Complex Chiral Colloids and Surfaces via High-Index Off-Cut Silicon

McPeak, Kevin M.,van Engers, Christian D.,Blome, Mark,Park, Jong Hyuk,Burger, Sven,Gosá,lvez, Miguel A.,Faridi, Ava,Ries, Yasmina R.,Sahu, Ayaskanta,Norris, David J. American Chemical Society 2014 NANO LETTERS Vol.14 No.5

<P>Silicon wafers are commonly etched in potassium hydroxide solutions to form highly symmetric surface structures. These arise when slow-etching {111} atomic planes are exposed on standard low-index surfaces. However, the ability of nonstandard high-index wafers to provide more complex structures by tilting the {111} planes has not been fully appreciated. We demonstrate the power of this approach by creating chiral surface structures and nanoparticles of a specific handedness from gold. When the nanoparticles are dispersed in liquids, gold colloids exhibiting record molar circular dichroism (>5 × 10<SUP>9</SUP> M<SUP>–1</SUP> cm<SUP>–1</SUP>) at red wavelengths are obtained. The nanoparticles also present chiral pockets for binding.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/nalefd/2014/nalefd.2014.14.issue-5/nl501032j/production/images/medium/nl-2014-01032j_0005.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nl501032j'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Ancestral Peruvian ethnic fermented beverage “Chicha” based on purple corn (Zea mays L.): unraveling the healthrelevant functional benefits

Lena Gálvez Ranilla 한국식품연구원 2020 Journal of Ethnic Foods Vol.7 No.-

Chicha is a traditional ethnic corn-based fermented beverage with a profound cultural relevance in the Andean region, especially in Peru where it has been part of religious ceremonies since pre-Inca civilizations. Chicha de Guiñapo is made with purple corn and is a typical beverage from the Peruvian region of Arequipa (South of Peru) where some local people still preserve its traditional process and use, but no investigation has been focused on the study of its potential health-relevant functional properties linking the historical perspectives. The current research was aimed at advancing the ethnic cultural relevance of this traditional beverage with an understanding of deep historical and ecological roots and further by evaluating the differences in the traditional processing of Chicha de Guiñapo from five geographical zones in Arequipa (Peru). Furthermore, to understand the potential health relevance, the influence on the total phenolic content (TPC), the total anthocyanin content (TAC), the antioxidant capacity, the in vitro inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase relevant for hyperglycemia management, along with the physicochemical characteristics, were evaluated. No significant differences were observed in the physicochemical parameters, the antioxidant capacity, and the phenolic contents among the Chicha samples from different origins. However, all samples showed a remarkable in vitro inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase with a significant influence of the geographical zone of origin that links historical usage and contemporary health benefits. The Z2 Chicha sample that followed the most traditional preparation had the highest values of TAC, in vitro antioxidant capacity, and anti-hyperglycemia-relevant α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities. Results from the current study reveal that Chicha has an important health-relevant functional potential and that the preservation of the traditional historical and ethnic knowledge about its processing is critical for its validation for wider use across all communities.

Stemphylium Leaf Blight of Garlic (Allium sativum ) in Spain: Taxonomy and In Vitro Fungicide Response

Laura Gálvez,Jéssica Gil-Serna,Marta García,Concepción Iglesias,Daniel Palmero 한국식물병리학회 2016 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.32 No.5

The most serious aerial disease of garlic is leaf blightcaused by Stemphylium spp. Geographical variation inthe causal agent of this disease is indicated. Stemphyliumvesicarium has been reported in Spain, whereas S. solani is the most prevalent species recorded in China. In this study, Stemphylium isolates were obtainedfrom symptomatic garlic plants sampled from themain Spanish production areas. Sequence data for theITS1–5.8S–ITS2 region enabled assignation of the isolatesto the Pleospora herbarum complex and clearlydistinguished the isolates from S. solani. Conidial morphologyof the isolates corresponded to that of S. vesicariumand clearly discriminated them from S. alfalfaeand S. herbarum on the basis of the size and septationpattern of mature conidia. Conidial morphology aswell as conidial length, width and length:width ratioalso allowed the Spanish isolates to be distinguishedfrom S. botryosum and S. herbarum. Control of leafblight of garlic is not well established. Few studies areavailable regarding the effectiveness of chemical treatmentsto reduce Stemphylium spp. incidence on garlic. The effectiveness of nine fungicides of different chemicalgroups to reduce Stemphylium mycelial growthin vitro was tested. Boscalid + pyraclostrobin (groupname, succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors + quinoneoutside inhibitors), iprodione (dicar-boximide), andprochloraz (demethylation inhibitors) were highlyeffectiveat reducing mycelial growth in S. vesicariumwith EC50 values less than 5 ppm. In general, the effectivenessof the fungicide was enhanced with increasingdosage.

Reproductive aspects of the Amazon giant paiche (Arapaima gigas): a review

Marie Anne Gálvez Escudero,Anthony Jesús Mendoza De La Vega 한국수산과학회 2024 Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Vol.27 No.2

Paiche (Arapaima gigas), is a colossal freshwater fish native to the Amazon basin. Its geographic distribution spans various regions, including Brazil, Peru, Colombia, and Guyana, making it a significant component of the aquatic ecosystems in this area. Beyond its ecological role, the paiche holds substantial importance as a valuable fish resource for local communities, providing sustenance and economic opportunities. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the reproductive aspects of the paiche, based on information published from January 2000 to January 2022. It encompasses a wide range of reproductive characteristics, including sexual differentiation, age at first maturity, and identification techniques. Additionally, it offers an evaluation of various mating behaviors, highlighting their respective advantages and disadvantages. The review also explores genetic and behavioral traits observed in both wild and captive specimens, offering valuable insights for the effective management of breeding programs.

Estimating the Self-reported Prevalence of Non-celiac Gluten Sensitivity in the Korean Population

Oscar G Figueroa-Salcido,Jesús G Arámburo-Gálvez,Noé Ontiveros 대한소화기 기능성질환∙운동학회 2022 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.28 No.3

Desolation comes from the sky: Invasive Hymenoptera species as prey of Chilean giant robber flies (Diptera: Asilidae) through field observations and citizen science

Rodrigo M. Barahona-Segovia,Laura Pañinao-Monsálvez 한국응용곤충학회 2020 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.23 No.3

Robber flies (Asilidae) are the main predatory fly family feeding on beetles, butterflies, other flies for true flies, and even spiders; however, Hymenoptera is the most common prey. Invasive Hymenoptera species are common in central and southern Chile; however, few predators of these are known. The hunting behavior and prey of Chilean robber fly species are also poorly known. The aim of this study is to provide the first hunting behavior records of five Chilean giant robber fly species on invasive Hymenoptera. In addition, an updated distribution of these species is provided. Records of hunting behavior were based on fieldwork collections and citizen science observations. The historical distribution was compared with citizen science observations using chi-square analyzes. Twelve predation events were recorded. Obelophorus terebratus was the most common predator. Bombus terrestris was the invasive Hymenoptera most preyed upon. Both the extension of occurrence of Lycomya germainii as Obelophorus species showed changes in his distribution. Only O. landbecki shown changes in area of occupancy. Citizen science is playing a key role in the knowledge of biological interactions and distribution of endemic and native Chilean robber fly species.

Stevenia deceptoria (Diptera, Rhinophoridae): Chile’s second woodlice-parasitizing fly species studied using citizen science

Barahona-Segovia Rodrigo M.,Mulieri Pablo R.,Pañinao-Monsálvez Laura 한국응용곤충학회 2024 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.27 No.1

Stevenia deceptoria is a woodlouse-parasitizing fly species that has recently been introduced into South America and was until now known only in Argentina. In those countries it has invaded, this exotic fly prospers in cities because of the abundance of potential hosts in gardens and public parks. Here we show that S. deceptoria has been detected in urban ecosystems in the Metropolitan and Valparaíso Regions using citizen science and we describe its current range in the city and the degree of overlap between its range and that of its potential hosts. Records of both woodlouse-parasitizing flies and their hosts were obtained from two citizen science platforms: Facebook and iNaturalist. The extent of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO) were calculated for S. deceptoria and different woodlouse species. We assessed the advance of S. deceptoria into the city, comparing classic EOO and α-hull mode with a chi-squared test with Yates’ continuity correction. We found that S. deceptoria was widely distributed in the Metropolitan Region, with a significant expansion over time. Woodlouse species, although common in the city, are sparsely sampled and so their EOO and AOO are underestimated. Stevenia deceptoria had a medium to complete overlap in distribution with potential woodlice hosts. The rapid expansion of S. deceptoria is probably due to its native host invading the Metropolitan Region. It is therefore likely that this fly species will expand its current distribution to neighboring regions where exotic woodlouse species are present.

Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load of Two Dishes Cooked with Alache (Anoda cristata) and Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) Plants from the Traditional Mexican Diet

Josefina Consuelo Morales-Guerrero,Reina Rosas-Romero,Ma Amanda Mariscal-Gálvez,Fabiola Ayala-Alcántara,Héctor Bourges-Rodríguez 한국식품영양과학회 2023 Journal of medicinal food Vol.26 No.6

Correct nutrition is important for keeping good health; to attain that, the diet has to include vegetables such as quelites. The objective of this study was to determine the glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) of rice and a tamal prepared with and without two species of quelites: “alache” (Anoda cristata) and “chaya” (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius). The GI was measured in 10 healthy subjects, 7 women and 3 men, with the following mean metrics: age, 23 years old; body weight, 61.3 kg; height, 1.65 m; body mass index, 22.7 kg/m2; and basal glycemia, 77.4 mg/dL. Capillary blood samples were collected within 2 h after the meal. White rice (rice with no quelites) had a GI of 75.35 ± 15.6 and a GL of 36.17 ± 7.8; rice with alache had a GI of 33.74 ± 5.85 and a GL 33.74 ± 1.85. White tamal had a GI of 57.33 ± 10.23 and a GC of 26.65 ± 5.12; tamal with chaya had a GI of 46.73 ± 22.1 and a GL of 23.36 ± 11. The GI and GL values recorded for the combination of quelites with rice and tamal confirmed that quelites could be a good alternative for healthy diets.

Antimicrobial Activity of Northwestern Mexican Plants Against Helicobacter pylori

Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,Carlos A. Velázquez-Contreras,Adriana Garibay-Escobar,Juan C. Gálvez-Ruiz,Eduardo Ruiz-Bustos 한국식품영양과학회 2011 Journal of medicinal food Vol.14 No.10

Helicobacter pylori is the major etiologic agent of such gastric disorders as chronic active gastritis and gastric carcinoma. Over the past few years, the appearance of antibiotic-resistant bacteria has led to the development of better treatments, such as the use of natural products. This study evaluated the anti–H. pylori activity of 17 Mexican plants used mainly in the northwestern part of Mexico (Sonora) for the empirical treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. The anti–H. pylori activity of methanolic extracts of the plants was determined by using the broth microdilution method. The 50% minimum inhibitory concentrations ranged from less than 200 to 400 μg/mL for Castella tortuosa, Amphipterygium adstringens, Ibervillea sonorae, Pscalium decompositum, Krameria erecta, Selaginella lepidophylla, Pimpinella anisum, Marrubium vulgare, Ambrosia confertiflora, and Couterea latiflora and were greater than 800 μg/mL for Byophyllum pinnatum, Tecoma stans linnaeus, Kohleria deppena, Jatropha cuneata, Chenopodium ambrosoides, and Taxodium macronatum. Only Equisetum gigantum showed no activity against H. pylori. This study suggests the important role that these plants may have in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders caused by H. pylori. The findings set the groundwork for further characterization and elucidation of the active compounds responsible for such activity.