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A Case Study of Risk Assessment of Ozone Impact on Forest Tree Species in Japan
Watanabe, Makoto,Yamaguchi, Masahiro,Matsumura, Hideyuki,Kohno, Yoshihisa,Koike, Takayoshi,Izuta, Takeshi Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment 2011 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.5 No.4
Ozone ($O_3$) is a main component of photochemical oxidants and a phytotoxic air pollutant. Although the current levels of tropospheric $O_3$ in East Asia could adversely affect productivity of forest tree species, risk assessments of $O_3$ impact were limited. In this paper, we summarize the methodology of risk assessment of $O_3$ on forest tree species based on our two previous studies, risk assessments of $O_3$ impact on the growth of Fagus crenata by Watanabe et al. (2012) and on the annual carbon absorption of three representative conifers, Cryptomeria japonica, Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi by Watanabe et al. (2010). $O_3$ sensitivity of each tree species obtained from an experimental study, $O_3$ exposure and atmospheric N deposition based on field monitoring and vegetation survey were integrated by geographic information system method. Based on the results, we conclude that the area with high risk of $O_3$ impact does not necessarily correspond to the area with high $O_3$ exposure. The varieties of tree habitat, tree sensitivity to $O_3$ and annual carbon absorption among the tree species, and N deposition-induced change in the $O_3$ sensitivity of F. crenata are raised as the factors of discordance between areas with high risk and those with high $O_3$ exposure. In the last part of this paper, we discuss the present uncertainty and perspectives of risk assessment for the future studies on the impact of $O_3$ on forest tree species in East Asia.
A Case Study of Risk Assessment of Ozone Impact on Forest Tree Species in Japan
Makoto Watanabe,Masahiro Yamaguchi,Hideyuki Matsumura,Yoshihisa Kohno,Takayoshi Koike,Takeshi Izuta 한국대기환경학회 2011 Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment (AJAE) Vol.5 No.4
Ozone (O_3) is a main component of photochemical oxidants and a phytotoxic air pollutant. Although the current levels of tropospheric O_3 in East Asia could adversely affect productivity of forest tree species,risk assessments of O_3 impact were limited. In this paper, we summarize the methodology of risk assessment of O_3 on forest tree species based on our two previous studies, risk assessments of O_3 impact on the growth of Fagus crenata by Watanabe et al. (2012) and on the annual carbon absorption of three representative conifers, Cryptomeria japonica, Pinus densiflora and Larix kaempferi by Watanabe et al. (2010). O_3 sensitivity of each tree species obtained from an experimental study, O_3 exposure and atmospheric N deposition based on field monitoring and vegetation survey were integrated by geographic information system method. Based on the results, we conclude that the area with high risk of O_3 impact does not necessarily correspond to the area with high O_3 exposure. The varieties of tree habitat, tree sensitivity to O_3 and annual carbon absorption among the tree species, and N deposition-induced change in the O_3 sensitivity of F. crenata are raised as the factors of discordance between areas with high risk and those with high O_3 exposure. In the last part of this paper, we discuss the present uncertainty and perspectives of risk assessment for the future studies on the impact of O_3 on forest tree species in East Asia.
SIGNIFICANCE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Watanabe,Yoshimasa 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1991 環境硏究 Vol.10 No.2
From the presented arguments it appears that Environmental Biotechnology can contribute significantly to the avoidance and diminishing of Environmental problems. However it has also been shown that. - Environmental Biotechnology is only one other available technologies. - Development of new technologies is lengthy ( 5-10 years ) and costly.
Dynamic Wave Response Analysis of Floating Bodies in the Time-domain
Watanabe, Eiichi,Utsunomiya, Tomoaki,Yoshizawa, Nao Computational Structural Engineering Institute of 2002 Computational structural engineering Vol.2 No.1
This paper presents a method to predict dynamic responses of floating bodies in the time domain. Because of the frequency-dependence of the radiation wave forces, the memory effect must be taken into account when the responses are evaluated in the time domain. Although the formulations firstly developed by Cummins (1962) have been well-known for this purpose, the effective numerical procedure has not been established yet. This study employs FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) algorithm to evaluate the memory effect function, and the equations of motion of an integro-differential type are solved by Newmark-β method. Numerical examples for a truncated circular cylinder have indicated the effectiveness of the proposed numerical procedure.
PILOT PLANT STUDY OF AN UPGRADED ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTOR
WATANABE,Y.,MASUDA,S.,IWASAKI,Y. 嶺南大學校 環境問題硏究所 1994 環境硏究 Vol.14 No.1
This paper deals with experimental results obtained by the pilot plant of an upgraded Rotating Biological Contactor(RBC). This is a two-story RBC which is designed to simultaneously achieve the biological oxidation and removal of detached biomass in the trough. The authors constructed a three-stage pilot plant with an octagonal stainless mesh contactor 2m across to collect the design information of an upgraded RBC. The municipal wastewater treatment was conducted to examine the RBC's performance. According to experimental results, with a contactor rotating speed of 2rpm, the effluent TOC and NH₄-N concentrations were about 10g/㎥ and 5g/㎥, respectively, at the hydraulic loading of 70L/㎡/d, corresponding to a BOD loading of about 8g/㎡/d. The electrical power consumption of the RBC was 0.005kwh/㎡/d at a contactor rotating speed of 1rpm. A jet mixed separator(JMS) was used as the physico-chemical pre-treatment unit of the RBC. With the addition of a coagulant, simultaneous flocculation and sedimentation of the suspended particles occurred in the JMS. This combined system of the JMS and RBC produced a clean effluent.
Watanabe Takuma,Yokoyama Atsushi,Shimizu Satoshi,Bessho Kazuhisa 대한구강악안면외과학회 2022 대한구강악안면외과학회지 Vol.48 No.4
A ranula is a pseudocyst that originates from the sublingual gland after trauma. Acute cases of ranulas that progress rapidly and cause respiratory dis-tress are rare. Holoprosencephaly is a complex brain malformation caused by incomplete cleavage of the prosencephalon. Children with holoprosen-cephaly may experience upper airway obstruction due to the associated dentoalveolar malformations and oromotor dysfunctions. We present the case of an eight-year-old female patient with holoprosencephaly and a plunging ranula that manifested as an acute course due to difficult airway management. She required gastrostomy for oromotor dysfunctions related to feeding and swallowing and difficulty managing oral secretions. The sublingual gland and ranula were removed under general anesthesia. Postoperatively, urgent reintubation and close monitoring in the intensive care unit were required due to upper airway obstruction. We successfully managed the patient with close cooperation of a pediatrician and an anesthetist, and no recurrence was observed at the one-year follow-up. A ranula can be caused by trauma to the floor of the mouth in association with lingually inclined mandibular teeth, a type of dentoalveolar compensation seen in maxillary hypoplasia associated with holoprosencephaly. Careful consideration is needed in such cases since airway management can be difficult due to postoperative swelling and oromotor dysfunctions.