceful development of the Korean peninsula.

Sport Policy Development in China: Legacies of Beijing’s 2008 Summer Olympic Games and 2022 Winter Olympic Games

Shushu Chen,Holger Preuss,Xiaoqian (Richard) Hu,Jamie Kenyon,Xiao Liang 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2021 Journal of Global Sport Management Vol.6 No.3

The aim of this article is to explore Olympic-led sport policy changes (as part of Olympic legacy) for China triggered by the 2008 Summer Olympics and the 2022 Winter Olympic Games. Although there has been a burgeoning of research interest in analysing Olympic-triggered changes and legacies, with focus on various areas such as economic, sociocultural, and environmental issues, little is known about the changes that the hosting of the Olympics Games stimulates in a host nation’s sport policy. Drawing from policy document analysis, the paper reveals that the two Olympic Games collectively helped to expand the role and value of sport in China and to elevate the status of mass sport. In terms of policy, China’s two bidding experiences led to a streamlining of policy making and legacy planning processes for sporting mega events. The paper ends with a discussion of the implications associated with strategic policy planning for future Olympics hosts.