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Antifungal Properties of Rhizopus oligosporus Against Apple Anthracnose Fungi
( Vivek K. Bajpai1 ),( Seak Won Choi ),( Sun Chul Kang ) 한국환경농학회 2010 한국환경농학회지 Vol.29 No.1
This study was carried out to assess the antifungal potential of R. oligosporus and its ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract against the fungal pathogens causing anthracnose disease in apple fruits using disc diffusion, antagonistic effect and morphological abnormalities in fungal mycelia. The percentage of inhibition of antifungal effect of the ethyl acetate extract (5 μl disc-1) of the R. oligosporus against C. acutatum KACC 40848, C. gloeosporioides KACC 40897, C. higginsianum KACC 40806, C. orbiculare KACC 40808, C. coccodes KACC 40008, C. musae KACC 40947, C. boninense KACC 40893, C. liliacearum KACC 40981, C. caudatum KACC 41028 and Colletotrichum sp. KACC 40811 was found to be 44.4, 35.5, 40, 31.1, 33.3, 37.7, 40, 51.1, 28.8 and 28.8%, respectively. Also the fungus R. oligosporus showed potential antagonistic effect of antifungal activity against the tested pathogens of Colletotrichum spp. Further, R. oligosporus had a potential detrimental effect on the morphology of the tested fungi of Colletotrichum spp. such as wrinkle abnormalities, abnormal cell formation, lysis of mycelium, empty cell formation, distorted cell formation and breakage of the mycelium. These findings strongly support the role of R. oligosporus to serve as a potential antifungal agent to control plant pathogenic fungi causing anthracnose disease in apple fruits.
Bajpai, Vivek K.,Kang, Sun-Chul The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture 2008 한국환경농학회지 Vol.27 No.1
This study was carried out to assess the antidermatophytic potential of the ethyl acetate(EtOAc) extract of the marine isolate of Aspergillus sp.. The fungus was isolated by serial dilution, and was identified Aspergillus sp.. The EtOAc extract of the fungus was examined to evaluate the antidermatophytic efficacy against the fungal pathogens infecting human skin using the disc diffusion and MIC(minimum inhibitory concentration) determination methods. The EtOAc extract($5{\mu}l\;disc^{-1}$) was considered to have the antidermatophytic activity based on the inhibition percentage of the mycelial growth of the fungi tested such as Trichophyton mentagrophytes KCTC 6085, Microsporum canis KCTC 6591, Microsporum canis KCTC 6348, Trichophyton rubrum KCTC 6352, Microsporum canis KCTC 6349 and Trichophyton mentagrophytes KCTC 6316. The percentage of the inhibition ranged from 54% to 81, and the MIC obtained was 62.5, 62.5, 250, 125, 125, and $125{\mu}g\;ml^{-1}$, respectively. The extract had a strong detrimental effect on the spore germination of the tested skin infectious pathogens. These findings strongly support the role of the ethyl acetate extract as a potential antidermatophytic agent.
( Vivek K. Bajpai ),( Sun Chul Kang ) 한국환경농학회 2009 한국환경농학회지 Vol.28 No.1
This study was carried out to assess the antilisterial potential of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract of a marine isolate of Aspergillus sp. The in vitro antilisterial efficacy of ethyl acetate extract was examined using disc diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination, cell viable count and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) methods against the employed strains of Listeria monocytogenus. The ethyl acetate extract (300 μg disc-1) exhibited a promising antilisterial effect as diameters of inhibition zones against L. monocytogenes ATCC 19111, 19116, 19118, 19166 and 15313, which were found in the range of 11-17 mm along with their MIC values ranging from 125 to 1000 μg ml-1, respectively. Also the EtOAc extract had strong detrimental effect on the viable count of the tested L. monocytogens ATCC 19166. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) study demonstrated potential detrimental effect of ethyl acetate extract on the morphology of L. monocytogenes ATCC 19116 at the used MIC concentration. These findings strongly support the role of ethyl acetate extract of a marine isolate of Aspergillus sp. as an antiliterial potential.
Bajpai, Vivek K,Kang, Sun Chul,Lee, Soon-Gu,Baek, Kwang-Hyun Natural Product Communications 2012 Natural product communications Vol.7 No.1
<P>This study was carried out to produce bioconverted products by microbial fermentation of tomato using a plant pathogenic bacterium Pectobacterium atrosepticum and to evaluate their in vitro antimycotic effect against pathogenic Candida species. The bioconverted products (500 microg/disc) provoked promising antimycotic effects against pathogenic isolates of Candida species as shown by the diameters of zones of inhibition (9 +/- 0.6 to 14 +/- 0.4 mm), along with their respective minimum inhibitory and minimum fungicidal concentration values, which increased from 250 to 1000 and 250 to 2000 microg/mL, respectively. With the viable counts of the tested fungal pathogens, exposure of the bioconverted products revealed a remarkable antimycotic effect. In addition, the morphology of a clinical isolate of C. glabrata KBN06P00368, visualized by scanning electron microscopy, showed a severe detrimental effect produced by the bioconverted products at the minimum inhibitory concentration (250 microg/mL). The bioconverted products significantly inhibited the in vitro growth of all the tested clinical and pathogenic laboratory isolates of Candida species. This study confirmed the potent antimycotic efficacy of the bioconverted products of tomato, hence justifying the therapeutic uses of bioconverted products in pharmaceutical preparations as an alternative approach to support the antifungal activity of conventional antimycotics.</P>
Bajpai, Vivek K.,Alam, Md Badrul,Ju, Mi-Kyoung,Kwon, Kyoo-Ri,Huh, Yun Suk,Han, Young-Kyu,Lee, Sang Han Elsevier 2018 BIOMEDICINE AND PHARMACOTHERAPY Vol.103 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study investigates the polyphenolic composition and antioxidant mechanism of an ethyl acetate fraction of <I>Nymphaea nouchali</I> leaves (NNLE). Various <I>in vitro</I> assays were performed using RAW 264.7 cells to assess the antioxidant effects of NNLE and to understand the underlying molecular mechanism. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed the presence of gallic acid, catechin, epigallocatechin, epicatechin gallate, caffeic acid, luteolin, and kaempferol as the key polyphenolic composition of NNLE. NNLE had a potent ability to scavenge numerous free radicals through hydrogen atom transfer and/or electron donation. In addition, NNLE prevented the damage of DNA and quenched <I>t</I>-BHP induced generation of ROS without showing toxicity. NNLE was found to combat oxidative stress by enhancing the transcription and translation of both primary antioxidant enzymes and phase-II detoxifying enzymes, especially heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1). NNLE treatment enhanced Nrf2 accumulation in the nucleus and post-translational phosphorylation level of p38 kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in RAW 264.7 cells. Treatment with p38 and ERK inhibitors completely suppressed NNLE-induced Nrf2 and HO-1 expression. We also found that p38 and ERK inhibitors significantly antagonized the increase in cell viability and cellular ROS scavenging activity induced by NNLE. The findings of this study provide scientific evidence on the potential of NNLE as a cost-effective and readily available source of natural phytochemicals, along with the strategy to prevent diseases associated with oxidative stress through attenuating disease progression.</P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>
Invasive Fungal Infections and Their Epidemiology: Measures in the Clinical Scenario
Vivek K. Bajpai,Imran Khan,Shruti Shukla,Pradeep Kumar,Irfan A. Rather,박용하,Yun Suk Huh,Young-Kyu Han 한국생물공학회 2019 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.24 No.3
Fungi are increasingly recognized as major clinical pathogens in critically ill patients. Emerging groups of fungal pathogens such as Candida and Cryptococcus spp. are most frequently isolated from clinical setup, including filamentous fungi. Assessment of risk factors of these infections such as hospital-acquired fungal infection and environmental factors, including changes in medical practices and epidemiology as well as fungal infection mediated immunomodulation have provided important therapeutic options in the diagnosis of the fungal infections for clinicians. This review aims to furnish information on the factors affecting invasive fungal infections in a clinical scenario, especially for immunocompromised patients. A review of the recently published literature via PubMed, Elsevier and Medline database was performed. Relevant invasive fungal diseases and their worldwide cases were reviewed. Data on the immune response to the fungal infections in terms of release of anti-fungal effectors have been provided. Information on the anti-fungal mechanistic action via upregulation of immunity through predominant cytokines has been summarized, as well as factors affecting disease scenario of invasive fungal infections in clinical practices. The epidemiology and clinical features of fungal infections have also been reviewed.
Bajpai, Vivek K.,Yoon, Jung-In,Cho, Seak-Won,Kang, Sun-Chul The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2010 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.26 No.2
This study was undertaken to isolate and to identify a fungal pathogen Monilinia sp. KV-27 associated with apple anthracnose. Rotted Fuji apples were used for the isolation of the fungus. The infected tissues were sterilized with 70% ethanol, washed with sterilized distilled water and were transferred to 50 ml containing potato dextrose broth (PDB) flasks. The peripheral hyphae of the fungal colony which developed from the infected tissues were isolated on to potato dextrose agar (PDA). On PDA plates the fungus grew well at $25^{\circ}C$ and occupied more than half of a 9 cm petri dish within 5 days. The fungal cultures on PDA were used for morphological observation and identification of the fungus. Conidiophores were produced on the gray to whitish sporodochial structures scattered on PDA plates. These conidiophores gave rise to chains of conidia, which were branched and easily detached in water. These structures were dark brown to black and consisted of hyphal masses. Conidia produced on PDA plates were hyline or light colored, lemon shaped or ellipsoidal ($10-13{\times}8.5-11{\mu}m$) in size.