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Park, Jongpil,Lee, Won Young,Hwang, Cha Hwan,Kim, Hanggeun,Kim, Youngkwon,Shim, Il-Wun Korean Chemical Society 2014 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.35 No.8
$Cu_2SnSe_3$ (CTSe) and $Cu_2ZnSnSe_4$ (CZTSe) nanoparticles were synthesized by sonochemical reactions under multibubble sonoluminescence (MBSL) conditions. First, $Cu_2SnSe_3$ nanoparticles were synthesized by the sonochemical method with an 85% yield, using CuCl, $SnCl_2$, and Se. Second, ZnSe was coated on the CTSe nanoparticles by the same method. Then, they were transformed into CZTSe nanoparticles of 5-7 nm diameters by heating them at $500^{\circ}C$ for 1 h. The ratios between Zn and Sn could be controlled from 1 to 3.75 by adjusting the relative concentrations of CTSe and ZnSe. With relatively lower Zn:Sn ratios (0.75-1.26), there are mostly CZTSe nanoparticles but they are believed to include very small amount of CTS and ZnSe particles. The prepared nanoparticles show different band gaps from 1.36 to 1.47 eV depending on the Zn/Sn ratios. In this sonochemical method without using any toxic or high temperature solvents, the specific stoichiometric element Zn/Sn ratios in CZTSe were controllable on demand and their experimental results were always reproducible in separate syntheses. The CZTSe nanoparticles were investigated by using X-ray diffractometer, a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope, Raman spectroscopy, and a high resolution-transmission electron microscope.
Park, Jongpil,Song, Miyeon,Jung, Won Mok,Lee, Won Young,Kim, Hanggeun,Kim, Youngkwon,Hwang, Chahwan,Shim, Il-Wun The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013 Dalton transactions Vol.42 No.29
<P>Cu<SUB>2</SUB>ZnSnS<SUB>4</SUB> (CZTS) nanoparticles were synthesized by sonochemical reactions under multibubble sonoluminescence (MBSL) conditions. First, Cu<SUB>2</SUB>SnS<SUB>3</SUB> (CTS) nanoparticles were synthesized by the sonochemical method with a 91.3% yield. Second, ZnS was coated on Cu<SUB>2</SUB>SnS<SUB>3</SUB> nanoparticles by the same method. Then, they were transformed into CZTS nanoparticles of 90–300 nm diameter by heating them at 450 °C for 1 hour. The ratios between Zn and Sn could be controlled from 0.20 to 1.32 by adjusting the relative concentrations of Cu<SUB>2</SUB>SnS<SUB>3</SUB> and ZnCl<SUB>2</SUB>. With relatively lower Zn : Sn ratios (0.20–0.41), there was a mixture of CTS and CZTS nanoparticles. The prepared nanoparticles show different band gaps from 1.19 to 1.52 eV depending on the zinc to tin ratio. In this sonochemical method without using any toxic or high temperature solvents, the specific stoichiometric element ratios in CZTS were controllable on demand and their experimental results were always reproducible in separate syntheses. The CZTS nanoparticles were investigated by using X-ray diffraction, a UV-Vis spectrophotometer, a scanning electron microscope, Raman spectroscopy, and a high resolution-transmission electron microscope.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>Cu<SUB>2</SUB>ZnSnS<SUB>4</SUB> (CZTS) nanoparticles were synthesized by sonochemical reactions under multibubble sonoluminescence (MBSL) conditions. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c3dt50849h'> </P>
Kim, Hyeong Jun,Kim, Jae-Han,Ryu, Ji-Ho,Kim, Youngkwon,Kang, Hyunbum,Lee, Won Bo,Kim, Taek-Soo,Kim, Bumjoon J. American Chemical Society 2014 ACS NANO Vol.8 No.10
<P>While most high-efficiency polymer solar cells (PSCs) are made of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) blends of conjugated polymers and fullerene derivatives, they have a significant morphological instability issue against mechanical and thermal stress. Herein, we developed an architecturally engineered compatibilizer, poly(3-hexylthiophene)-<I>graft</I>-poly(2-vinylpyridine) (P3HT-<I>g</I>-P2VP), that effectively modifies the sharp interface of a BHJ layer composed of a P3HT donor and various fullerene acceptors, resulting in a dramatic enhancement of mechanical and thermal stabilities. We directly measured the mechanical properties of active layer thin films without a supporting substrate by floating a thin film on water, and the enhancement of mechanical stability without loss of the electronic functions of PSCs was successfully demonstrated. Supramolecular interactions between the P2VP of the P3HT-<I>g</I>-P2VP polymers and the fullerenes generated their universal use as compatibilizers regardless of the type of fullerene acceptors, including mono- and bis-adduct fullerenes, while maintaining their high device efficiency. Most importantly, the P3HT-<I>g</I>-P2VP copolymer had better compatibilizing efficiency than linear type P3HT-<I>b</I>-P2VP with much enhanced mechanical and thermal stabilities. The graft architecture promotes preferential segregation at the interface, resulting in broader interfacial width and lower interfacial tension as supported by molecular dynamics simulations.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/ancac3/2014/ancac3.2014.8.issue-10/nn503823z/production/images/medium/nn-2014-03823z_0008.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/nn503823z'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>
Temperature Measurement Techniques for RAON Cryomodule
Kim, Heetae,Jung, Yoochul,Jo, Yong Woo,Lee, Min Ki,Choi, Jong Wan,Kim, Youngkwon,Kim, Juwan,Paeng, Won-Gi,Kim, Moo Sang,Jung, Hoechun,Kwon, Young Kwan The Korean Vacuum Society 2018 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.27 No.2
Conducting and semiconducting temperature sensors are calibrated and applied to cryomodules. The definition of temperature is introduced and the pressure in vacuum is shown as a function of temperature. The resistance of Drude model is shown as a function of carrier density and mean free path. Temperature sensors are calibrated with Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS). The temperature sensors are applied to measure temperature accurately in RAON cryomodules.
Ku, Kang Hee,Ryu, Ji Ho,Kim, Jinwoo,Yun, Hongseok,Nam, Chongyong,Shin, Jae Man,Kim, Youngkwon,Jang, Se Gyu,Lee, Won Bo,Kim, Bumjoon J. American Chemical Society 2018 Chemistry of materials Vol.30 No.23
<P>Interface engineering of evaporative emulsion droplets containing block copolymers (BCPs) provides an effective route to generate nonspherical particles. Here, we demonstrate the impact of length-controlled nanorods (NRs) on the interfacial properties of BCP emulsions to produce anisotropic BCP particles. A series of lamellae- and cylinder-forming polystyrene-<I>b</I>-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-<I>b</I>-P4VP) and a series of NRs with different lengths (<I>l</I>) are coassembled, and selective arrangement of the NRs on the P4VP domain at the particle surface enables the production of striped football (prolate) and convex lens-shaped (oblate) particles. In particular, the ratio of the NR length to the size of the NR-hosting domain (<I>l</I>/<I>L</I>), which is varied from 0.07 to 3.60, is the key parameter in determining the location of the NRs in the BCP particles as well as the final particle shape. The oblate particles are generated only in the range of 0.36 ≤ <I>l</I>/<I>L</I> ≤ 0.96, whereas the prolate particles are produced for much wider range of <I>l</I>/<I>L</I> ≥ 0.83 without upper limit. This difference is attributed to larger entropic penalty for the NRs confined within the P4VP cylinders than the entropic penalty for those within the lamellae. To better understand and support our experimental observations, we performed dissipative particle dynamics simulation and calculated the free energy for the NR/BCP assembly within the emulsion droplets.</P> [FIG OMISSION]</BR>
Temperature Measurement Techniques for RAON Cryomodule
Heetae Kim,Yoochul Jung,Yong Woo Jo,Min Ki Lee,Jong Wan Choi,Youngkwon Kim,Juwan Kim,Won-Gi Paeng,Moo Sang Kim,Hoechun Jung,Young Kwan Kwon 한국진공학회(ASCT) 2018 Applied Science and Convergence Technology Vol.27 No.2
Conducting and semiconducting temperature sensors are calibrated and applied to cryomodules. The definition of temperature is introduced and the pressure in vacuum is shown as a function of temperature. The resistance of Drude model is shown as a function of carrier density and mean free path. Temperature sensors are calibrated with Physical Property Measurement System (PPMS). The temperature sensors are applied to measure temperature accurately in RAON cryomodules.
건축 내부 마감부재의 BIM 기반 상세설계 자동화를 위한 실무적 요구사항 분석
홍성현,구본상,유영수,하대목,원영권,Hong, Sunghyun,Koo, Bonsang,Yu, Youngsu,Ha, Daemok,Won, Youngkwon 한국건설관리학회 2022 건설관리 : 한국건설관리학회 학회지 Vol.23 No.5
Although the use of BIM in architectural projects has increased, repetitive modeling tasks and frequent design errors remain as obstacles to the practical application of BIM. In particular, interior finishing elements include the most varied and detailed requirements, and thus requires improving its modelling efficiency and resolving potential design errors. Recently, visual programming-based modules has gained traction as a way to automate a series of repetitive modeling tasks. However, existing approaches do not adequately reflect the practical modeling needs and focus only on replacing siimple, repetitive tasks. This study developed and evaluated the performance of three modules for automatic detailing of walls, floors and ceilings. The three elements were selected by analyzing the man-hours and the number of errors that typically occur when detailing BIM models. The modules were then applied to automatically detail a sample commercial facility BIM model. Results showed that the implementations met the practical modeling requirements identified by actual modelers of an construction management firm.