A Case Study of Risk Assessment of Ozone Impact on Forest Tree Species in Japan

Watanabe, Makoto,Yamaguchi, Masahiro,Matsumura, Hideyuki,Kohno, Yoshihisa,Koike, Takayoshi,Izuta, Takeshi Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2011 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.5 No.4

Ozone ($O_3$) is a main component of photochemical oxidants and a phytotoxic air pollutant. Although the current levels of tropospheric $O_3$ in East Asia could adversely affect productivity of forest tree species, risk assessments of $O_3$ impact were limited. In this paper, we summarize the methodology of risk assessment of $O_3$ on forest tree species based on our two previous studies, risk assessments of $O_3$ impact on the growth of Fagus crenata by Watanabe et al. (2012) and on the annual carbon absorption of three representative conifers, Cryptomeria japonica, Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi by Watanabe et al. (2010). $O_3$ sensitivity of each tree species obtained from an experimental study, $O_3$ exposure and atmospheric N deposition based on field monitoring and vegetation survey were integrated by geographic information system method. Based on the results, we conclude that the area with high risk of $O_3$ impact does not necessarily correspond to the area with high $O_3$ exposure. The varieties of tree habitat, tree sensitivity to $O_3$ and annual carbon absorption among the tree species, and N deposition-induced change in the $O_3$ sensitivity of F. crenata are raised as the factors of discordance between areas with high risk and those with high $O_3$ exposure. In the last part of this paper, we discuss the present uncertainty and perspectives of risk assessment for the future studies on the impact of $O_3$ on forest tree species in East Asia.

A Case Study of Risk Assessment of Ozone Impact on Forest Tree Species in Japan

Makoto Watanabe,Masahiro Yamaguchi,Hideyuki Matsumura,Yoshihisa Kohno,Takayoshi Koike,Takeshi Izuta 한국대기환경학회 2011 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.5 No.4

Ozone (O_3) is a main component of photochemical oxidants and a phytotoxic air pollutant. Although the current levels of tropospheric O_3 in East Asia could adversely affect productivity of forest tree species,risk assessments of O_3 impact were limited. In this paper, we summarize the methodology of risk assessment of O_3 on forest tree species based on our two previous studies, risk assessments of O_3 impact on the growth of Fagus crenata by Watanabe et al. (2012) and on the annual carbon absorption of three representative conifers, Cryptomeria japonica, Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi by Watanabe et al. (2010). O_3 sensitivity of each tree species obtained from an experimental study, O_3 exposure and atmospheric N deposition based on field monitoring and vegetation survey were integrated by geographic information system method. Based on the results, we conclude that the area with high risk of O_3 impact does not necessarily correspond to the area with high O_3 exposure. The varieties of tree habitat, tree sensitivity to O_3 and annual carbon absorption among the tree species, and N deposition-induced change in the O_3 sensitivity of F. crenata are raised as the factors of discordance between areas with high risk and those with high O_3 exposure. In the last part of this paper, we discuss the present uncertainty and perspectives of risk assessment for the future studies on the impact of O_3 on forest tree species in East Asia.

Dynamic Wave Response Analysis of Floating Bodies in the Time-domain

Watanabe, Eiichi,Utsunomiya, Tomoaki,Yoshizawa, Nao Computational Structural Engineering Institute of 2002 Computational structural engineering Vol.2 No.1

This paper presents a method to predict dynamic responses of floating bodies in the time domain. Because of the frequency-dependence of the radiation wave forces, the memory effect must be taken into account when the responses are evaluated in the time domain. Although the formulations firstly developed by Cummins (1962) have been well-known for this purpose, the effective numerical procedure has not been established yet. This study employs FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) algorithm to evaluate the memory effect function, and the equations of motion of an integro-differential type are solved by Newmark-β method. Numerical examples for a truncated circular cylinder have indicated the effectiveness of the proposed numerical procedure.

The review of IFMFC (International Forum on Magnetic Force Control) -The accumulated knowledge and experience of the magnetic force control with IFMFC

Watanabe, Tsuneo The Korea Institute of Applied Superconductivity a 2018 한국초전도저온공학회논문지 Vol.20 No.2

The practical use of superconducting magnets is limited to medical equipment, energy equipment and the like. Therefore, it does not fully utilize the superior features of superconducting magnet or magnetic force. In order to overcome this blockage condition, The international Forum on Magnetic Force Control (IFMFC) was launched in Tokyo in 2010 by the magnetic separation researchers in Japan, Korea and China. The policy is to hold around the country every year, to apply the application to the engineering field of magnetic force utilization and information exchange about the development of applied science to mutual visit of researchers and to develop the application field of superconducting magnets in particular. The main object is to review the field of application of magnetic force with respect to published papers at 8 IFMFCs, and to introduce the trend of research forum utilizing strong magnetic force which is rare in the world. The United Nations is asking each country to achieve Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) targets for 2030. This IFMFC review will be utilized in this field.

Impact of Extra-Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Blood Purification Therapy on Early Mobilization in the Intensive Care Unit: Retrospective Cohort Study

Watanabe Shinichi,Iida Yuki,Hirasawa Jun,Naito Yuji,Mizutani Motoki,Uemura Akihiro,Nishimura Shogo,Suzuki Keisuke,Morita Yasunari 대한재활의학회 2023 Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine Vol.47 No.3

Objective: To investigate the effect on early mobilization in patients undergoing extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) and acute blood purification therapy in the intensive care unit (ICU).Methods: We conducted this multicenter retrospective cohort study by collecting data from six ICUs in Japan. Consecutive patients who were admitted to the ICU, aged ≥18 years, and received mechanical ventilation for >48 hours were eligible. The analyzed were divided into two groups: ECMO/blood purification or control group. Clinical outcomes; time to first mobilization, number of total ICU rehabilitations, mean and highest ICU mobility scale (IMS); and daily barrier changes were also investigated.Results: A total of 204 patients were included in the analysis, 43 in the ECMO/blood purification group and 161 in the control group. In comparison of clinical outcome, the ECMO/blood purification group had a significantly longer time to first mobilization: ECMO/blood purification group 6 vs. control group 4 (p=0.003), higher number of total ICU rehabilitations: 6 vs. 5 (p=0.042), lower mean: 0 vs. 1 (p=0.043) and highest IMS: 2 vs. 3 (p=0.039) during ICU stay. Circulatory factor were most frequently described as barriers to early mobilization on days 1 (51%), 2 (47%), and 3 (26%). On days 4 to 7, the most frequently described barrier was consciousness factors (21%, 16%, 19%, and 21%, respectively)Conclusion: The results of this study comparing the ECMO/blood purification group and the untreated group in the ICU showed that the ECMO/blood purification group had significantly longer days to mobilization and significantly lower mean and highest IMS.

Thermal Conductivity of a Functionally Craded Fe-Cu-Calloy processed by Liquid Phase Sintering and Carburization

Watanabe Ryuzo,Okita Yasuaki 한국분말야금학회 2003 한국분말야금학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2003 No.1

Holism as the Reconcilling Principle of Science and Religion

Watanabe, Hisayoshi 선문대학교 통일사상연구원 1997 통일사상 연구논총 Vol.3 No.-

What I have called 'religious paradigm'must by now be clear, I hope. It is paradigm set against the materialistic paradigm of conventional science, centered on the concept of 'life' as an unrefutable heart of reality. It is 'religious' without being specially religious, but then it may be called deeply religious since 'fife' reaches into realms too deep to fathom. Religion, then, should be given a new concept, as science should be rid of its old concept. Obstacles to the harmonization of scientific and religious views of the world, then, reside mainly in our being entrapped in their old concepts, in the lack of imagination, in not reviewing our first assumptions.

Quantum Performance of Thermal Machines over Many Cycles

Watanabe, Gentaro,Venkatesh, B. Prasanna,Talkner, Peter,del Campo, Adolfo American Physical Society 2017 Physical Review Letters Vol.118 No.5

<P>The performance of quantum heat engines is generally based on the analysis of a single cycle. We challenge this approach by showing that the total work performed by a quantum engine need not be proportional to the number of cycles. Furthermore, optimizing the engine over multiple cycles leads to the identification of scenarios with a quantum enhancement. We demonstrate our findings with a quantum Otto engine based on a two-level system as the working substance that supplies power to an external oscillator.</P>

Quantum fluctuation theorems and generalized measurements during the force protocol.

Watanabe, Gentaro,Venkatesh, B Prasanna,Talkner, Peter,Campisi, Michele,H?nggi, Peter Published by the American Physical Society through 2014 Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and so Vol.89 No.3

<P>Generalized measurements of an observable performed on a quantum system during a force protocol are investigated and conditions that guarantee the validity of the Jarzynski equality and the Crooks relation are formulated. In agreement with previous studies by M. Campisi, P. Talkner, and P. H?nggi [Phys. Rev. Lett. 105, 140601 (2010); Phys. Rev. E 83, 041114 (2011)], we find that these fluctuation relations are satisfied for projective measurements; however, for generalized measurements special conditions on the operators determining the measurements need to be met. For the Jarzynski equality to hold, the measurement operators of the forward protocol must be normalized in a particular way. The Crooks relation additionally entails that the backward and forward measurement operators depend on each other. Yet, quite some freedom is left as to how the two sets of operators are interrelated. This ambiguity is removed if one considers selective measurements, which are specified by a joint probability density function of work and measurement results of the considered observable. We find that the respective forward and backward joint probabilities satisfy the Crooks relation only if the measurement operators of the forward and backward protocols are the time-reversed adjoints of each other. In this case, the work probability density function conditioned on the measurement result satisfies a modified Crooks relation. The modification appears as a protocol-dependent factor that can be expressed by the information gained by the measurements during the forward and backward protocols. Finally, detailed fluctuation theorems with an arbitrary number of intervening measurements are obtained.</P>

Generalized energy measurements and modified transient quantum fluctuation theorems.

Watanabe, Gentaro,Venkatesh, B Prasanna,Talkner, Peter Published by the American Physical Society through 2014 Physical review. E, Statistical, nonlinear, and so Vol.89 No.5

<P>Determining the work which is supplied to a system by an external agent provides a crucial step in any experimental realization of transient fluctuation relations. This, however, poses a problem for quantum systems, where the standard procedure requires the projective measurement of energy at the beginning and the end of the protocol. Unfortunately, projective measurements, which are preferable from the point of view of theory, seem to be difficult to implement experimentally. We demonstrate that, when using a particular type of generalized energy measurements, the resulting work statistics is simply related to that of projective measurements. This relation between the two work statistics entails the existence of modified transient fluctuation relations. The modifications are exclusively determined by the errors incurred in the generalized energy measurements. They are universal in the sense that they do not depend on the force protocol. Particularly simple expressions for the modified Crooks relation and Jarzynski equality are found for Gaussian energy measurements. These can be obtained by a sequence of sufficiently many generalized measurements which need not be Gaussian. In accordance with the central limit theorem, this leads to an effective error reduction in the individual measurements and even yields a projective measurement in the limit of infinite repetitions.</P>