The Impact of Linguistic and Cultural Differences on Chinese-English Translation

Yuhua Gao 한국영어교육연구학회 2012 영어교육연구 Vol.- No.44

We all agree that translation is cross-cultural communication, which is not only the linguistic transfer but also cultural exchange. Translation is the exploration of an unbridgeable gap and of a tension between cultures, and its function is to develop cross-cultural communication and bridge the gap. Moreover, no translators could afford to neglect lots of striking differences between the two languages, namely English and Chinese. In this essay, the author will explore the impact of the sharp contrast between English and Chinese on translation from two perspectives as follows: Linguistic forms and cultural differences. In terms of linguistic forms, English is subject-prominent, hypotaxis, agglutinating, pitch language, whereas Chinese is topic-prominent, parataxis, isolating, tone language. Furthermore, they also differ a lot in word order and syntactic structures. As for different way of thinking, Eastern thinking patterns are characterized by entirety, synthesis, specificity and parataxis. Conversely, when it come to the westerners, analysis, logic, abstractness, linear-thinking come first.

The Impact of Agreement on the Licensing of Null Arguments

Yuhua Gao,Lirong Ding 한국영어교육연구학회 2015 영어교육연구 Vol.- No.47

This paper attempts to illustrate the impact of agreement on the licensing of null arguments, especially on pro and argument ellipsis (henceforth AE) in Italian, Turkish, Serbo-Croatian (henceforth SC) and Mandarin Chinese (henceforth MC). Subject pros in agreement pro-drop languages like Italian and Turkish, and object pros in SC, are supposed to be licensed by subject or object-predicate agreement. By contrast, I argue, in radical pro-drop languages without agreement at all like MC, subject pro is licensed by discourse and context, along with the definiteness restriction on the pre-verbal subject position. Moreover, I further argue that invariant nominal gender prohibits the licensing of AE in SC, a NP language with rich agreement within Traditional Noun Phrase (henceforth TNP).

Investigation of a new 3Y-stabilized zirconia with an improved optical property for applications as a dental ceramic

Yuhua Wang,Hui Huang,Limin Gao and,Fuqiang Zhang 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2011 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.12 No.4

To study the mechanical and optical properties of a new nanocrystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia (PX242A Tosoh Japan). The influence of heating rates on its properties and its potential use as a dental ceramic were also evaluated. Samples of PX242A were divided into 4 groups according to heating rates : group H1 (100oKh−1); group H2 (200oKh−1); group H4 (400oKh−1);group H6 (600oKh−1). Group H0 (3Y-SBE Tosoh Japan) was made according to the manufacturer’s recommendation as a control. The contrast ratio (CR), transparency parameter (TP) and total transmittance (TT) were measured by an Xrite spectrophotometer. The flexural strength and fracture toughness were also evaluated. The flexural strength and fracture toughness were found to be independent of the heating rate while the optical properties significantly increased when the heating rates were 600oKh−1, 200oKh−1 and 400oKh−1, but were not significantly different with 100oKh−1. A heating rate of 600oKh−1 is suggested as a time efficiency protocol, because it could provide desirable mechanical and optical properties,making zirconia suitable for clinical use.

Disciplinary Sport Physiology Health Education , Sport Medicine : FUNCTION HEALTHY EXERCISES AFTER MOVEMENT FRACTURE

Gao Yang,Zhao Yuhua 한국체육학회 1996 국제스포츠과학 학술대회 Vol.1996 No.2

Opportunistic Spectrum Access with Discrete Feedback in Unknown and Dynamic Environment:A Multi-agent Learning Approach

( Zhan Gao ),( Junhong Chen ),( Yuhua Xu ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2015 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.9 No.10

This article investigates the problem of opportunistic spectrum access in dynamic environment, in which the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is time-varying. Different from existing work on continuous feedback, we consider more practical scenarios in which the transmitter receives an Acknowledgment (ACK) if the received SNR is larger than the required threshold, and otherwise a Non-Acknowledgment (NACK). That is, the feedback is discrete. Several applications with different threshold values are also considered in this work. The channel selection problem is formulated as a non-cooperative game, and subsequently it is proved to be a potential game, which has at least one pure strategy Nash equilibrium. Following this, a multi-agent Q-learning algorithm is proposed to converge to Nash equilibria of the game. Furthermore, opportunistic spectrum access with multiple discrete feedbacks is also investigated. Finally, the simulation results verify that the proposed multi-agent Q-learning algorithm is applicable to both situations with binary feedback and multiple discrete feedbacks.

Effects of Lactobacillus curvatus and Leuconostoc mesenteroides on Suan Cai Fermentation in Northeast China^s

( Hongyan Yang ),( Hao Wu ),( Lijuan Gao ),( Hongbai Jia ),( Yuan Zhang ),( Zongjun Cui ),( Yuhua Li ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2016 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.26 No.12

To investigate the effects of Lactobacillus curvatus and Leuconostoc mesenteroides on suan cai (pickled Chinese cabbage) fermentation, L. curvatus and/or Ln. mesenteroides were inoculated into suan cai. Physicochemical indexes were measured, and the microbial dynamics during the fermentation were analyzed by Illumina MiSeq sequencing and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The results showed that inoculation with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) lowered the pH of the fermentation system more rapidly. The decrease in water-soluble carbohydrates in the inoculated treatments occurred more rapidly than in the control. The LAB counts in the control were lower than in other inoculated treatments during the first 12 days of fermentation. According to the Illumina MiSeq sequencing analyses, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Fusobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia were present in the fermentations, along with other unclassified bacteria. Generally, Firmicutes was predominant during the fermentation in all treatments. At the genus level, 16 genera were detected. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus in all inoculated treatments was higher than in the control. The relative abundance of Lactobacillus in the treatments containing L. curvatus was higher than in the Ln. mesenteroides-only treatment. The relative abundance of Leuconostoc in the Ln. mesenteroides-containing treatments increased continuously throughout the fermentation. Leuconostoc was highest in the Ln. mesenteroides-only treatment. According to the qPCR results, L. curvatus and/or Ln. mesenteroides inoculations could effectively inhabit the fermentation system. L. curvatus dominated the fermentation in the inoculated treatments.

Biological characterization of mesenchymal stem cells from bovine umbilical cord

Hui Xiong,Wei Jun Guan,Yue Hui Ma,Chunyu Bai,Shuang Wu,Yuhua Gao,Taofeng Lu,Qingyun Hu 한국통합생물학회 2014 Animal cells and systems Vol.18 No.1

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multi-potential cells that are able to proliferate and differentiate into othercell types. Much research has been done on the MSCs from the umbilical cord (UCMSCs) in human, mice, andavian, but little literature has been published about these cells in big livestock. Here, we choose Luxi cattle asthe experimental animal, we describe an external culture of the UCMSCs from it and summarize the biologicalcharacteristics of these cells, e.g., morphologic appearance, surface antigens, colony-forming ability, geneexpression, and differentiation potential were detected via using immunofluorescence and reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The induced cells, osteoblast, lipoblast, hepatocyte, islet cells, andneurocyte were identified by Alizarin red staining, Oil-red-O staining, Periodic acid-schiff staining, andDithizone staining and RT-PCR detection for specific genes. Results suggest that biological characteristics ofthe UCMSCs were similar to those of MSCs previously analyzed. The primary UCMSCs were sub-cultured topassage 32, the UCMSCs expressed gene CD29, CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD166, induced cells illustratedtypical staining, and expressed specific genes, which indicate that the UCMSCs could be a novel alternativesource of MSCs for experimental and clinical applications.