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Lee Jin Wook,Gu Hyun-Oh,Jung Yunshin,Jung YunJae,Seo Seung-Yong,Hong Jeong-Hee,Hong In-Sun,Lee Dae Ho,Kim Ok-Hee,Oh Byung-Chul 생화학분자생물학회 2023 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.55 No.-
Insulin resistance is a major contributor to the pathogenesis of several human diseases, including type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. Notably, insulin resistance and hypertension share common abnormalities, including increased oxidative stress, inflammation, and organelle dysfunction. Recently, we showed that excess intracellular Ca2+, a known pathogenic factor in hypertension, acts as a critical negative regulator of insulin signaling by forming Ca2+-phosphoinositides that prevent the membrane localization of AKT, a key serine/threonine kinase signaling molecule. Whether preventing intracellular Ca2+ overload improves insulin sensitivity, however, has not yet been investigated. Here, we show that the antihypertensive agent candesartan, compared with other angiotensin-II receptor blockers, has previously unrecognized beneficial effects on attenuating insulin resistance. We found that candesartan markedly reduced palmitic acid (PA)-induced intracellular Ca2+ overload and lipid accumulation by normalizing dysregulated store-operated channel (SOC)-mediated Ca2+ entry into cells, which alleviated PA-induced insulin resistance by promoting insulin-stimulated AKT membrane localization and increased the phosphorylation of AKT and its downstream substrates. As pharmacological approaches to attenuate intracellular Ca2+ overload in vivo, administering candesartan to obese mice successfully decreased insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, dyslipidemia, and tissue inflammation by inhibiting dysregulated SOC-mediated Ca2+ entry and ectopic lipid accumulation. The resulting alterations in the phosphorylation of key signaling molecules consequently alleviate impaired insulin signaling by increasing the postprandial membrane localization and phosphorylation of AKT. Thus, our findings provide robust evidence for the pleiotropic contribution of intracellular Ca2+ overload in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and suggest that there are viable approved drugs that can be repurposed for the treatment of insulin resistance and hypertension.
Vulvar Reconstruction Using Keystone Flaps Based on the Perforators of Three Arteries
Yunjae Lee,Sanghun Lee,Dongkyu Lee,Hyeonjung Yeo,Hannara Park,Hyochun Park 대한성형외과학회 2022 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.49 No.6
Various flaps are used to reconstruct skin and soft tissue defects of the vulva following resection of malignancies. Whenever possible, reconstruction using local flaps is the standard treatment. Here, we describe vulvar defect reconstruction using keystone flaps. Standard keystone flaps are based on randomly located vascular perforators. However, we designed a keystone flap that includes perforators of three named arteries (the anterior labial artery of the external pudendal artery, cutaneous branches of the obturator artery, and posterior labial artery of the internal pudendal artery) and the pudendal nerve, which accompanies the internal pudendal artery. Four patients with squamous cell carcinoma and extramammary Paget’s disease of the vulva underwent radical vulvectomy and keystone flaps including perforators of three arteries. Depending on the morphology of the defects, keystone flaps were used with different designs. For elliptical and unilateral vulvar defects, a standard keystone flap was designed, and for defects on both sides of the vulva, a double opposing keystone flap was used. For oval defects, the omega variant keystone flap was designed, and when the morphology of the defect needed rotation of the flap, a rotational keystone flap was designed. All the patients showed good function and sensation, with an acceptable cosmetic appearance.
Newly Designed HRTF Measuring System
Yunjae Lee,Youngjin Park,Youn-sik Park 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8
Because people expect better sound reproduction that offers more realistic experience, 3D sound technologies are ceaselessly being improved. When we render 3D sound image using headphones or speakers, the main key of this technology is the Head-related transfer function (HRTF) database. Even though there are various HRTF databases they have some drawbacks such as detrimental effects caused by imperfect measuring environment and insufficient measurement points. In addition to those problems, there is no database aimed at Korean even if the HRTFs vary from person to person. Therefore we are planning to develop the HRTF database for Korean. As a first step to do it, the new HRTF measuring system without aforementioned drawbacks is designed. In this paper, the newly designed HRTF measuring system is introduced and the overall effects are analyzed caused by the diffraction of the apparatus, especially the headrest and backrest of the chair.
Extraordinarily aggressive cutaneous sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma of the face: a case report
Lee, Yunjae,Lee, Dongkyu,Yeo, Hyeonjung,Park, Hannara,Park, Hyochun Korean Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association 2022 Archives of Craniofacial Surgery Vol.23 No.2
Sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma (SSCC), a biphasic malignant tumor consisting of atypical squamous epithelial and mesenchymal elements mixed with epithelioid and spindle cells, is a variant of squamous cell carcinoma. Cutaneous SSCC is very rare and aggressive and has a poor prognosis. Here, we report a case of cutaneous SSCC with satellites and in-transit metastases. A 79-year-old woman presented with a protruding mass on the left temporal area sized 1.2×1.0 cm. The punch biopsy report indicated keratoacanthoma or well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. The size of the tumor increased to 2.7×2.0 cm after 8 days. An excisional biopsy was performed with a 2 mm safety margin. The tumor was identified as SSCC with a clear resection margin. Reoperation was performed thrice with an increased safety margin of 10 mm; however, the cancer recurred along with satellites and in-transit metastases. Chemoradiotherapy was administered; however, the size of the tumor increased along with satellites and in-transit metastases. The patient expired 162 days after the initial excision. Complete excision and immediate multidisciplinary approach should be combined during the early stages due to the aggressiveness and poor prognosis of cutaneous SSCC with satellites and in-transit metastasis.
이윤재(Yunjae Lee),유시환(Seehwan Yoo) 한국정보과학회 2017 정보과학회 컴퓨팅의 실제 논문지 Vol.23 No.8
부팅 과정의 보안성은 대단히 중요하다. 최근의 루트킷이나 가상머신 등을 이용한 공격은 부팅과정에 대한 무결성이 보장되지 않으면, 어떠한 운영체제 수준의 보안도 무력화할 수 있음을 보여준다. 세종 정부청사 해킹 사례에서도 부팅 과정의 무결성이 보장되지 않음으로 인해, 해커는 윈도즈 운영체제 사용자의 개인패스워드 인증 과정을 모두 건너뛰고 중요 데이터 파일을 탈취, 변조하였다. 본 논문에서는 리눅스 부팅과정에서의 무결성을 보장하기 위하여 기존의 secure boot와 measured boot를 분석하고, 이들의 취약점 및 한계성을 개선하는 부팅방법을 제안한다. 제시하는 부팅에서는 펌웨어가 전체 부팅과정에서 실행되는 모든 부트로더와 커널의 무결성을 검증하도록 하였으며, 외부 TPM 장치에 부팅과정의 무결성을 기록함으로써 바이오스 설정 변경이나 부팅과정에서의 설정 변조 등을 추적할 수 있다. Preserving the integrity of the booting process is important. Recent rootkit attacks and subverting OS attacks prove that any post-OS security mechanism can be easily circumvented if the booting process is not properly controlled. Using an actual case as an example, the hacker of the Se-jong government office simply bypassed the user’s password authentication by compromising the normal booting process. This paper analyzes existing pre-OS protection using secure boot and measured boot, and proposes another bootloader that overcomes the limitations. The proposed bootloader not only guarantees the integrity of all the pre-OS binaries, bootloaders, and kernel, it also makes explicit records of integrity in the booting process to the external TPM device, so that we can track modifications of BIOS configurations or unintended booting process modifications.