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α- and β-Amylase Isozyme Expresser Native Proteins in Tropical Silkworm Bombyx mori L.
( G. K. Chattopadhyay ),( A. K. Verma ),( A. K. Sengupta ),( S. K. Das ),( S. Raje Urs ) 한국잠사학회 2007 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.8 No.2
Amylase isozyme based three multivoltine viz., N+p, Np, N+p(cho) and two bivoltine-D6+p, D6p syngenic lines (Syn. L) were developed from germplasm (GP) stocks Nistari (N) and D6 respectively. haemolymph isozyme pattern at pH 7.0 and 8.5 depicted a total 11 number (Amy1 to 6 at pH 7.0 and Amy1 to 5 at pH 8.5) of native proteins (NP) of various sizes are amylase isozyme expressers. Among eleven NPs, two NPs of 770 kDa (Amy6 at pH 7.0) and 376 kDa (Amy3 at pH 8.5) are a-amylase expressers and remaining NPs of 370, 364, 350, 329 and 274 kDa at pH 7.0 and 206, 292, 416, 725 kDa at pH 8.5 are β-amylase expressers. Accordingly, digestive juice amylase isozyme pattern at aforesaid pH also depicted a total number of 10 NPs (Amy1 to 5) at each pH 7.0 and 8.5 are amylase expressers of which NP of 387 kDa (Amy4 at pH 7.0) and 780 kDa (Amy5 at pH 8.5) are a-amylase expresser. Remaining NPs of 338,297 & 216 kDa at pH 7.0 and 370, 341, 329 &302 kDa at pH 8.5 are β-amylase expresser. Recurrent backcross lines (RBL) viz., N+pRBL and NpRBL were developed through introgression of high shell weight character (a multigenic trait) to be used further for congenic line (Con. L) development and to understand any association with introgressed character. Isozyme pattern in haemolymph of RBLs depicted only one α-amylase of 770 kDa at pH 7.0 and 376 kDa at pH 8.0 with three and four respective β-amylase bands but in bivoltine lines numbers of β-amylase bands vary between 1 to 2 at aforesaid pH. Variability was also observed in digestive juice of multivolitine and its RBLs but bivoltine lines express null activity at both pH except appearance of one very week α-amylase band D6+p at pH 8.5. Overall study suggests that not a single NP at both pH is common for expression of any band of amylase isozyme i.e., a totally different set of proteins are the amylase isozyme expresser at specific pH and no molecular factor of amylase is associated in developed RBLs which showed improvement on survival, single cocoon shell weight (SCSW) and single filament length over receptor parents.
$\alpha$- and $\beta$-Amylase Isozyme Expresser Native Proteins in Tropical Silkworm Bombyx mori L.
Chattopadhyay, G.K.,Verma, A.K.,Sengupta, A.K.,Das, S.K.,Urs, S.Raje Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2004 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.8 No.2
Amylase isozyme based three multivoltine viz., N+p, Np, N+ $p^{cho}$ and two bivoltine-D6+p, D6p syngenic lines (Syn. L) were developed from germplasm (GP) stocks Nistari (N) and D6 respectively. haemolymph isozyme pattern at pH 7.0 and 8.5 depicted a total 11 number (Am $y_{1 to 6}$ at pH 7.0 and Am $y^{l to 5}$ at pH 8.5) of native proteins (NP) of various sizes are amylase isozyme expressers. Among eleven NPs, two NPs of 770 kDa (Am $y^{6}$ at pH 7.0) and 376 kDa (Am $y^3$ at pH 8.5) are $\alpha$-amylase expressers and remaining NPs of 370, 364, 350, 329 and 274 kDa at pH 7.0 and 206, 292, 416, 725 kDa at pH 8.5 are $\beta$-amylase expressers. Accordingly, digestive juice amylase isozyme pattern at aforesaid pH also depicted a total number of 10 NPs (Am $y^{1 to 5}$) at each pH 7.0 and 8.5 are amylase expressers of which NP of 387 kDa (Am $y^4$ at pH 7.0) and 780 kDa (Am $y^{5}$ at pH 8.5) are a-amylase expresser. Remaining NPs of 338,297 & 216 kDa at pH 7.0 and 370, 341, 329 &302 kDa at pH 8.5 are $\beta$-amylase expresser. Recurrent backcross lines (RBL) viz., N+pRBL and NpRBL were developed through introgression of high shell weight character (a multigenic trait) to be used further for congenic line (Con. L) development and to understand any association with introgressed character. Isozyme pattern in haemolymph of RBLs depicted only one $\alpha$-amylase of 770 kDa at pH 7.0 and 376 kDa at pH 8.0 with three and four respective $\beta$-amylase bands but in bivoltine lines numbers of $\beta$-amylase bands vary between 1 to 2 at aforesaid pH. Variability was also observed in digestive juice of multivolitine and its RBLs but bivoltine lines express null activity at both pH except appearance of one very week $\alpha$-amylase band D6+p at pH 8.5. Overall study suggests that not a single NP at both pH is common for expression of any band of amylase isozyme i.e., a totally different set of proteins are the amylase isozyme expresser at specific pH and no molecular factor of amylase is associated in developed RBLs which showed improvement on survival, single cocoon shell weight (SCSW) and single filament length over receptor parents.s.s.s.
Synthesis, magnetic and Mossbauer spectroscopic studies of Cr doped lithium ferrite nanoparticles
Srivastava, M.,Layek, S.,Singh, J.,Das, A.K.,Verma, H.C.,Ojha, A.K.,Kim, N.H.,Lee, J.H. Elsevier Sequoia 2014 JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS Vol.591 No.-
Lithium-based ferrites are promising and potential magnetic materials for microwave applications. They possess a spinel (AB<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB>) type crystal structure, where the distributions of metal cations over the tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) voids play a crucial role for exhibiting different physical properties. Among various parameter of synthesis, pH is an important factor that influences the cation distribution over A and B voids, overall growth of the nanoparticles and different physical properties. In the present work single phase Cr substituted lithium ferrite nanoparticles have been synthesized by the sol-gel method at different pH. The phase identification and crystallite size have been probed by X-ray diffraction studies. The crystallite size changes by 44.2-48.8nm upon varying the pH from 3.5 to 11.5. In order to investigate the cations distribution at A/B sites, Mossbauer spectroscopic measurements were done. The values of magnetic hyperfine field obtained from the Mossbauer data for the A and B sites are ~49.5T and 51T, respectively. Moreover, it is observed that the area ratio of B site to A site increases with increasing the pH. This observation further suggests that the B site is more preferable for Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> cations at higher pH than the A site. The magnetic parameter such as saturation magnetization (M<SUB>s</SUB>), remanent magnetization (M<SUB>r</SUB>), coercive field (H<SUB>C</SUB>) and squareness (S) are determined by vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements, which show a consistent increase with increasing pH. The reason for the variation in magnetic properties has been explained on the basis of increased Fe<SUP>3+</SUP> cation occupancies at the B site and size effect, which is well supported by Mossbauer spectroscopic and XRD studies.
George, S.K.,Dipu, M.T.,Mehra, U.R.,Verma, A.K.,Singh, P. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2006 Animal Bioscience Vol.19 No.9
The potential of the spot urine sampling technique as an alternative to performing a total urine collection to predict the microbial nitrogen supply was evaluated in crossbred bulls. In a completely randomized design, 20 growing crossbred bulls were assigned four levels of feed intake (120, 100, 80 and 60% of voluntary dry matter intake) on diets comprised of wheat straw and concentrate mixture (50:50). After three months of experimental feeding, a metabolism trial was conducted for ten days, during which spot urine collections were performed every 6 h post feeding on days 9 and 10. The daily urinary excretion of allantoin (A) and purine derivatives (PD) decreased with the reduction in feed intake while creatinine (C) excretion remained similar in animals fed at different levels. The microbial nitrogen (MN) supply calculated from the PD excreted in total urine (35.08 to 72.08 g/d) was higher at increased levels of feed intake. PD concentration in spot urine samples had poor correlation with feed intake except at 12 h post feeding. A/C ratio and PD/C ratio in spot urine samples remained similar irrespective of sampling time and significantly (p<0.01) correlated with daily urinary PD excretion, digestible organic matter intake and dry matter (DM) intake. However, no significant differences were evident in these ratios among animals fed at levels 120, 100 and 80% of voluntary dry matter intake (VDMI) at different times post feeding. These results suggests that the spot urine sampling technique to predict the microbial protein supply is not suitable for detecting small differences in MN supply and hence, estimation of PD excreted in total urine (mmol/d) is necessary to assess precisely the MN supply in crossbred bulls.
Verma, A.K.,Chattopadhyay, G.K.,Sengupta, M.,Sengupta, A.K.,Das, S.K.,Urs, S.Raje Korean Society of Sericultural Science 2003 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.7 No.1
Manifestation of heterotic genetic interaction was studied in different hybrids made between multivoltine recurrent backcross (RBL)/congenic lines (Con. L) during unfavourable season when temperature and relative humidity are > $30^{\circ}C$ and 86%, respectively. A few number of silkworm race or strain or breed like Nistari (N + p or Np) can sustain the temperature above 3$0^{\circ}C$ and RH above 86%. The present heterosis study screened a hybrid i.e., CB$_{5}$Lm5RBL1.${\times}$M$_{6}$DPC-LmE$^1$RBL and its reciprocal provided heterobeltiotic effect on survival by number and pupation rate at a magnitude of 20% (p < 0.01) and yield by weight of 10% (p < 0.01). Beside all the hybrids expressed heterosis over check - Nistari (N + p) with better quality silk. Therefore, aforesaid hybrid may be useful for utilization at commercial level during adverse seasons of West Bengal.gal.
Singh, M.,Sharma, K.,Dutta, N.,Singh, P.,Verma, A.K.,Mehra, U.R. Asian Australasian Association of Animal Productio 2007 Animal Bioscience Vol.20 No.10
A study was carried out to study the response of total purine derivatives (PD) excretion in urine to determine microbial N (MN) supply at four fixed levels of feed intake (namely 95, 80, 60 and 40% of voluntary intake). The crossbred (CB) calves were allocated according to a $4{\times}4$ Latin Square Design and fed wheat straw and concentrate (1:1). The rate of PD excretion (mmol/d) as a linear function of feed intake was 15.85/kg DMI and 20.12/kg DOMI. Based on the endogenous and PD excretion rates obtained in this study, a relationship between daily urinary PD excretion (Y, mmol) and daily microbial protein supply (X, mmol) was developed for crossbred calves as Y = 0.83X+0.296 kg $W^{0.75}$. The derived microbial N values using this equation differed (p<0.001) among the 4 groups and was the highest in L-95 followed by L-80, L-60 and L-40. The relationship between urinary nitrogen loss (Y, g/d) and DOMI (X, kg/d) was established as: Y = 6.038X+21.753 ($r^2$ = 0.663, p<0.01). When urinary excretion of PD (Y, mmol/d) was plotted against intake of DM and DOM (X, kg/d), the equations obtained were: Y = 7.1711X+8.674 ($r^2$ = 0.889, p<0.01) and Y = 12.434X+7.683 ($r^2$ = 0.896, p<0.01), respectively. The proportional contribution of allantoin and uric acid to total PD remained stable irrespective of level of feed intake. Similarly, urinary excretion of creatinine did not differ (p>0.05) between animals fed at different levels. The MN supply was the highest to animals at intake levels L-95, and decreased linearly with corresponding decrease in feed intake. However, the MN supply when expressed per kg DOMI remained statistically (p>0.05) similar irrespective of level of intake. The results revealed that the excretion of urinary purine derivatives were positively correlated with the level of feed intake as well as rumen microbial supply and thus it could be a good indicator for measuring the microbial protein supply and nutritional status of animals.